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Effects of Spinal Fusion Surgery on the Kinetics of Adjacent Segments, Using Medical Imaging and Finite Element Modeling; Comparison with Musculoskeletal Model
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Arjmand, Navid (Supervisor)
Abstract
Passive finite element (FE) models of the spine are commonly used to simulate intact and various pre- and postoperative pathological conditions. Being devoid of muscles, these traditional passive FE models are driven by simplistic loading scenarios, e.g., a constant moment and compressive follower load (FL) that do not properly mimic the complex in vivo loading condition of the spine under muscle exertions. The present works therefore aims to develop novel passive FE models that are driven by more realistic yet simple loading scenarios, i.e., in vivo measured vertebral rotations and pathological-condition dependent FLs (estimated based on detailed musculoskeletal finite element (MS-FE) spine...
Identifying Cancer-related Genes Via Network Feature Learning and Multi-Omics Data Integration
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Rabiee, Hamid Reza (Supervisor)
Abstract
The highly developed biological data collection methods enable scientists to capture protein-protein interaction (PPI) in the human body, which could be analyzed as biological networks such as protein-protein interaction networks. These networks reveal essential information about the biological process in human cells and can be used to identify genes associated with cancers. Effectively identifying disease-related genes would contribute to improving the treatment and diagnosis of various diseases. Current methods for identifying disease-related genes mainly focus on the hypothesis of guilt-by-association and do not consider the global information in the PPI network. Besides, most methods pay...
Development of a Fall Risk Assessment Method Based on COP Data in Parkinson’s Disease
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Behzadipour, Saeed (Supervisor)
Abstract
In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in posturography methods as an objective quantitative tool for assessing balance and indicating patient with high risk of fall. Although many posturographic studies tried to describe balance deficiencies in PD, little success has been achieved in utilizing static posturography as a tool for discriminating faller and non-faller PD patients. Furthermore, Dynamic posturography studies have delivered valuable insight into the potentiality of these methods for assessing balance, but these devices are very high in price and cumbersome to move that can limit the feasibility of their use in the clinical settings. The aims of this study were: 1)...
An Improved Clustering Method of Data Mining in Healthcare and Its Implementation
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Akhavan Niaki, Taghi (Supervisor)
Abstract
In this study, a brief definition of data mining and its variants were mentioned. Then the methods and algorithms for clustering and their application in the field of healthcare is studied. Concidering the available data for anemia disease, including numeric and categorical attributes, the k-medoids clustering algorithm was selected. This algorithm is one of the simple, powerful and most widely used methods for clustering. The drawbacks of this algorithm are as follow: requires a user input on the number of clusters, depends on the initial data and traps in the local optima. In this thesis, an improved method of clustering-based on Random Forest and k-medoids algorithms has been developed....
Design a New Sugar- amino Acid-based Drug Structure as an Alternative to Methotrexate, with the Aim of Treating Leukemia and some Autoimmune Diseases
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Fattahi, Alireza (Supervisor)
Abstract
This project aims to design a drug to fight leukemia and some autoimmune diseases having few side effects. These drugs are composed of natural sugar and amino acid structures. Among the various treatments available, drug structures as inhibitors of enzymes involved in cancer-related cellular processes is an important treatment. Methotrexate is one of the most widely used anticancer drugs in the last half-century and treats leukemia and many autoimmune diseases such as psoriasis. It is a derivative of folic acid (vitamin B9) and one of the drugs with specific properties. It is an anti-folate whose anti-metabolic effects can help kill cancer cells. One of the problems with using this drug to...
Design and Efficient Implementation of ECG-based Detection Algorithm for Dangerous Myocardial Problems
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Hashemi, Matin (Supervisor) ; Vosooghi Vahdat, Bizhan (Co-Advisor)
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the first leading cause of death in the world also in IRAN. Early detection of such problems can decrease the costs also can help to cure the patient but it needs continuous monitoring and automated classification of hearbeats. Mobile devices and wearable gadgets are good solutions which can help patients before visiting the doctor.In this research, an algorithm is introduced which with the help of ECG signal detects dangerous myocardial problems. Our approach is using deep learning method which were not considered much before. In the proposed algorithm ECG signal is processed in order to get features and with dimensionality reduction, input of the network gets...
Preparation of Hemodialysis Membrane on the Basis of Polysulfone
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Moosavi, Ali (Supervisor) ; Abd Khodaei, Mohammad Jafar (Supervisor)
Abstract
In Hemodialysis, membrane dialyser and commonly hollow fibers are used to treat patients who suffer from end stage renal failure. When blood flows into membrane, it loses uremic toxins such as urea and creatinine. On the other hand, some of the vital proteins of blood pass through the membrane or they are adsorbed on the membrane surface. The more hydrophilicity of the membrane, the less adsorption of proteins is. In this study, to achieve high hydrophilicity and low adsorption of proteins on the polysulfone membrane surface, the presence of hydrophilic nano-particles SBA-15 in membrane composition is investigated. The nano-particles with mass percentages 0.25%, 0.5 % and 1 % to one mass of...
Effects of Temporal Correlations on Co-infection
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Ejtehadi, Mohammad Reza (Supervisor) ; Ghanbarnejad, Fakhteh (Co-Supervisor)
Abstract
SIS and SIR are common models for describing and predicting the epidemics of the contagious diseases. But these models fail to predict patterns of spreading dynamics in the case of co-infective diseases, i.e. getting infected by one disease, alters the chance of getting infected by the other one. Coinfection has been studied in the mean field approximation and on complex networks with different topologies. Another study shows temporal correlations of the underlying transmission network, play role on co-infection dynamics.In this research we investigate the effects of various temporal correlation on epidemic order parameters of independent infection and co-infection.For this purpose, we...
Heart Disease Diagnosis Based on Heart Sounds Using Signal Processing and Machine Learning Algorithms
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Akhavan Niaki, Taghi (Supervisor)
Abstract
The research in this study aims to analyze data in healthcare, especially the diagnosis of several diseases caused by heart failure. Analyzing and analyzing this data can lead to the discovery of relationships and patterns that can play an important role in the decision-making process of relevant officials in any field. Today, medical data around the world is stored in large volumes for future research. Various infrastructures and software have been set up in many health centers and research centers affiliated with those organizations.In this research, the general process of work is such that the data related to the heart sounds, which are in the four broad categories of S1 to S4, are...
Balance Assessment in Parkinson Disease based on a Combination of Posturographic Indices
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Behzadipour, Saeed (Supervisor) ; Taghizadeh, Ghorban (Supervisor)
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease in which balance disorders are a common symptom. Clinical and non-clinical methods have been developed to evaluate the quality of maintaining balance. Clinical methods include questionnaires and tests that are scored by the therapist and therefore depend on the examiner's skill. On the other hand, there are biomechanical methods that do not depend on the therapist's skill. Posturography -based methods are among the biomechanical tests used today to assess balance. In these methods, some indicators are extracted from the patient's foot center of pressure that can measure the quality of balance. These studies usually examine the...
Improving the Performance of an Activity Recognition System Using Meaningful Data Augmentation and Deep Learning Methods
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Behzadipour, Saeed (Supervisor)
Abstract
Researchers working at Mowafaghian Rehabilitation Research Center have decided to develop a telerehabilitation system named SEPANTA, especially designed for activity recognition of Parkinson's Disease patients. In this regard, the system uses 34 mobility exercises, including 20 LSVT-BIG activities (especially designed for PD patients) and 14 functional daily activities. Human Activity Recognition (HAR) systems faces various challenges e.g., intra-class variabilities, meaning differences in an activity performance by different persons or a person. Data augmentation and utilizing deep learning models are the most common solutions for the risen challenges. However, deep structures require an...
Designing and Manufacturing of an Electrospinning Machine and Prediction of Mechanical Responses of Artificial Blood Vessels Using Neural Networks and Finite Element Analysis
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Nourani, Amir (Supervisor) ; Chizari, Mahmoud (Co-Supervisor)
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is one of the most leading causes of death in the world and one of the common methods for treating such diseases is replacing damaged blood vessels with artificial ones. Electrospinning, which is a method of producing polymer fibers, is one of the best and common methods of producing synthetic vessels. The first goal in this study was to create a suitable structure for fiber production; therefore, first, an electrospinning device and environmental chamber were designed and built. Then, the effect of alternative and uniform flow on the diameter and structure of the fibers was investigated using 15% wt. Polycaprolactone solution. The results of this study showed that the...
Design and Simulation of Bioimpedance Chip for Monitoring Heart Failure
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Sharifkhani, Mohammad (Supervisor)
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of death and mortality. among these diseases, heart muscle inability, especially acute decompensated heart failure is very common. There are several methods to diagnose and monitor this disease, but a method that is accurate, non-invasive, portable and easy to access and easy to measure without multiple visits to the clinic; Priority for use. Early detection and continuous monitoring of fluid status by measuring the bio-impedance (Bio-Z) measurement of thoracic magnitude or phase is critical in reducing the mortality of chronic heart failure (CHF) patients. In this dissertation, for monitoring chronic heart failure, bio-impedance chips with...
Evaluating the Effect of Innovation on Burden of Disease in Different Countries
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Miremadi, Iman (Supervisor) ; Saleh Farazi, Mohammad (Co-Supervisor)
Abstract
In this comprehensive study, we explore the influence of general health innovation outputs on the burden of diseases across 70 nations spanning two decades, from 2000 to 2019, marking the first investigation of its kind. Our investigation takes into account associations among health-related patents, scholarly publications pertaining to health, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), a measure used to assess overall disease burden. Employing a robust fixed effect panel data model, our findings illuminate the notable impact health-related publications exert in mitigating disease burden universally across all countries examined. However, we did not find a similar association between patent...
Development of a Polymeric Scaffold for Periodontal Regeneration
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Abdekhodaie, Mohammad Jafar (Supervisor)
Abstract
Periodontitis is a common inflammatory disease that affects the periodontium.Periodontium includes two hard tissues of cementum and alveolar bone and also soft tissue of periodontal ligament. The appropriate function is based on the consistency and accurate interaction of them. The complex structure, the low potential of the body for spontaneous healing, and technical problems such as bacteria accumulation, limited access, and small operating field cause no complete treatment can be achieved until now.In this project, at first collagen type I was extracted from Bovine Achilles tendon. Then, polymer modification was done to 39.95 µg/mg (Tyramine/ Collagen). An In situ gel based on modified...
The Development of a Postural Control Model for People with Parkinson’s disease to Predict Rehabilitation Exercises Effects
, Ph.D. Dissertation Sharif University of Technology ; Behzadipour, Saeed (Supervisor) ; Firoozbakhsh, Keikhosrow (Supervisor) ; Taghizadeh, Ghorban (Co-Supervisor)
Abstract
Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients seriously suffer from instability and impaired postural control. Rehabilitation exercises help them to recover their ability through long-term practical sessions. For designing optimal tasks in each session, and in agreement with each patient’s state, it is essential to employ computational models and approaches.Objective: The goal of this study is to develop a computational postural control model of Parkinson’s disease in order to provide new understanding of the postural control in PD, and to gain insight on the effect of balance trainings on PD (the learning dynamics), from the view of this model.Methods: In the first phase of this study, the...
Market of Kidney in Iran
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Fatemi Ardestani, Farshad (Supervisor)
Abstract
In this study we developed an analytical model to delve into the behavior of participants in the market of kidney in Iran. We get health as a good which not only elevates the utility of any individual, it add more years to each individual longevity. We find out that ESRD patients who are in serious need of receiving a new kidney will never postpone buying kidney in case of having the price fixed in all periods.We found out that the waiting time in queue of receiving market is a u-shape function in which there is a minimum. We proved that the price making the queue minimum is definitely bigger than the market clearance market. Accordingly, despite all the unfair and immoral view toward...
Investigation and Development of an Interpretable Machine Learning Model in Therapeutic Applications by Providing Solutions to Change the Condition of Patients
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Haji, Alireza (Supervisor)
Abstract
Despite the significant progress of machine learning models in the health domain, current advanced methods usually produce non-transparent and black-box models, and for this reason, they are not widely used in medical decision-making. To address the issue of non-transparency in black-box models, interpretable machine learning models have been developed. In the health domain, counterfactual scenarios can provide personalized explanations for predictions and suggest necessary changes to transition from an undesirable outcome class to a desirable one for physicians. The aim of this study is to present an interpretable machine learning framework in the health domain that, in addition to having...
A Data-Driven Optimization Methodology to Improve Unmatched Pairs Assignment in Kidney Exchange Problem
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Najafi, Mahdi (Supervisor) ; Rafiee, Majid (Supervisor)
Abstract
One of the most common and effective ways to treat end-stage renal disease is the use of kidney exchange techniques. However, the main problem with this treatment is the presence of many barriers to allocating kidney pairs to each other, which reduces the success of kidney transplants. Among different types of kidney transplantation methods, the present study utilizes kidney transplantation cycles to develop the allocation of unmatched pairs in kidney transplantation using a data-driven optimization technique. In this study, HLA patients were considered as simulated and also a two-objective model in the kidney exchange network was designed to maximize the probability of kidney...
Fabrication of Thick Scaffold with Microfluidic Channels by Bioprinter
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Saadatmand, Maryam (Supervisor)
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are among the leading causes of death worldwide. For instance, in 2015, almost 31% of the world’s mortality rate was due to these causes. One of these diseases is cardiac coronary vessels’ occlusion which leads to the insufficient blood supply to the heart tissue and cardiomyocytes death after Myocardial Infarction (MI). After MI, a hierarchy of events in the heart tissue changes heart muscle and forms cardiac fibrosis. This fibrotic tissue does not have the native one’s properties and function, so it will cause cardiac arrest and patient death. Therefore, it is obvious that vascular network plays a crucial role in the heart function. The importance of cardiac...