Sharif Digital Repository

Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a novel solid state welding process for joining materials. In this process a high speed tool is introduced into the weld seam and due to localized frictional heat, plastic deformation and transverse movement along the weld seam, joining is accomplished. In this study aluminum matrix composite A356 + 15%SiCp is chosen for friction stir welding. Fragmentation of SiC particles and silicon needles existing in eutectic phase as well as their homogenous distribution as a result of stirring with high plastic strains, improve mechanical properties such as modulus of elasticity, yield and ultimate strength, elongation and hardness in the weld zone compared to that of... 

An exact elasto-plastic analytical solution for large-strained internal pressurized thick-walled spherical vessels made of elastic-linear and nonlinear hardening material is derived in this paper. This solution is based on the notion of finite strains, the deformation theory of Hencky and the yield criteria of von Mises and Tresca. Nolinear elastic solution of an axisymetric boundary value problem is used as a basis to generate its inelastic solution, whereas the Hyper-elastic constitutive equation is invoked to represent the material response in the elastic region. This method treats the material parameters as field variables. Their distributions are obtained in an iterative manner using... 

Let p be a prime number and let n be a positive integer prime to p. By an Ihara-result, one means the existence of an injection with torsion-free cokernel, from a full lattice, in the space of p-old modular forms, into a full lattice, in the space of all modular forms of level np. In this paper, Ihara-results are proven for genus two Siegel modular forms, Siegel-Jacobi forms and Hilbert modular forms. Ihara did the genus one case of elliptic modular forms [1]. A geometric formulation is proposed for the notion of p-old Siegel modular forms of genus two, using clarifying comments by R. Schmidt [2] and, then, following suggestions in an earlier paper [3] on how to prove Ihara results. The main... 

In this paper, a new single cone-cap plasticity with an isotropic hardening rule is presented for powder materials. A general form is developed for the cap plasticity, which can be compared with some common double-surface plasticity models proposed for powders in literature. The constitutive elasto-plastic matrix and its components are derived based on the definition of yield surface, hardening parameter and nonlinear elastic behavior, as a function of relative density of powder. Different aspects of the model are illustrated and the procedure for determination of powder parameters is described. Finally, the applicability of the proposed model is demonstrated in numerical simulation of... 

A critical combination of matrix strain hardening exponent and fiber volume exceeded to confer tensile ductility to short-fiber reinforced metal. The bimodal distribution of tensile ductilities observed in such materials can be attributed to a transition in damage mode, from fiber fragmentation to matrix voiding. Building on results for model composites of this class and making a few specification, a simple criterion can be proposed to predict whether such composites display a low or a high tensile elongation. The results show that, composites of this class are ductile if their matrix strain hardening exponent exceeds by more than around three per cent of unity the fiber volume fraction  

In this paper, nanoscale vibrational analysis of a multi-layered graphene sheet embedded in an elastic medium is investigated and the corresponding natural frequencies and the associated modes are determined. The modeling is based on the fact that the elastic moduli of a graphene sheet in two perpendicular orientations are different, so the plate is considered to be anisotropic. The graphene layers stacking at the top of each other bond with carbon-carbon van der Waals forces between two adjacent ones. Also, the whole multi-layered graphene sheet is influenced by polymer-carbon van der Waals forces from the surrounding elastic medium. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. Al rights reserved  

The evolution of microstructural damage during tensile deformation of pure aluminium reinforced with 10 vol.% alumina short fibres is studied by monitoring the evolution of density and Young's modulus as a function of tensile strain. It is found that Young's modulus drops rapidly until a strain εc ≈ 3%. The composite density remains virtually unchanged in this strain range. At strains above εc, Young's modulus decreases more slowly while the density begins to decrease linearly, indicating void growth in the composite. It is shown that the drop in Young's modulus is linked to fragmentation of fibres aligned along the stress axis, while the decrease in density is related to void opening across... 

Behavior of nanostructures, which are characterized by a large surface-to-volume ratio, is greatly influenced by their surface parameters, such as surface elastic moduli tensor. Accurate determination of the surface elastic constants by first principles is of particular interest. To this end, through consideration of the fundamental thermodynamic arguments for free solid surfaces, an analytical formulation for the change in specific Helmholtz surface free energy is developed. Relating this formulation to the corresponding energy calculated via first principles leads to the determination of the surface elastic moduli tensor. The surface mechanical properties, namely surface energy, surface... 

In this study, sandwich beam model (SM) is proposed for free vibration analysis of bilayer graphene nanoribbons (BLGNRs) with interlayer shear effect. This model also takes into account the intralayer (in-plane) stretch of graphene nanoribbons. The molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using the software LAMMPS and Adaptive Intermolecular Reactive Empirical Bond Order (AIREBO) potential are done to validate the accuracy of the sandwich model results. The MD simulation results include the two first frequencies of cantilever BLGNRs with different lengths and two interlayer shear moduli, i.e., 0.25 and 4.6GPa. These two interlayer shear moduli, 0.25 and 4.6GPa, can be obtained by sliding a small... 

Nowadays, thin films have many applications in every field. So, in order to improve the performance of thin film devices, it is necessary to characterize their mechanical as well as electrical properties. In this research work we focus on the development of a model for the analysis of the mechanical and electrical properties of silver nanoparticles deposited on silicon substrates. The model consists of inter-particle diffusion modeling and finite element analysis. In this study, through the simulation of the sintering process, it is shown that how the geometry, density, and electrical resistance of the thin film layer are changed with sintering conditions. The model is also used to... 

The small-strain shear modulus, Go, is an important fundamental soil property. Although many studies have been conducted on this property for clean sands and pure clays, small-strain behavior for mixtures of sand and fines has been less addressed. This paper presents the results of a comprehensive laboratory study on G0 value of sand containing various amounts of different fines. To this aim, bender elements were integrated into a conventional triaxial apparatus, and shear wave velocity was measured on samples of sand with different amounts of highly-plastic, medium-plastic, low-plastic, or non-plastic fines at different void ratios. Measuring the shear wave velocity and thus... 

Metallic foams are a class of lightweight materials that show high potentials for different industrial applications such as automotive and aerospace engineering. However, many factors have prevented metallic foams from being fully utilized in industrial applications. One main factor is that the influences of the porous structure on the mechanical properties of metallic foams are not well known yet. In this paper, a finite element model was used to analyze monodisperse closed cell aluminum foam in order to determine the relationship between its elastic modulus, porosity and pore diameter. A nonlinear relationship was found between the foams porosity, pore diameter and modulus of elasticity.... 

Both natural montmorilonite (CN) and organically modified montmorilonite (CB) improved significantly the mechanical performance of novolac phenolic resin (PF)/woven glass-fiber (GF) composites due to their nanodispersion and good interfacial interaction with the matrix. It was revealed that the incorporation of 2.5 wt% of the clays enhances the elastic modulus up to 38% for CN and 43% for CB. Aging of PF/GF composites at various aqueous solutions, i.e. water, brine and acidic environments, increased stiffness of the composite (∼100-250% increase in elastic modulus) due to possible secondary crosslinking caused by water molecules and hydroxyl groups of PF resin. However, aging led to the... 

The elastic behavior of an edge dislocation placed in the shell of a free-standing core-shell nanowire is considered within the theory of surface/interface elasticity. Using the method of complex potential functions the expressions for the stress field of the dislocation, image forces on the dislocation, and the dislocation strain energy are derived and studied in detail. A special attention is paid to non-classical effects revealed within the surface/interface elasticity approach where a characteristic length parameter referred to as surface/interface modulus is introduced. These effects are (i) the stress oscillations along the shell surface and core-shell interface for negative values of... 

According to available information and references, water leakage and internal erosion in bodies and foundations of embankment dams are the main reasons of many problems and failures. To reduce this risk in foundation, plastic cut off walls is one of the most reliable solutions. In this research the effect of specimen's age on the mechanical properties of plastic concrete was studied. This paper summarizes the test results which were conducted in unconfined and triaxial state. Plastic concrete specimens were prepared in the laboratory condition using the materials provided from the Silve dam site. Test results have shown that the time and confining pressure extremely affect the mechanical... 

The correlations between the hardness, yield stress, and modulus of elasticity of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) were evaluated on the local and global scales. Nanoindentation and traditional macromechanical tests were incorporated for this purpose. Thus, local and global mechanical properties were measured at various temperatures and strain rates. A certain relation was found between the local and global mechanical properties. Moreover, Johnson's model (developed according to the expanding cavity model) was also evaluated at various temperatures and strain rates. The Johnson model was valid only for the yield stresses obtained by nanoindentation and compressive tests and also the elastic... 

This paper is concerned with the stability analysis of bridged single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) under temperature changes. A molecular structural mechanics model is utilized to investigate the free vibration frequencies and thermal buckling of SWCNT. In comparison with most of the previous studies, a temperature-variable thermal-expansion-coefficient is used that is negative under a certain temperature. Also thermal variation of Young's modulus of the CNTs is considered. Several studies are performed to investigate the critical temperature change due to heating and cooling of SWCNTs with different chiralities and slenderness ratios and the stability boundaries are determined  

Highly conductive polypyrrole/graphene (PYG) nanocomposite was synthesized with chemical oxidation process via emulsion polymerization and used for the preparation of novel porous conductive gelatin/chitosan-based scaffolds. The effect of PYG loading on various properties of scaffolds was investigated. The obtained results indicated that by introducing PYG into the polymeric matrix, the porosity and swelling capacity decreased while electrical conductivity and Young's modulus demonstrated increasing trend. The in vitro biodegradation test revealed that pure gelatin/chitosan matrix lost 80% of its weight after six weeks in the presence of lysozyme whilst the biodegradation rate was... 

The unsaturated small strain shear modulus, Gmax, is a key reference value in predicting relationships between dynamic shear modulus and shear strain amplitude and is thus a key quantity to properly model the behavior of dynamically-loaded geotechnical systems such as pavements, rail beds, and machine foundations. From the interpretation of the experimental Gmax results for unsaturated soils, different definitions of trends between Gmax and the stress state of the unsaturated soils and material properties are proposed. However, in most of trends, the relationship between the stress state and void ratio is considered and the effect of void ratio on the unsaturated small strain shear modulus...