Sharif Digital Repository

Electric vehicles (EVs) usage is becoming ubiquitous nowadays. Widespread integration of electric vehicles into electric energy distribution systems (EEDSs) has a twofold impact: (1) It may impose a burden on EEDSs when EVs are charging, (2) EVs could discharge their battery capacity using V2G technology when required. To mitigate adverse effects of massive integration of EVs in EEDSs, EVs could be used as mobile energy storage devices (MESDs) to transfer electric energy throughout EEDSs using a proper charging/discharging scheme. In this paper, a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model is proposed to control charging and discharging of EVs to improve EEDS performance. EVs are modeled... 

Electric Vehicles (EVs) will be used rampantly in future transportation system. Although the uncontrolled charging of these EVs will be threatening for the stability of the grid, a compatible energy trading policy may provide beneficial services to the grid as well as preserving the sustainability of the system. In this paper, by taking advantage of block rate tariff, a wholesale pricing policy is introduced. A multi-objective approach is utilized to address the cost reduction and load leveling services concurrently. Due to the high computational complexity of a centralized problem, a game theoretic approach is exerted in order to design decentralized controllers for EVs. Moreover, an MPC... 

The planning and operation problems of parking lots of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) are studied in this paper. Herein, each distribution company (DISCO) allocates the parking lots to the electrical feeders to minimize the power loss and expected energy not supplied of the system, and consequently minimize the total cost of the planning problem over the given time horizon. In addition, the generation company (GENCO) manages the charging time of PEVs parked in the parking lots to defer the more expensive and pollutant generation units, and as a result maximize its daily profit. In both planning and operation problems, the behavioral model of PEVs' drivers are modeled with respect to the... 

Isolated microgrids depend mainly on diesel generation and have polluting transportation. This is being addressed by the introduction of renewable energy resources and electric vehicles (EVs). Hence, this paper presents a novel long-term planning model for the introduction of EVs in isolated microgrids. This work studies the replacement of internal combustion vehicles with electric ones by analyzing their respective investment, maintenance and operation costs. Various case studies are discussed, considering different EV and solar photovoltaic (PV) penetration levels, and varying prices of diesel in the planning horizon. Results demonstrate that investing in EVs could significantly reduce net... 

In this paper, a two-stage charging management framework is proposed to exploit the potential flexibility of Electric Vehicles (EVs). The aim is to reduce drastic variations in distribution system net load caused by integration of intermittent renewable distributed generation (DG) units. In the first stage, a home-based charging method is formulated in which the desired charging schedule of EVs is obtained by minimizing the cost of energy taking into account owners' preferences. The attained charging schedules are then announced to EVs Coordinator Agent (ECA) which, as the second stage, applies an LP optimization to reduce the cost of ramp provision. Moreover, an incentive scheme is... 

Increasing grid integration of intermittent renewable energy sources (RESs) and plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) with uncertain behaviours have necessitated enhancing the flexibility requirements of distribution networks. Thus, in the state-of-The-Art distribution network expansion planning (DNEP) models, both flexibility requirements and high penetration of RESs and PEVs should be taken into consideration. In this respect, a novel collaborative planning model for power distribution network (PDN) and plug-in Electric Vehicle Parking Lots (EVPLs) is proposed in this paper, which leverages sizing, siting, and operation of EVPLs to enhance the distribution network flexibility. Also, to model... 

Cost, durability and reliability are three critical issues in electrical/hybrid electrical vehicles (EV/HEV). In this regard, resolvers are often used as position and speed sensors in such applications. In this paper design and analysis of a novel multi-turn resolver is discussed to address all the mentioned issues. The proposed resolver has got one stator core and one rotor core. Double sets of signal windings on the stator and a special excitation winding on the rotor are designed to achieve both absolute and multi-speed operations. Mathematical model of the proposed resolver is verified using time stepping finite element analysis and experimental measurements. © 1967-2012 IEEE  

Uncoordinated adoption of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) imposes further load on the distribution network, and therefore may result in disruptive impacts on the grid. Transactive coordination of PEVs has been introduced as an effective approach to mitigate these negative consequences. This paper furthers efforts enabling PEVs to participate in a real-time retail electricity market under a transactive energy (TE) paradigm. In this regard, PEV owners will estimate their willingness to pay/accept using a user-friendly strategy and submit the estimated values to the retail market operator. Then using a network-constrained market clearing mechanism, the clearing prices, i.e., dual variables of... 

This article proposes two novel power management strategies (PMSs) to enhance the electrical power quality in twin-screw all-electric ships (AESs) during vessel-wave encountering. Soothing PMS (SPMS) focuses on mitigating power fluctuations of the propulsion system since it has significant impacts on the power system in extreme conditions. For this purpose, the PMS modifies propellers' speed based on the in-and-out-of-water effect loss factor (LF) in wave collisions. This method does not require typical equipment, such as energy storage systems (ESSs), to moderate the variations. Hence, it decreases the ESS demand capacity and maintenance costs at the design and operation levels. An... 

This paper proposes a new energy management model for residential buildings to handle the uncertainties of demand and on-site PV generation. For this purpose, the building energy management system (BEMS) organizes a transactive energy (TE) market among plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) to determine their charge/discharge scheduling. According to the proposed TE framework, the PEV owners get reimbursed by the BEMS for the flexibility they offer. In this regard, the PEV owners submit their response curves for reimbursement upon arrival. Then, the BEMS solves an optimization problem to maximize its own profit and determine the real-time TE market-clearing price. Afterward, based on the clearing... 

Waves encountering can cause significant ship motions and affect the photovoltaic power generation capacity in All-Electric Ships (AES) during extreme conditions. In this paper, a comprehensive strategy is proposed to examine the impact of modern vessels' movements on the PV system output and the ship power quality during various operating scenarios. The proposed theoretical model-based technique determines ship angles in a wave collision and assesses sun-related angles concerning the vessel motions. Based on the panel angles, the solar irradiance and the PV system power variations can be derived. The developed method can simultaneously evaluate the effect of ship motions on the photovoltaic... 

This paper compares the dynamic and static models of a Lithium-ion battery pack with its electrochemical model as energy storage of an electric vehicle according to the environmental protection agency drive cycles. The dynamic model or the RC equivalent circuit includes a voltage source and double parallel resistor and capacitor networks which are connected in series. The static model includes a voltage source and resistors. Given drive cycles, these models are compared in terms of the battery voltage, state-of-charge, and power loss in an electric vehicle in MapleSim software. Although the state-of-charge and power loss of both models are identical to each other, actually the terminal... 

The development of an efficient hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) platform needs an optimal design of its powertrain layout. This study is concerned with parallel HEVs (PHEVs) equipped with continuous transmission. First, different types of continuous transmissions, including continuously variable transmission (CVT), power-split CVT (PS-CVT) and multi-fixed ratio PS-CVT (MF-CVT), are discussed and their simulation models are presented. Also, various combinations of these continuous transmissions with PHEV configurations (namely, pre-transmission and posttransmission configurations) are introduced. Then, for a given PHEV model, several powertrain layouts resulting from combining the considered... 

An adaptive approach for distribution system reconfiguration and charging management of plug-in electric vehicles (PEV) is presented in this study. A stochastic model predictive control is applied to stochastically, adaptively, and dynamically reconfigure the system, manage the incidental charging pattern of PEVs, and deal with the variable and uncertain power of renewable energy sources. The objective function of problem is minimizing daily operation cost of system. Herein, the geography of area is considered and the behavior of PEVs' drivers (based on their income level) is modeled with respect to the value of incentive and their hourly distance from each charging station. It is shown that... 

Long-term distribution network planning (DNP) is considered as one of the most challenging issues for distribution network operators (DNOs). By increasing EVs in cities, it has appeared some new players such as electric vehicles (EVs) owners and electric vehicle parking lots (EVPLs) owners for DNP. In this article, we conduct a new study on the coupled dynamic expansion problem of EVPLs placement and distribution networks. To reach this goal, at first, EVs driving and charging/discharging behavior as some influential factors is modeled using an efficient probabilistic algorithm. An analytical model is then introduced to estimate the number of EVs in EVPLs at different times. To find out the... 

A massive focus has recently been made on demand response (DR) programs, aimed to the electricity price reduction, reliability improvement, and energy efficiency. Basically, DR programs are divided into twofold main categories, namely incentive-based programs and price- or time-based programs. The focus of this paper is on priced-based DR programs including consumer responses to the time differentiated pricing. Home load management (HLM) program is designed to control responsive appliances and charging/discharging cycles of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) by the consumer. Uncertain parameters associated with PHEV, i.e. its departure/travelling time and energy consumption as well as... 

Owners of electric vehicles (EVs) can offer the storage capacity of their batteries to the operator of a microgrid as a service called vehicle-to-grid (V2G) to hold the balance between supply and demand of electricity, particularly when the microgrid has intermittent renewable energy sources. Literature review implies that V2G has economic benefits for both microgrid operator and EV owners, but it is unclear how these benefits are divided between them. The challenge grows when the policy makers rely on the V2G revenue as an incentive for expanding the penetration of EVs in the automotive market. This paper models the interaction between microgrid operator and EV owners as a bargaining game... 

Electrical energy is very necessary for human life in the modern era. The rising energy prices, depletion of fossil fuels, and instability of the grid are alarming situations. So, it needs a smart solution to ensure the balance between pricing and saving natural resources. Some other issues like environmental change, limitations on installation of new transmission lines, reliability concerns, and considering the expansion in distributed energy generation technologies promise the implementation of distributed generation extensively. The integration of two or more energy supplies in a power system is known as distributed energy resource system. In this study, a university campus is taken as a... 

This paper presents a residential energy hub model for a smart multi-carrier energy home consisting of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV), combined heat and power (CHP), solar panels, and electrical storage system (ESS). The energy hub inputs are electricity and natural gas that provide electrical and heat demands at the output ports. In this paper, an optimization-based program is proposed to determine the optimal operation mode of the energy hub, to manage the energy consumption of responsive appliances, to schedule charging/discharging of PHEV and the storage system, and to coordinate solar panels operation with household responsive demand in response to day-ahead time-varying tariffs... 

One way of more efficiently utilizing the existing gas and electrical infrastructures is to consider them as one integrated system in planning and operation of energy systems. The energy hub framework is adopted to determine a modeling procedure for such multi carrier energy systems. This paper presents a residential energy hub model for a smart home. A residential combined heat and power (CHP) as a cogeneration technology, and a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle are employed in the model. Operation of the hub is optimized through a proposed optimization-based formulation. The objective is to minimize customer payment cost. Solving the problem determines how much of each energy carrier the...