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energy-consumption
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Total 263 records
Energy Policy in the Buildings: Provide Policies to Improve Energy Intensity in the Building Sector
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; maleki, Abbas (Supervisor)
Abstract
Energy efficiency for Iran, which has large reserves of oil and gas but also has a high energy consumption is important because it ensures the country's energy security and saving each energy unit creates energy exports opportunity. Buildings have high energy saving potential; this sector uses about thirty percent of energy consumption (about half the gas and thirty percent of the annual electricity consumption). Households are not motivated in saving energy because government pays energy subsidy. In this research building energy consumption (in Tehran) modeled by bottom up approach. Then the effect of economic incentive tools such as subsidy, loan and tax on motivation in energy saving...
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Haj Sadeghi, Khosro (Supervisor) ; Hesabi, Shahin (Supervisor)
Abstract
The fast development of semiconductor industry has moved the design methodology to SoC (System on Chip) design. Due to the increasing number of processing elements, In SoC, buses become the bottleneck of the system and lead to non-efficient designs. NoC (Network onChip) is an efficient solution that eliminates bus bottleneck and it had been introduced as a suitable substructure for interconnecting processing elements. The NoCs were originally built based on Interconnection Networks.They have been proposed as an efficient, scalable, modular and reliable solution to provide on chip communication in any large SoC design. The trend of market to mobile digital systems and battery-powered devices,...
Low-power Design of Decimal Multipliers
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Ejlali, Ali Reza (Supervisor)
Abstract
Decimal multiplication is a frequent operation with inherent complexity in implementation. Commercial and financial applications require their data to be precise while binary number system cannot ensure precision. Existing research works on parallel decimal multipliers have mainly focused on latency and area as two major factors to be improved. However, energy/power consumption is another prominent issue in today’s digital systems. Hence, in this thesis we present a comparative study of parallel decimal multipliers, considering energy/power consumption (leakage and dynamic power consumption), latency and area. Furthermore, we present two novel techniques to reduce energy/power consumption of...
Evaluating Data Prefetching Methods and Proposing an Energy-aware First Level Cache for Cloud Workloads
, Ph.D. Dissertation Sharif University of Technology ; Sarbazi Azad, Hamid (Supervisor)
Abstract
Data generation rate is far more than the technology scaling rate in a way that there will be a 40x gap between the data generation rate and the technology scaling rate in 2020. On one hand, unlike traditional HPC clusters, processors in data centers are not fully utilized and on the other hand, unlike traditional embedded processors, they are not idle most of the time. Therefore, energy consumption of such processors is an important issue; otherwise dealing with a huge volume of data will be problematic in the near future. In this dissertation, we will show that while first level data cache encounters high miss rate, traditional approaches such as data prefetching, which were efficient for...
Energy Efficient Dynamic Memory Allocation in Embedded Systems Equipped with Non-Volatile Memory
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Ejlali, Alireza (Supervisor)
Abstract
Energy consumption is one of the most important design constraints in embedded systems and a considerable fraction of the energy is consumed in memories. Memories play an important role in the systems since they occupy a large portion of the die area and they have a substantial impact on the performance of the systems. Therefore, managing their energy is of great importance. Moreover, as the technology scales down, the static energy becomes more important. For instance, in conventional memories like SRAM, the static energy becomes a considerable part of the total energy. Non-volatile memories (NVMs) have been proposed as a promising candidate for conventional memories. NVMs have appealing...
Thermal-aware Accelerator Placement and Task Assignment for Energy Improvement in Data Center
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Goudarzi, Maziar (Supervisor)
Abstract
With the proliferation of data centers, their ever-growing energy consumption has gained lots of attention from both academy and industry . Two primary parts that use majority of energy in data centers are IT equipment and cooling system or Computing Room Air Conditioning (CRAC) unit. Energy consumption of cooling system strongly relies on thermal performance of data center. Therefore, applying thermal management techniques for decreasing energy consumption of CRAC is a common practice. Moreover, the energy consumption of IT equipment affects the energy consumption of CRAC directly. Demand for more computing resources in data centers and their physical limits has, motivated the use of FPGAs ...
An Effective Power Gating Method for NoC through Idle Time Management
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Hesabi, Shahin (Supervisor)
Abstract
With the advent in technology and shrinking the transistor size down to nano scale, static power may become the dominant power component in Networks-on-Chip (NoCs). Power-gating is an efficient technique to reduce the static power of under-utilized resources in different types of circuits. For NoC, routers are promising candidates for power gating, since they present high idle time. However, routers in a NoC are not usually idle for long consecutive cycles due to distribution of resources in NoC and its communication-based nature, even in low network utilizations. Therefore, power-gating loses its efficiency due to performance and power overheads of the packets that encounter powered-off...
Increasing Life Time of Wireless Sensor Networks
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Hemmatyar, Afshin (Supervisor) ; Hajsadeghi, Khosro (Supervisor)
Abstract
A large number of sensors are spread for monitoring of an area in a random manner. The aim is to have an efficient design for energy that can protect the coverage of the area. A number of sensor nodes that have high density and which are in the area have the duty of monitoring of the area. The aim of this process is to determine of maximum number of separate collections that they have a direct influence upon the life span of the network. The idea behind this approach is that the nodes in areas with low availability are less used as a data routing as well as nodes that have remaining energy. In order to reach this objective, the importance of each sensor node for its duty of protecting...
Analyzing the Energy Overhead of Existing Real-Time Embedded Operating Systems
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Ejlali, Alireza (Supervisor)
Abstract
Real-time operating systems (RTOSs) have been widely used in the design of nowadays embedded systems; however we discuss in this thesis that RTOSs can impose considerable energy and time overhead. In this thesis, we analyze the impact of three existing and commonly used RTOSs (µC-OS II, Keil-OS, Emb-OS) on the energy consumption and real-time behavior of embedded systems. We have chosen these RTOSs because of their use in deeply embedded systems that are the dominant application of embedded systems. For this analysis, we have used a hardware-platform which is designed for embedded applications and is equipped with energy and power measurement circuitry. Our analysis provides useful...
Scheduling for Multi-core Real-time Embedded Systems to Achieve Low-energy Fault-tolerance
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Ejlali, Alireza (Supervisor)
Abstract
High reliability by fault tolerance mechanisms and low energy consumption are two essential requirements for the major category of hard real-time systems that are used in safety-critical applications. Therefore many of previous researches in the safety-critical applications have presented various solutions to achieve these properties. Time and hardware redundancy techniques have been used extensively to achieve fault tolerance in the design of the hard real-time¬¬ systems. To achieve a high level of reliability, the time redundancy techniques are dependent on slack time. Therefore in some cases using the hardware redundancyto achieve the fault tolerance is inevitable. But the redundancy...
Design and Implementation of Smart Thermosthat for Heating/Cooling Loads Consumption Management
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Safdarian, Amir (Supervisor)
Abstract
Thesedays, the electric power industry faces not only increasing electrical demand, but also improving the performance of electrical energy systems. In order to provide these requirements, the concept of smart grid is presented by academic researchers and industry experts. In different parts of a smart grid, the application of various technologies for easy monitoring and control of the system improves its performance. On demand side, making smart is the equivalent of smart consumption management to reduce energy consumption or cost. Considering the high contribution of heating/cooling loads to the energy consumption basket, and the high flexibility of these loads due to thermal inertia, the...
Providing a Cluster-based Routing Policy to Improve Reliability in IoT Applications
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Ejlali, Alireza (Supervisor)
Abstract
Number of smart devices is increasing due to the expanding use and vast variety of Internet of Things (IoT) applications. One of the most important challenges in IoT applications is finding the best route for information flow, among a large number of devices with different features.In 2012, the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standardized and introduced the routing protocol for low-power and lossy networks (RPL). Low setup time and loop avoidance are two advantages of RPL. However, in RPL, unbalanced loads on the network causes congestion on some routes, resulting in the loss of many packets. Therefore, due to congestion in the nodes, RPL does not provide much reliability. In...
Developing IP Camera-Based Edge Processing Architecture for Smart Building
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Moeini Aghtaie, Moein (Supervisor) ; Rajabi Ghahnavieh, Abbas (Supervisor)
Abstract
Optimizing and reducing energy consumption will be a feature of smart cities in the future. In addition to the technical aspects of a technology, one of the most important obstacles to its lack of development is not considering economic factors. Investigating the economics and calculating the cost of using IoT systems in the energy sectors of a smart city is one of the most important issues. Using existing systems in buildings or adding limited and inexpensive hardware to make a building smart can make smartening a cost-effective operation and more widespread. In this research, a proposed architecture based on edge processing is described. In addition to receiving and displaying camera...
Proposing an Energy-Aware Objective Function Based on Reinforcement Learning for Mobile IoT Networks
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Ejlali, Alireza (Supervisor)
Abstract
The presence of IoT has been increased in different aspects of human life. Due to the increasing trend in the number of smart connected devices, routing has become a major challenge in loT systems. Furthermore, due to the energy-constrained embedded devices in the network, which are usually battery-powered, and considering that %97 of the node's energy consumption is due to activities associated with the transceiver module, the energy-aware routing is significantly important. In this regard, the IPv6 routing protocol for low-power and lossy networks (RPL) was standardized to be adopted in IoT infrastructure. Due to the increasing interest in mobile IoT applications in recent years and...
Data Reduction and Aggregation in Wireless Sensor Networks
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Movaghar Rahimabadi, Ali (Supervisor)
Abstract
Data transmission consumes most of the power resources in wireless sensor networks. Con-sequently, a large number of methods have been devised to cope with this problem. In this thesis, we propose a data reduction algorithm based on the transmission workload of interme-diate nodes. We aggregate the incoming packets to the intermediate nodes into one packet by employ ing the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Therefore, each intermediate node only sends one packet in stead of relaying all the incoming packets and hence we achieve consid-erable reduction in power consumption at those nodes. Although this approach imposes some delay for buffering the incoming packets, but extending the...
Simulation of Solar Hot Water System By TRNSYS-Case Study of Rahman Abad Park
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Kazemzadeh Hannani, Siamak (Supervisor) ; Abbaspour, Majid (Supervisor)
Abstract
Limitations of fossil energy resources and environmental factors such as gas emission and global warming, forces human being to tend to apply renewable energies especially solar energy resource. Iran, which is located in yellow belt of the earth, has a high potential to be benefited from solar energy. Since more than 40 percent of energy resources are consumed in the building section, using solar energy I buildings can help the country to reduce the energy consumption. Space Cooling and heating and water heating are some examples of solar energy applications in buildings. Because, there are various types of climates in the world, there is not a unified code and guideline to design and...
Optimizing Energy Consumption in Electric Arc Furnace
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Saboohi, Yadollah (Supervisor) ; Kazemzadeh Hannani, Siamak (Supervisor)
Abstract
Electric Arc Furnaces" are of the most important industries in energy field. High energy consumption leads us to improve model for optimizing energy demand in electric arc furnaces. Melting and refining are two processes which need high amounts of energy. There are several different energy resources in electric arc furnaces. Materials can receive energy from electric arc or from chemical reactions that takes place between molten steel and slag. In addition, some slag formers should be added to the furnace. There are complicated relations between mass transfers, heat transfer and energy balance in EAF. In order to solve energy conservation problem in EAF, we should first extract equations to...
MPC-based Adaptive Climate Control of Multi-unit Buildings Using Weather Forecast
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Rezaeizadeh, Amin (Supervisor)
Abstract
Energy management in buildings play an important role in minimizing the global energy consumption. Providing an optimal temperature in buildings and workplaces is a significant step toward the energy management, regardless of the local climate. Buildings account for 20-40% of the world’s total energy consumption, and this consumption is increasing in developed countries at 0.5-5% per annum.In various studies, energy consumption potential has been investigated using model predictive control (MPC) and system identification.In this paper, the building system is modeled as a gray-box model in which the formulas are developed using the heat transfer equation and the solar radiation heat is...
Job Scheduling for Edge-Cloud Computing in IoT Systems
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Shah Mansouri, Hamed (Supervisor) ; Namvar, Mehrzad (Co-Supervisor)
Abstract
IoT-based systems use cloud computing servers that are generally far away from them to perform tasks. Whenever there is a computational task that requires heavy and complex processing, the problem of offloading decision is to identify the best computing server to perform the processing related to this task. Numerous dynamic factors affect the solution to this problem.Optimization in energy consumption of the device that has generated a task alongside reducing its calculation delay can be applied in solving the offloading problem. The optimization problem that is formed to minimize the energy consumption in the offloading decision is an integer programming problem that is generally difficult...
A novel and low-energy PKC-based key agreement protocol for WSNs
, Article 2013 10th International ISC Conference on Information Security and Cryptology, ISCISC 2013 ; 2013 ; Aref, M. R ; Payandeh, A ; Sharif University of Technology
IEEE Computer Society
2013
Abstract
Security is a critical and vital task in WSNs. Recently, key management as the core of a secure communication has received lots of attention, but in most of the proposed methods security has been compromised in favor of reducing energy consumption. Consequently, perfect resiliency has not been achieved by most of the previous works. Hostile environment, ability of adversary to capture the nodes, and dead nodes with sensitive data scattered in the region, calls for a more secure and yet practical method. This paper proposes a novel authentication scheme based on broadcast messages from BS to improve security of key management system. Through simulation it is shown that energy consumption of...