Sharif Digital Repository

A hybrid plasmonic-dielectric metasurface is proposed in order to manipulate beam propagation in desired manners. The metasurface is composed of patterned hybrid graphene-silicon nano-disks deposited on a low-index substrate, namely silica. It is shown that the proposed hybrid metasurface simultaneously benefits from the advantages of graphene-based metasurfaces and dielectric ones. Specially, we show that the proposed hybrid metasurface not only provides reconfigurability, just like previously proposed graphene-based metasurfaces, but also similar to dielectric metasurfaces, is of low loss and CMOS-compatible. Such exceptional features give the metasurface exceptional potentials to realize... 

A hybrid plasmonic-dielectric metasurface is proposed in order to manipulate beam propagation in desired manners. The metasurface is composed of patterned hybrid graphene-silicon nano-disks deposited on a low-index substrate, namely silica. It is shown that the proposed hybrid metasurface simultaneously benefits from the advantages of graphene-based metasurfaces and dielectric ones. Specially, we show that the proposed hybrid metasurface not only provides reconfigurability, just like previously proposed graphene-based metasurfaces, but also similar to dielectric metasurfaces, is of low loss and CMOS-compatible. Such exceptional features give the metasurface exceptional potentials to realize... 

This work is devoted to improving relativistic self-focusing of intense laser beam in underdense unmagnetized plasma. New density profiles are introduced to achieve beam width parameter up to the wavelength of the propagating laser. By investigating variations of the beam width parameter in presence of different density profiles it is found that the beam width parameter is considerably decreased for the introduced density ramp comparing with uniform density and earlier introduced density ramp profiles. By using this new density profile high intensity laser pulses are guided over several Rayleigh lengths with extremely small beam width parameter  

This study investigated the differential effects of focus-on-form (FonF: explicit instruction followed by focused tasks) and focus-on-forms (FonFS: explicit instruction followed by controlled exercises) on learning English lax vowels (i.e., /ɪ/, /ʊ/, /ʌ/) by Persian English as a foreign language (EFL) learners. To this end, 48 learners took a voluntary 6-hour course: the experimental group (n = 17) received FonF, the comparison group (n = 16) received FonFS, and the control group (n = 15) engaged in theme-based discussions with no focus on the target vowels. Learners’ pronunciations were elicited in controlled read-aloud and spontaneous picture description tasks and acoustically measured for... 

We present a novel method in which a phase mask is used to modulate a beam in order to produce a large extension in the focal depth at the focus of a lens. © 2005 Optical Society of America  

Gupta et al. [J. Opt. Soc. Am. B. 24, No. 5 (2007)] have introduced a localized upward plasma density ramp to overcome the defocusing of a laser beam. We report that there are fundamental mistakes in their work. First, the density profile formula that they have introduced is dimensionally incorrect. Second, the calculated dielectric constant is wrong as well, which renders their main spot size equation and the quantitative results unacceptable, and it seriously falters the results of the self-focusing. We correctly derived a new equation of the spot size, and the computational curves are also presented  

The rapid growth of the world-wide web poses unprecedented scaling challenges for general-purpose crawlers and search engines. A focused crawler aims at selectively seek out pages that are relevant to a pre-defined set of topics. Besides specifying topics by some keywords, it is customary also to use some exemplary documents to compute the similarity of a given web document to the topic. In this paper we Introduce a new hybride focused crawler, which uses link structure of documents as well as similarity of pages to the topic to crawl the web © 2006 HEE  

This communication addresses the focusing problem in the millimeter-wave imaging systems. We categorize the focusing problem into the frequency focusing for wideband systems and the range focusing for narrowband systems. In an out-of-focus wideband system, a shifted shadow of the object is present in the reconstruction, whereas for a range out of the focused system, the recovered images are blurred. To overcome these issues, first, we theoretically show that the defocusing variations for both categories are bounded. Then, we present a universal formulation for focusing problem, which covers both wideband and narrowband systems. As the true focused images are sharp at the boundaries of the... 

OBJECTIVES: Recent advances in the field of acoustics and piezoelectric and ultrasound transducers have led to new approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of certain diseases. One method of treatment with ultrasonic waves is high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatment, which is a thermal therapeutic method used to treat malignant tumors. Although a variety of treatment-planning strategies using ultrasonic waves have been investigated, little clinical success has been achieved. Computational modeling is a powerful tool for predicting device performance. METHODS: The heating induced by a concave transducer with operating powers of 85 and 135 W was studied, and the experimental results... 

The propagation of a Gaussian beam in underdense plasma with upward increasing density ramp is analyzed. In this work are shown that the spot size oscillations of laser beam increases and its amplitude shrinks with proper plasma density ramp. This causes the laser beam to become more focused and penetrations deep into the plasma by reduction of diffraction effect. The related focusing parameters are optimized to get the best possible focusing at the relativistic threshold intensity of Nd-glass laser and the effect of the laser intensity in the self-focusing parameters is also investigated. The analytical calculations are presented and showed more reliable results in comparison to the... 

Using the source dependent expansion method and paraxial approximation, the evolution of the beam spot size (BSS) in laser plasma interaction is investigated. Considering a collisionless mechanism, the self-focusing of a Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) light beam in a plasma medium is studied and the evolution of the BSS is solved analytically for the non-saturating nonlinearity state, and numerically for the saturating state. The self-focusing of a doughnut beam depends on the initial BSS, in which if the initial BSS gets bigger, the beam in the medium will be focused faster. We show that if the nonlinear effect of the plasma medium is saturated, the LG beam profile can remain stable and the BSS... 

Plasma focus is a copious source of electrons, ions, neutrons, and X-rays. SUT-PF is a 7 kJ Mather type plasma focus device. In order to study soft X-rays emitted by this device a bent crystal spectrometer has been designed and constructed based on Johann method. Before recording spectral lines, using a photodiode detector and a pinhole camera, optimum parameters for maximum emission of soft X-rays have been studied and registered. Results show that ionized Argon atomic lines mostly have wavelengths between 3 and 4 Å. Among them 1s2–1s2p transition with a wavelength of 3.943 Å represents the most intense line  

Inertial microfluidics is utilized as a powerful passive method for particle and cell manipulation, which uses the hydrodynamic forces of the fluid in the channel to focus particles in specific equilibrium positions in the cross section of the channel. To achieve high performance manipulation, knowledge of focusing pattern of particles in the cross section of channel is essential. In this paper, we propose a method to address this important issue. To this end, firstly inertial microfluidics is analyzed in rectangular cross section channels. The results indicate that fluid flow velocity and channel's cross-sectional profiles have great impacts on the forces exerted on particles. Next, these... 

Since the discovery of inertial focusing in 1961, numerous theories have been put forward to explain the migration of particles in inertial flows, but a complete understanding is still lacking. Recently, computational approaches have been utilized to obtain better insights into the underlying physics. In particular, fundamental aspects of particle focusing inside straight and curved microchannels have been explored in detail to determine the dependence of focusing behavior on particle size, channel shape, and flow Reynolds number. In this review, we differentiate between the models developed for inertial particle motion on the basis of whether they are semi-analytical, Navier-Stokes-based,... 

Through using a three-dimensional finitedifference time-domain (3D-FDTD) scheme, we analyze nonlinear self-focusing in air as a Kerr medium. For sufficiently intense laser beams, the gaseous medium can behave as a strong positive lens which tends to focus the beam. Our simulations' major focus is on the propagation characteristics of an intense continuous-wave laser beam. Necessary relations have been introduced into the conventional FDTD formulation to account for the nonlinear behavior of air. The results clearly indicate that sufficient amounts of optical intensity may lead to self-focusing immediately in front of the laser aperture. ©2008 IEEE  

Microfluidic experiments have found wide applications in medical sciences and engineering, such as cell separation and focusing. In the present study, focusing and separation of particles with different sizes and densities were investigated by designing inertial microfluidic devices. The microfluidic channel is designed by analyzing the induced forces on the particles. In the designing process, the objective was to focus and separate the particles in the shortest length of the channel with the lowest possible cycles and high efficiency. The simulation is then used for analyzing the two proposed geometries to evaluate their particle separation and focusing ability, named convergent and...