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ion-exchange
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Study on Immobilization of the Spent Ion Exchange Resins of Tehran Research Reactor in Borosilicate Glass
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Samadfam, Mohammad (Supervisor) ; Yadollahi, Ali (Supervisor) ; Sepehrian, Hamid (Co-Supervisor)
Abstract
Considering the operation of the current nuclear reactors and the country's policy to achieve 10,000 megawatts of nuclear power in the horizon of 1420, as well as the construction of research reactors, we will face a huge amount of radioactive waste in the coming years. Meanwhile, spent ion exchange resins constitute a large amount of low and intermediate level (LILW) solid radioactive waste produced from the nuclear industry. Therefore, appropriate precautionary measures should be taken for the immobilization and disposal of these radioactive wastes in order to ensure the sustainable development of the nuclear industry and the protection of the environment and human health. In this study,...
Recovery of uranium from UCF liquid waste by anion exchange resin CG-400: Breakthrough curves, elution behavior and modeling studies
, Article Annals of Nuclear Energy ; Volume 54 , April , 2013 , Pages 149-153 ; 03064549 (ISSN) ; Sepehrian, H ; Semnani, F ; Samadfam, M ; Sharif University of Technology
2013
Abstract
Continuous fixed-bed column studies were carried out by using Amberlite CG-400 anion exchange resin for the recovery of uranium from aqueous solutions (synthetic solutions and uranium conversion facility (UCF) liquid waste). Effects of operating parameters such as flow rate and bed height were studied. The breakthrough capacity decreases with increasing flow rate, but this dependence was not significant with a long column. The maximum breakthrough capacity of uranium ions were achieved by CG-400 resin at a flow rate of 0.2 mL min-1 and bed height 9.1 cm (4 g resin). The elution behavior of uranium from CG-400 resin by various eluents have been investigated and the results show that 0.5 mol...
Fabrication of granulated NaY zeolite nanoparticles using a new method and study the adsorption properties
, Article Powder Technology ; Volume 231 , November , 2012 , Pages 1-6 ; 00325910 (ISSN) ; Kazemeini, M ; Ahmadi, S. J ; Kazemian, H ; Sharif University of Technology
2012
Abstract
NaY zeolite nanoparticles were synthesized and shaped into the uniform spherical granules using a developed novel and simple two-step granulation technique. First, the alginate/nanozeolite or alginate/nanozeolite-bentonite spherical hybrid was successfully fabricated, and then the alginate was decomposed by calcinations resulting uniform spherical granules. To improve the mechanical stability of the prepared granules, bentonite was added as an inorganic binder at different ratios of 20wt.% to 40wt.%. Moreover, the effect of binder on the ion exchange properties of the prepared granules was studied. Increasing of binder content from 20wt.% to 40wt.% linearly enhanced the mechanical stability...
Effects of ion-exchange and hydrolysis mechanisms on lead silicate glass corrosion
, Article Corrosion ; Volume 68, Issue 9 , September , 2012 , Pages 793-800 ; 00109312 (ISSN) ; Sadrnezhaad, S. K ; Sharif University of Technology
2012
Abstract
Corrosion of lead silicate glass (LSG) contacting 0.5 M aqueous nitric acid (HNO 3) was investigated via scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma analysis, and weight-loss measurement to determine the respective contributions of the ion-exchange vs. the hydrolysis reactions. The LSG having X M ≡ Pb+K+Na/Si mole ratios of less than 0.7 showed very little weight loss with no Si network deterioration. At X M > 0.7, the mechanism changed into the hydrolysis, which caused the formation of a networkless gel layer resting at the solid/liquid interface. Addition of titania (TiO 2) and zirconia (ZrO 2) had disparate effects: X M < 0.7 improved corrosion...
Functionalized carbon nanotubes in ZnO thin films for photoinactivation of bacteria
, Article Materials Chemistry and Physics ; Volume 130, Issue 1-2 , October , 2011 , Pages 598-602 ; 02540584 (ISSN) ; Azimirad, R ; Safa, S ; Sharif University of Technology
2011
Abstract
Two types of unfunctionalized and functionalized multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were prepared to be applied in fabrication of MWCNT-ZnO nanocomposite thin films with various MWCNT contents. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicated formation of functional groups on surface of the functionalized MWCNTs in the MWCNT-ZnO nanocomposite. Formation of the effective carbonaceous bonds between the ZnO and the MWCNTs was also investigated through photoinactivation of Escherichia coli bacteria on surface of the both unfunctionalized and functionalized MWCNT-ZnO nanocomposites. The functionalized MWCNT-ZnO nanocomposites showed significantly stronger photoinactivation of the bacteria than the...
Synthesis and characterization of new biopolymeric microcapsules containing DEHPA-TOPO extractants for separation of uranium from phosphoric acid solutions
, Article Journal of Microencapsulation ; Volume 28, Issue 4 , 2011 , Pages 248-257 ; 02652048 (ISSN) ; Tayyebi, A ; Khanchi, A ; Grayeli, F ; Bagheri, G ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
A novel microcapsule adsorbent for separation of uranium from phosphoric acid solutions was developed by immobilizing the di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid-trioctyl phosphine oxide extractants in the polymeric matrix of calcium alginate. Physical characterization of the microcapsules was accomplished by scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric techniques. Equilibrium experiments revealed that both ion exchange and solvent extraction mechanisms were involved in the adsorption of ions, but the latter prevailed in a wider range of acid concentration. According to the results of kinetics study, at low acidity level, the rate controlling step was slow chemical reaction of ions with the...
A new structure to increase the photostability of CdTe quantum dot sensitized solar cells
, Article Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics ; Volume 44, Issue 4 , January , 2011 ; 00223727 (ISSN) ; Iraji zad, A ; Taghavinia, N ; Molaei, M ; Sharif University of Technology
2011
Abstract
In this paper a new cell structure is introduced to reduce the rate of CdTe corrosion in quantum dot sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs) using I -/I- 3 electrolyte. In this cell, one electrode is a titania nanorod that was sensitized with CdTe quantum dots as the working electrode. A thin gold layer is sputtered on the electrode to act as a protective layer against the I-/I- 3 corrosive electrolyte and to passivate the CdTe surface traps which are the main recombination centres in a QDSSC. In addition, a Schottky barrier formed at the interface of Au and CdTe prevents direct electron recombination from the CdTe conduction band with I- 3 ions. The mechanism of charge transfer and quantum dot...
Polymeric ionic liquid nanogel-anchored tungstate anions: A robust catalytic system for oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides
, Article New Journal of Chemistry ; Volume 39, Issue 2 , 2015 , Pages 1348-1354 ; 11440546 (ISSN) ; Nazari Chamazkoti, M ; Hosseini, S. H ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
A new heterogeneous catalytic system was prepared by immobilization of tungstate ions on a cross-linked poly(ionic liquid) nanogel. The solid nanogel was easily synthesized by a surfactant-less method. The resulting catalyst was highly active in selective oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides by H2O2. The oxidation reactions were successfully performed under solvent-free conditions affording high yields. The catalyst was recycled and reused for several reaction cycles without any significant loss of catalytic activity
Electrochemical oxidation of saccharose on copper (hydr)oxide-modified electrode in alkaline media
, Article Cuihua Xuebao/Chinese Journal of Catalysis ; Volume 31, Issue 11 , 2010 , Pages 1351-1357 ; 02539837 (ISSN) ; Rashvand Avei, M ; Danaee, I ; Gobal, F ; Mahjani, M. G ; Sharif University of Technology
2010
Abstract
A stable copper (hydr)oxide-modified electrode was prepared in 0.5 mol/L NaOH solution by cyclic voltammetry in the range of -250 to 1000 mV. It can be used for electrochemical studies in the range of -250 to 1000 mV without interfering peaks because there is no oxidation of copper. During an anodic potential sweep, the electro-oxidation of saccharose on Cu occurred by the formation of CuIII and this reaction also occurred in the early stages of the reversed cycle until it is stopped by the negative potentials. A mechanism based on the electro-chemical generation of CuIII active sites and their subsequent consumption by saccharose was proposed, and the rate law and kinetic parameters were...
Comparative studies of some heterocyclic compounds as corrosion inhibitors of copper in phosphoric acid media
, Article Chemical Engineering Communications ; Volume 197, Issue 10 , 2010 , Pages 1303-1314 ; 00986445 (ISSN) ; Arshadi, M. R ; Biglar, M ; Sharif University of Technology
2010
Abstract
Corrosion inhibition properties of some heterocyclic compounds (3-mercapto 1,2,4 triazole, benzotriazole, thiophene, and tetra hydro-thiophene) in Cu/H3PO4 medium were investigated theoretically and experimentally via cluster/polarized continuum and gravimetric approaches. Second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation and density functional theories were applied, and the electronic chemical potential, molecular softness, and extent of charge transfer were determined for inhibitor molecules at the metal/solution interface. Good correlations were observed for both theories between the calculated quantities and experimental data. To reveal the quality of metal-inhibitor interactions, comprehensive...
Visible light photo-induced antibacterial activity of CNT-doped TiO 2 thin films with various CNT contents
, Article Journal of Materials Chemistry ; Volume 20, Issue 35 , Jun , 2010 , Pages 7386-7392 ; 09599428 (ISSN) ; Azimirad, R ; Safa, S ; Larijani, M. M ; Sharif University of Technology
2010
Abstract
Carbon nanotube (CNT)-doped TiO2 thin films with various CNT contents were synthesized by sol-gel method for visible light photoinactivation of Escherichia coli bacteria. Post annealing of the CNT-doped TiO2 thin films at 450 °C resulted in anatase TiO2 and formation of Ti-C and Ti-O-C carbonaceous bonds in the film. By increasing the CNT content, the thin films could further inactivate the bacteria in the dark. Meanwhile, as the CNT content increased from zero to 40 wt% the effective optical band gap energy of the CNT-doped TiO2 thin films annealed at 450 °C decreased from 3.2-3.3 to less than ∼2.8 eV providing light absorption in the visible region. Concerning this, visible light...
Estimation of the kinetic parameters of processes at the negative plate of lead-acid batteries by impedance studies
, Article Journal of Power Sources ; Volume 195, Issue 17 , September , 2010 , Pages 5789-5793 ; 03787753 (ISSN) ; Hejabi, M ; Gobal, F ; Sharif University of Technology
2010
Abstract
Impedance characteristics of the negative electrode of lead-acid battery were derived on the basis of fundamental interfacial processes occurring at the electrode. The solution of the governing equations was presented in terms of a simple equivalent circuit consisting of resistive and capacitive loops in which charge transfer and sulfate layer formation and also mass transfer (Warburg) elements are considered. The kinetic parameters were deduced by fitting the theoretically derived impedance to the experimental data. Impedance at various States of Charge (SoC) was also examined
Effect of electron correlation in Sr(Ca)Ru1-xCrxO3: Density functional calculation
, Article Journal of Solid State Chemistry ; Volume 183, Issue 7 , 2010 , Pages 1678-1690 ; 00224596 (ISSN) ; Akhavan, M ; Sharif University of Technology
2010
Abstract
We have investigated the electronic structure of Sr(Ca)Ru1-xCrxO3 using the full potential linearized augmented plane wave method by different approximation such as LSDA and LSDA+U. The LSDA calculation suggest that Cr4+-Ru4+ hybridization is responsible for the high Curie temperature TC in SrRu1-xCrxO3, but it cannot completely describe its physical behavior. Our LSDA+U DOS results for SrRu1-xCrxO3 clearly establishes renormalization of the intra-atomic exchange strength at the Ru sites, arising from the Cr-Ru hybridization. The antiferromagnetic coupling of Cr3+ with Ru4+,5+ lattice increases the screening, which is consistent with the low magnetic moment of the Ru ions. The more distorted...
A study on the kinetics of gold nanowire electrodeposition in polycarbonate templates
, Article Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry ; Volume 645, Issue 1 , June , 2010 , Pages 28-34 ; 15726657 (ISSN) ; Dolati, A ; Ghorbani, M ; Sharif University of Technology
2010
Abstract
Electrodeposition of gold nanowires is carried out in cyanide solution in polycarbonate templates with pore diameter of 80 nm. Electrochemical methods are utilized to characterize the gold electrodeposition and to obtain the nucleation and growth mechanism. The analysis of cyclic voltammograms shows that the electrodeposition of gold nanowires takes place under diffusion control. Current transients reveal that nucleation mechanism is instantaneous with a three-dimensional growth process. The transition-time measurements show that the gold elecrodeposition occurs as one-electron valence involved in the reaction mechanism. Charge transfer coefficient is also found to be 0.67 ± 0.01. The value...
Electrochemically Assisted Photocatalytic Oxidation of Methanol on TiO2 Nanotube Arrays
, Article Journal of Materials Science and Technology ; Volume 26, Issue 6 , June , 2010 , Pages 535-541 ; 10050302 (ISSN) ; Irajizad, A ; Taghavinia, N ; Rahman, M ; Ahadian, M. M ; Sharif University of Technology
2010
Abstract
The influence of an externally applied bias on photocatalytic performance of crystallized TiO2/Ti nanotubular electrode formed by anodization in fluoride-based electrolyte were investigated and compared to the behavior of multiporous TiO2 electrode. The photoelectrocatalytic oxidation behavior of methanol over the nanotubular electrode has been studied by measuring photocurrent response, potentiodynamic polarization spectroscopy and using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). It was found that the photoelectrocatalytic oxidation and the charge transfer rate constant of reaction on TiO2/Ti nanotubular electrode can significantly be increased by applying electrochemical bias. Moreover,...
Impact of sulfate ions on wettability alteration of oil-wet calcite in the absence and presence of cationic surfactant
, Article Energy and Fuels ; Volume 30, Issue 2 , 2016 , Pages 819-829 ; 08870624 (ISSN) ; Al-Maamari, R. S ; Ayatollahi, S ; Mehranbod, N ; Sharif University of Technology
American Chemical Society
2016
Abstract
The modification of the surface wetting characteristics in fractured oil-wet carbonate reservoirs, by reversing wettability from oil-wet to water-wet, leads to improved oil recovery. However, in order to obtain a successful oil recovery process, it is crucial to understand the active mechanisms of wettability alteration. This study looks at the effect of sulfate ions as one of the most promising wettability influencing ions on the wetting properties of oil-wet calcite; the effect is studied both with and without the presence of cationic surfactant and possible mechanisms of wettability alteration are explored. A number of analytical techniques were utilized to analyze the mineral surface...
Streaming potential measurement to quantify wetting state of rocks for water based EOR, inhouse novel setup experience
, Article IOR NORWAY 2017 - 19th European Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery: Sustainable IOR in a Low Oil Price World, 24 April 2017 through 27 April 2017 ; 2017 ; 9789462822092 (ISBN) ; Jafarlou, A ; Nejadali, M ; Esmaeili, S ; Pahlavanzadeh, H ; Ayatollahi, S ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
The wetting condition of the reservoir rock is the key to the success of any EOR technique and the ultimate oil recovery. Wettability is dictated by the surface chemistry related to the interactions between the fluids and the rock surface which determines the stability of the water film between the rock and the oil phase. Streaming potential measurement is one of the electrokinetic techniques used to determine the average zeta potential of porous rock which can provide reliable information on fluid-rock interaction and wettability state of the rock surface. Streaming potential measurement has recently been introduced in the oil reservoirs applications and there are still significant...
Ion-pair extraction-reaction of calcium using Y-shaped microfluidic junctions: An optimized separation approach
, Article Chemical Engineering Journal ; Volume 334 , 2018 , Pages 2603-2615 ; 13858947 (ISSN) ; Karimi Sabet, J ; Amini, Y ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier B.V
2018
Abstract
In this research, a continuous microsolvent extraction-reaction was developed for the efficient separation of calcium ion. This study gives a preliminary possible practical application of microfluidic devices in chemical exchange reaction for enrichment of 48Ca stable isotope. For this purpose, in the first stage, the hydrodynamic behavior of two immiscible liquids in a simple Y-shaped microfluidic junction is experimentally investigated, and then ion-pair extraction-reaction of Ca2+ using picric acid as a counter-ion and dicyclohexano-18-crown-6 (DC18C6) as a lipophilic ionophore is studied in this microfluidic and conventional batch method. The impact of main process parameters, including...
Synthesis of Na-A and faujasitic zeolites from high silicon fly ash
, Article Materials Research Bulletin ; Volume 44, Issue 4 , 2009 , Pages 913-917 ; 00255408 (ISSN) ; Kazemian, H ; Kazemeini, M ; Sharif University of Technology
2009
Abstract
High silicon fly ash (HSFA) utilized as a source of silicon in synthesizing of Na-A, -X and -Y zeolites through alkali fusion followed by hydrothermal treatment at 100 °C for 12 h. Various types of zeolites with different degrees of purity were prepared by changing Si/Al ratio of the reaction mixture from 1.6 to 3.0. In addition, exact boundaries of this ratio for synthesis of each zeolite type were determined. Furthermore, the effect of NaOH amount utilized in alkaline fusion step on crystalinity of samples investigated. The synthesized zeolites were characterized using various techniques including; XRD, TGA, FTIR, SEM and BET. The ion-exchange behaviors of zeolitic samples tested with...
Study on modification of colloidal silica surface with magnesium ions
, Article Journal of Colloid and Interface Science ; 2009 , Pages 379-383 ; 00219797 (ISSN) ; Sharif University of Technology
2009
Abstract
The prepared colloidal silica via ion exchange was modified by adding Mg+2 ions in the surface growth process of colloidal silica. The particle size of the modified colloidal silica was decreased by increasing the seed concentration, whereas that of colloidal silica was slightly increased as the seeds concentration exceed 15 wt%. But the trend of changes in surface area was completely reversed. Magnesium ions on surface of the modified colloidal silica were identified by the measurement of energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS). After modifying with Mg+2 ions, the iso-electric point (IEP) of colloidal silica in pH ∼ 2 without modification, disappears over the whole pH range. © 2008...