Sharif Digital Repository

Despite the economic and environmental advantages of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), the increased utilization of PHEVs brings up new concerns for power distribution system decision makers. Impacts of PHEVs on distribution networks, although have been proven to be noticeable, have not been thoroughly investigated for future years. In this paper, a comprehensive model is proposed to study the PHEV impacts on residential distribution systems. In so doing, PHEV fundamental characteristics, i.e., PHEV battery capacity, PHEV state of charge (SOC), and PHEV energy consumption in daily trips, are accurately modeled. As some of these effective characteristics depend on vehicle owner's... 

Inter-fuel substitution in the household sector depends on whether their target energy use is similar or not. To account for the effect of end-use application on energy demand, the concept of useful energy is utilized in which energy carriers are grouped according to their end-use applications. Useful energy is assumed as a commodity demanded to satisfy needs. Therefore, it should possess certain characteristics in accordance with the nature of basic needs. These characteristics were investigated through a two-level budgeting system with demographic variables indicating rural and urban households of Iran. The model has been applied to estimate the behavioural parameters such as income and... 

One way of more efficiently utilizing the existing gas and electrical infrastructures is to consider them as one integrated system in planning and operation of energy systems. The energy hub framework is adopted to determine a modeling procedure for such multi carrier energy systems. This paper presents a residential energy hub model for a smart home. A residential combined heat and power (CHP) as a cogeneration technology, and a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle are employed in the model. Operation of the hub is optimized through a proposed optimization-based formulation. The objective is to minimize customer payment cost. Solving the problem determines how much of each energy carrier the... 

Recent developments in communication systems and protocols led to the greater attention of energy industry to future smart grids. As one of the key aspects of smart grids, demand response is a promising tool for increasing the capabilities, efficiency, and reliability of power systems. Demand response programs focus on the flexibility potentials in demand, instead of paying full attention to the efficiency of energy system infrastructures. So far, several utilities around the world have planned to realize potential benefits of flexible demand of their consumers. However, participation in most of the programs is dominated by large industrial consumers. This focus on large consumers is mostly... 

The growing worldwide demand for less polluting shapes of energy have led to a renewed interest in the use of Micro Combined Heat and Power (Micro CHP) technologies in the residential sector. Micro CHP have been introduced around Iran recently, and expected to diffuse more and more.In this paper, technical and economic studies for the use of Micro CHP in the different climate zones of Iran are executed. These zones are categorized in to five; Tehran, Rasht, Bandar Abbas, Ardebil and Yazd, based on weather conditions. Later on using an economic model, both annual energy savings and percentage of system profitability in each zone are calculated as well as reduction in annual emissions. It... 

Quasi-ultrafine (quasi-UF) particulate matter (PM0.25) and its components were measured in indoor and outdoor environments at four retirement communities in Los Angeles Basin, California, as part of the Cardiovascular Health and Air Pollution Study (CHAPS). The present paper focuses on the characterization of the sources, organic constituents and indoor and outdoor relationships of quasi-UF PM. The average indoor/outdoor ratios of most of the measured polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), hopanes, and steranes were close to or slightly lower than 1, and the corresponding indoor-outdoor correlation coefficients (R) were always positive and, for the most part, moderately strong (median R... 

Severe peak rebounds are likely in absence of a system-wide coordination among customers participating in demand response programs. This paper aims to establish a decentralized system-wide framework to coordinate demand response of residential customers in a smart grid. The objective of the framework is to modify system load profile provided that customers' payments are minimized, and their comfort and privacy are preserved. Home load management (HLM) modules, embedded in customers' smart meters are autonomous agents of the framework. The energy service provider iteratively exchanges load information with HLM modules in the hope of achieving his desired load profile. In each iteration, the... 

The purpose of this research was twofold; first, it focused on developing quantitative wastage models for rebar, concrete, brick, and cement, as major traditional bulk building materials, used in Tehran residential buildings. The primary results indicated that multiple linear regression was an apt tool to model the effects of the studied variables on materials wastage. In every developed wastage model, subtractive or accumulative effect of each studied variable was recognized by its coefficient value and sign. The developed models resulted in adjusted R2 values of 0.907, 0.875, 0.920, and 0.790, respectively, for rebar, cement, brick, and concrete waste. Cement, with average wastage of 8.57%... 

The purpose of this research was twofold; first, it focused on developing quantitative wastage models for rebar, concrete, brick, and cement, as major traditional bulk building materials, used in Tehran residential buildings. The primary results indicated that multiple linear regression was an apt tool to model the effects of the studied variables on materials wastage. In every developed wastage model, subtractive or accumulative effect of each studied variable was recognized by its coefficient value and sign. The developed models resulted in adjusted R2 values of 0.907, 0.875, 0.920, and 0.790, respectively, for rebar, cement, brick, and concrete waste. Cement, with average wastage of 8.57%... 

This paper proposes an indirect load control demand response (DR) strategy for residential houses. A Stackelberg game theory is applied to account for the interaction between the aggregator in one side and the consumers on the other side. The aggregator, which owns a wind power plant, strives to maximize wind power utilization by consumers. Therefore, it motivates the consumers to adjust their load demand according to the forecasted wind power production by offering a bonus to them. On the other hand, consumers attempt to achieve the highest amount of reward by changing their load profile. It is assumed that each consumer has a critical load of which they have no control, and also a flexible... 

The main purpose of this study is to provide the heating power for space heating and sanitary hot water for a residential house in sixteen stations located in Belgium using evacuated tube solar water (ETSW). A one-year dynamic simulation was performed using TSOL 5.5 software and Meteonorm 7.1 was used to obtain the climatic data. Technical and environmental studies as well as station rankings are the parameters that have been examined for the first time in the present study. The weighting results of using the Best-Worst method (BWM) revealed that total solar fraction and CO2 emission avoided have the highest and lowest weight, respectively. Station ranking was performed using ARAS technique... 

Optimal planning of residential complex energy systems requires thorough mathematical modelling to address the interconnections between all the energy installations from the largest ones, shared by all the residents, to the smallest ones in each distinct unit. Besides, conflicting desires of investors and residents in various aspects such as reliability index make this problem more challenging. In response, this paper presents a thorough framework to obtain the optimum design and operation of a residential complex energy system from scratch. To address the appropriate interconnection between various components of such an energy system, a multi-layer energy hub structure is proposed. Besides,...