Loading...
Search for:
salinity
0.007 seconds
Total 224 records
Impact of oil polarity on the mixing time at the pore scale in low salinity waterflooding
, Article Energy and Fuels ; Volume 34, Issue 10 , 16 September , 2020 , Pages 12247-12259 ; Mahani, H ; Ayatollahi, S ; Niasar, V ; Sharif University of Technology
American Chemical Society
2020
Abstract
The efficiency of low salinity waterflooding, particularly during tertiary mode injection, is highly controlled by in situ mixing between the stagnant regions holding high salinity water (HSW) and the flowing regions containing low salinity water (LSW) because it impacts directly the electrokinetics of wettability alteration and the time scale of the low salinity effect. This study aims to address the effects of oil polarity and charged rock surfaces on the time scale of mixing and transport under two-phase flow conditions. A systematic series of micromodel experiments were performed. The micromodels were first saturated with high salinity formation brine and oil (both model and crude oil);...
Glucose cross-linked hydrogels conjugate HA nanorods as bone scaffolds: Green synthesis, characterization and in vitro studies
, Article Materials Chemistry and Physics ; Volume 242 , 2020 ; Shafiei, N ; Mohandes, F ; Dolatyar, B ; Zandi, N ; Zeynali, B ; Simchi, A ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier Ltd
2020
Abstract
In the expanding field of tissue engineering (TE), improvement of biodegradability and osteoconductivity of biomaterials are required. The use of non-toxic reagents during manufacturing processes is also necessary to decrease toxicity and increase cell viability in vivo. Herein, we present a novel approach to prepare hydroxyapatite (HA) nanorods from sea bio-wastes through a green and eco-friendly wet-chemical processing for bone TE. Highly porous natural polymer-ceramic nanocomposites made of HA, gelatin (Ge) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) hydrogels are then introduced. It was found that cross-linking of the hydrogel matrix by glucose as a green reagent affected all characteristics of...
Effect of gas impurity on the convective dissolution of CO2 in porous media
, Article Energy ; Volume 199 , May , 2020 ; Amooie, M. A ; Rostami, B ; Bahrami, F ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier Ltd
2020
Abstract
Growing needs for energy and the essential role of fossil fuels in energy market require attempts such as carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration in saline aquifers to stabilize and mitigate atmospheric carbon concentrations. The possibility of co-injection of impurities along with CO2 allows for the direct disposal of flue gas and hence a significant reduction in the cost of CO2 sequestration projects by eliminating the separation process. In this study, the results of series of novel experiments in a high-pressure visual porous cell are reported, which allow for visually and quantitatively examining the dynamics of convective dissolution in brine-saturated porous media in the presence of an...
Influence of lakebed sediment deposit on the interaction of hypersaline lake and groundwater: A simplified case of lake Urmia, Iran
, Article Journal of Hydrology ; Volume 588 , 2020 ; Ataie Ashtiani, B ; Safaie, A ; Simmons, C. T ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier B.V
2020
Abstract
Lake Urmia, which was once the second-largest saline lake in the world, has been shrinking dramatically. Moreover, Lake Urmia has become supersaturated with total salinity averaging more than 350 g/l. Salt precipitation and dissolved materials brought by inflowing rivers have formed a layer of sediment with low hydraulic conductivity on the lakebed. Considering the flat bathymetry of Lake Urmia, we conducted a series of numerical simulation scenarios to study the groundwater flow pattern in the vicinity of the hypersaline Lake Urmia using COMSOL Multiphysics®. In the first step, we performed the simulations in steady-state conditions. Secondly, we simulated the lake level fall in 10 years at...
Producing water from saline streams using membrane distillation: Modeling and optimization using CFD and design expert
, Article International Journal of Energy Research ; Volume 44, Issue 11 , 2020 , Pages 8841-8853 ; Rezakazemi, M ; Younas, M ; Sharif University of Technology
John Wiley and Sons Ltd
2020
Abstract
Due to the increasing need for drinking water in the world, various membrane processes have been developing significantly over the past several years. The process of membrane distillation is one of the non-isothermal processes that cause steam to pass from the membrane due to the difference in temperature and the resulting difference in vapor pressure. Due to the lack of precision in the amount of flux and thermal efficiency in various operating conditions the membrane distillation process still needs development. This article attempted to examine the effects of flowrate, temperature, and module length on the performance of the membrane distillation process using computational fluid dynamics...
Advanced oil recovery by high molar mass thermoassociating graft copolymers
, Article Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering ; Volume 192 , 2020 ; Shirazi, M ; Sheng, J. J ; Agirre, A ; Fernandez, M ; Tomovska, R ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier B.V
2020
Abstract
The chemical, thermal, and mechanical degradation of polymer chains under high salinity, temperature, and shear rates in oil reservoirs are the current challenges of the polymer flooding process. To answer such a complex requirement, recently, acrylamide (AM)-based thermoassociating graft copolymers (TAP) were synthesized that presented excellent performance as a viscosity enhancer, especially under high temperature and salinity conditions. The purpose of this study was to further investigate the effect of salinity, shear rate, mechanical strength, and adsorption of these TAPs on viscosity-enhancing performance at different temperatures. Finally, the performance of the TAPs was studied in...
In vitro bactericidal and drug release properties of vancomycin-amino surface functionalized bioactive glass nanoparticles
, Article Materials Chemistry and Physics ; Volume 241 , 2020 ; Ghorbani, M ; Bagheri, K.P ; Shokrgozar, M. A ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier Ltd
2020
Abstract
Bioactive glass has been used clinically in bone repair applications for bone grafting because of its prominent physiochemical and osteogenic properties. Various attempts have been made to enhance bioactive glass efficiency in combination with other biomaterials such as antibiotics and growth factors. In present study, we developed a modification of bioactive glass nanoparticles that insured long term antibacterial effect. Bioactive glass nanoparticles (BGNs) were functionalized with (3-Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTS), then vancomycin (VAN) was immobilized onto BGNs-APTS via EDC/NHS cross-linking process. Another study group namely BGNs-VAN was synthesized as a control group without any...
Water allocation for wetland environmental water requirements: The case of Shadegan wetland, Jarrahi catchment, Iran
, Article World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2006: Examining the Confluence of Environmental and Water Concerns, Omaha, NE, 21 May 2006 through 25 May 2006 ; 2007 ; 0784408564 (ISBN); 9780784408568 (ISBN) ; Tajrishy, M ; Sharif University of Technology
2007
Abstract
The Shadegan Wetland is a Ramsar-listed wetland in the south-west of Iran at the head of the Persian Gulf. It is the largest wetland of Iran covering about 400,000 hectares. The wetland plays a significant hydrological and ecological role in the natural functioning of the northern Gulf. It also supports a very diverse flora and fauna and is the most important site in the world for Marbled Teal. The water regime is threatened by upstream abstraction of water for irrigation and the saline discharge from sugar cane industries and irrigation schemes. This will result in an overall reduction in wetland water quantity and quality, leading to a change in plant community composition. This paper...
The impacts of silica nanoparticles coupled with low-salinity water on wettability and interfacial tension: Experiments on a carbonate core
, Article Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology ; Volume 41, Issue 8 , 2020 , Pages 1159-1173 ; Jamialahmadi, M ; Esmaeilzadeh, F ; Wood, D. A ; Ghazanfari, M. H ; Sharif University of Technology
Taylor and Francis Inc
2020
Abstract
Two main reservoir mechanisms that impact oil recovery factors are wettability alteration and interfacial tension (IFT) change. In this study, these two key mechanisms are evaluated experimentally for samples from the Asmari (carbonate) oil reservoir utilizing silica nanoparticles in the presence of low-salinity water. The nanofluid, rock formation and crude oil samples were prepared meticulously to ensure meaningful experimental could be conducted over a range of low-salinity conditions. The results show that across the range of salinities studied, the absolute value of zeta potential of nanofluids decreases with increasing total dissolved solids (TDS) in the water treated with silica...
Revisiting bathymetry dynamics in Lake Urmia using extensive field data and high-resolution satellite imagery
, Article Journal of Hydrology ; Volume 603 , 2021 ; 00221694 (ISSN) ; Bayati, M ; Tajrishy, M ; Chehrenegar, B ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier B.V
2021
Abstract
Bathymetric mapping for an accurate estimation of stored water volume in drying lakes is a key information for an effective monitoring of their recession or restoration status. Extraction of bathymetry in shallow saline lakes using remote sensing techniques has always been challenging due to the complex influences imposed by the physical properties of substrate and the spatial variability of salinity. In this study, we developed a machine learning-based model to quantify the implicit, non-linear relationship between water depth and surface reflectance by leveraging extensive in-situ data and high-resolution satellite imagery. We trained and tested the learning model in the hyper-saline Lake...
The effect of brine salinity and oil components on dynamic IFT behavior of oil-brine during low salinity water flooding: Diffusion coefficient, EDL establishment time, and IFT reduction rate
, Article Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering ; Volume 196 , 2021 ; 09204105 (ISSN) ; Ayatollahi, S ; Fatemi, M ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier B.V
2021
Abstract
Dynamic behavior of fluid-fluid interactions can potentially affect the performance of any enhanced oil recovery (EOR) process including low salinity water flooding. In this work, dynamic interfacial tension (IFT) of crude-oil/brine system is measured in a wide range of salinity of sea water (SW), from 50-time diluted sea water (SW50D) to 2-time concentrated sea water (SW2C). Contrary to the most of published IFT trends in the literature, for the system under investigation here, as the brine salinity increases the crude-oil/brine IFT reduces, which cannot be explained using the existing theories. The lack of a physical model to explain the observed phenomena was the motivation to develop a...
A new pre-concentration scheme for brine treatment of MED-MVC desalination plants towards low-liquid discharge (LLD) with multiple self-superheating
, Article Energy ; Volume 225 , 2021 ; 03605442 (ISSN) ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier Ltd
2021
Abstract
Multi-effect distillation units discard brine at high volume to the environment which results in numerous environmental pollutions, low thermodynamic performance, high exergy destruction rate, and high unit cost for the fresh water. This study aims at introducing a new method of pre-treatment for the brine discarded from each stage of the desalination plant to increase its concentration. The new method per-concentrates the brine by superheating the steam produced in the previous stage via recovering valuable thermal heat of the same effect. Due to a low temperature difference between the heat sink and heat source of this self-superheating scheme (i.e., the temperature difference between the...
Pore scale visualization of fluid-fluid and rock-fluid interactions during low-salinity waterflooding in carbonate and sandstone representing micromodels
, Article Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering ; Volume 198 , 2021 ; 09204105 (ISSN) ; Fatemi, M ; Masihi, M ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier B.V
2021
Abstract
Low Salinity Waterflooding (LSWF) has become a popular tertiary injection EOR method recently. Both fluid-fluid and fluid-rock interactions are suggested as the contributing mechanisms on the effectiveness of LSWF. Considering the contradictory remarks in the literature, the dominating mechanisms and necessary conditions for Low Salinity Effect (LSE) varies for different crude oil-brine-rock (CBR) systems. The aim of the present study is to investigate LSE for an oil field in the Middle East that is composed of separate sandstone and limestone layers. Contact angles and Interfacial Tension (IFT) are measured to have more insight on the CBR under investigation. Visual experiments were...
Increasing risk of meteorological drought in the Lake Urmia basin under climate change: Introducing the precipitation–temperature deciles index
, Article Journal of Hydrology ; Volume 592 , 2021 ; 00221694 (ISSN) ; Najafi, M. R ; Abrishamchi, A ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier B.V
2021
Abstract
Meteorological droughts due to the concurrent occurrence of low-precipitation and high-temperature events can lead to severe negative impacts on agriculture, economy, ecosystem, and society. This study proposes a novel framework to characterize such drought conditions based on the joint variability of precipitation–temperature, particularly under climate change. Generalized hierarchical linear model is used to downscale precipitation and temperature at multiple stations from the outputs of nine General Circulation Models (GCMs) under Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) 4.5 and 8.5. A bivariate drought index called Precipitation–Temperature Deciles Index (PTDI) is developed using...
Pore-doublet computational fluid dynamic simulation of the effects of dynamic contact angle and interfacial tension alterations on the displacement mechanisms of oil by low salinity water
, Article International Journal of Multiphase Flow ; Volume 143 , 2021 ; 03019322 (ISSN) ; Fatemi, M ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier Ltd
2021
Abstract
Using our recently developed model, for the first time in the literature, the effect of fluid/fluid and rock/fluid interactions on the performance of Low Salinity Waterflooding (LSWF, as an Enhanced Oil Recovery process) at pore-doublet scale is investigated. The model is incorporated into OpenFOAM and both the Navier-Stokes equation for oil/water two-phase flow and the advection-diffusion equation for ion transport (at both fluid/fluid and rock/fluid interface) are solved via direct numerical simulation (DNS). The model is validated against imbibition and drainage pore-doublet experiments reported in the literature, and then applied to investigate the sole effect of wettability alteration...
Increasing risk of meteorological drought in the Lake Urmia basin under climate change: Introducing the precipitation–temperature deciles index
, Article Journal of Hydrology ; Volume 592 , 2021 ; 00221694 (ISSN) ; Najafi, M. R ; Abrishamchi, A ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier B.V
2021
Abstract
Meteorological droughts due to the concurrent occurrence of low-precipitation and high-temperature events can lead to severe negative impacts on agriculture, economy, ecosystem, and society. This study proposes a novel framework to characterize such drought conditions based on the joint variability of precipitation–temperature, particularly under climate change. Generalized hierarchical linear model is used to downscale precipitation and temperature at multiple stations from the outputs of nine General Circulation Models (GCMs) under Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) 4.5 and 8.5. A bivariate drought index called Precipitation–Temperature Deciles Index (PTDI) is developed using...
Pore-doublet computational fluid dynamic simulation of the effects of dynamic contact angle and interfacial tension alterations on the displacement mechanisms of oil by low salinity water
, Article International Journal of Multiphase Flow ; Volume 143 , 2021 ; 03019322 (ISSN) ; Fatemi, M ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier Ltd
2021
Abstract
Using our recently developed model, for the first time in the literature, the effect of fluid/fluid and rock/fluid interactions on the performance of Low Salinity Waterflooding (LSWF, as an Enhanced Oil Recovery process) at pore-doublet scale is investigated. The model is incorporated into OpenFOAM and both the Navier-Stokes equation for oil/water two-phase flow and the advection-diffusion equation for ion transport (at both fluid/fluid and rock/fluid interface) are solved via direct numerical simulation (DNS). The model is validated against imbibition and drainage pore-doublet experiments reported in the literature, and then applied to investigate the sole effect of wettability alteration...
Enhanced active/barrier corrosion protective properties of epoxy coatings containing eco-friendly green inorganic/organic hybrid pigments based on zinc cations/Ferula Asafoetida leaves
, Article Journal of Molecular Liquids ; Volume 323 , 2021 ; 01677322 (ISSN) ; Ghaderi, S ; Sadeghi, M ; Gorji, B ; Ahmadijokani, F ; Ramazani Saadatabadi, A ; Mahdavian, M ; Arjmand, M ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier B.V
2021
Abstract
In this study, a novel inorganic/organic hybrid pigment based on zinc cations/Ferula Asafoetida leaves extract (Zn-FALE) was synthesized, and its corrosion protection properties were investigated in a saline solution and an organic coating. Interactions of components between Zn2+ cations and FALE were assessed by thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and ultraviolet-visible (UV–visible) spectroscopy. Corrosion inhibitive performance of FALE and Zn-FALE pigments in the solution phase and coating phase was studied using potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). TGA and UV–visible results revealed the proper chelation between inorganic and organic components of...
Experimental evaluation of the effect of boulders and fines in biodegradable organic materials on the improvement of solar stills
, Article Solar Energy ; Volume 247 , 2022 , Pages 453-467 ; 0038092X (ISSN) ; Behshad Shafii, M ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier Ltd
2022
Abstract
In this research, for the first time, the effect of primary particles (boulders) and secondary particles (fines) in organic mixtures of coffee, black walnut hull, madder, and tea (which are cheap, abundant, and biodegradable) on the improvement of solar stills' daily efficiency is evaluated as an alternative to metal-based nanofluids. A laboratory still simulator is utilised under laboratory conditions to measure the organic mixture's behaviour accurately. Furthermore, the effect of the concentration of organic mixtures and the particle size of organic materials are investigated, as well as the effect of boulders and fines, independently. In addition, two identical solar still systems are...
Quantifying the uncertainty of lake-groundwater interaction using the forward uncertainty propagation framework: The case of Lake Urmia
, Article Journal of Hydrology ; Volume 610 , 2022 ; 00221694 (ISSN) ; Danesh Yazdi, M ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier B.V
2022
Abstract
The interaction between a lake and groundwater has important implications to the quantity and quality of water in both environments. Quantification of lake-groundwater interaction (LGI) has been challenging in regions with limited in-situ data. LGI can be quantified by physically-based models, direct measurement of seepage, measurements of conservative chemical or isotopic tracers, and lake water balance. Despite the accuracy of the methods based on hydrochemical or isotopic measurements and analysis, they require extensive field data that are costly to collect in large lakes. Instead, the data required to quantify LGI by the lake water budget method can be obtained via typical ground...