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Investigating the Electrochemical Behavior of Co-Zn Sulfides and Hydroxides on Copper Oxide Nano-structures Grown on Copper Foam for Application in Electrochemical Supercapacitors
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Shahrokhian, Saeed (Supervisor)
Abstract
In the first part, Co-Zn hydroxides were deposited onto CuO nanorods, and their electrochemical behavior and capacitive performance were investigated. To this end, Cu(OH)2 nanorods were grown on copper foam through a chemical process. Then, Cu(OH)2 were converted to CuO nanorods via a calcination process. In the next step, Co-Zn-OH sheets were electrodeposited on CuO nanorods. FE-SEM images of the prepared electrodes demonstrate the formation of Co-Zn-OH nanosheets onto CuO nanorods. Crucial electrochemical evaluations such as cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge/discharge (GCD), rate capability, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were carried out. According to the...
Investigation of Aligned Carbon Nanotubes Modified by Platinum Nanoparticles as Hydrogen Sulfide Sensor
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Dolati, Abolghasem (Supervisor) ; Ghorbani, Mohamad (Supervisor)
Abstract
The present research describes sensing behavior of modified aligned carbon nanotubes toward detection of hydrogen sulfide. Aligned carbon nanotubes were grown on etched stainless steel by thermal chemical vapor deposition. Obtained CNTs have curved closed tips and bamboo like structure. Purification of carbon nanotubes were performed by electrochemical oxidation of CNTs. Potential cycling was applied on grown CNTs in different acid solutions and 0.2 M sulfuric acid was chosen to oxidize the CNTs. Carboxylic functional groups were produced by electrochemical oxidation of CNTs and can be observed in FTIR studies. These groups enhanced the electrochemical properties of electrodes and may act as...
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Bagherzadeh, Reza (Supervisor)
Abstract
catalyzed oxidation of organic compounds such as olefins, sulfides, benzylics alcohols and phenolics. Cyanide-catalyzed aldimine coupling was employed to senthesize compounds with a-imineamine structural motifs : 2,3-di-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2-dihydroquinoxaline, that way for synthesized NONO tetra-dentate Schiff-base ligands. With attention to solid geometry these ligands are possible to synthesize homo and hetronuclear mixed-ligand complexes. we are also synthesized homonuclear mixed-ligand Mn(III) and hetronuclear Mn(III)-Fe(III) with tetradentate Schiff-base ligand quinoxaline and acetyl acetone ligand. These complexes and ligands are characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, UV and...
The stereoselective synthesis of the tetrahydrothiopyranolr ,Y'-blindole skeletons via tandem reaction of indoline- r-thiones to Baylis-Hillman adduct acetates & Silica-Supported DABCO-tribromide: A New, Versatile and Recyclable Catalyst for the Chemoselective Oxidation of Sulfides to Sulfoxides and Oxidative Coupling of Thiols into Disulfides
,
M.Sc. Thesis
Sharif University of Technology
;
Matloubi Moghaddam, Firouz
(Supervisor)
Abstract
We have reported a new and efficient synthesis of tetrahydrothiopyrano [2,3-b]indole skeletons via unique tandem reaction of indoline-2-thiones to Baylis-Hillman adduct acetates. This protocol is a very mild and simple method for construction heterocycles in a one-step process. This is a convenient and diastereoselective synthesis of methyl 4-aryl-2,3,4,9-tetrahydrothiopyrano[2,3-b]indole-3-carboxylate systems in the presence of K2CO3 in acetonitrile. The major benefits of the current study are the one-pot procedure, high yields and diastereoselectivity, short reaction times and the similarity of the products to the biologically active moieties.
In addition 1, 4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2]...
In addition 1, 4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2]...
Preparation and Properties of Zinc Sulfide Nanoparticles Doped with Manganese
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Mohammadi Boghaei, Davar (Supervisor)
Abstract
The optical properties of semiconductor nanoparticles are dependent on their size. Then, the important problem in synthesized semiconductor nanoparticles is controllable of their size. In this research ZnS nanoparticles were synthesized by hydrothermal method and taguchi design of experiments and study on effect of solvent, reaction temperature and molar precursor ratio on band gap and particle size of ZnS . The UV-Vis spectrum was carried out for measurement of band gap and the size of nanoparticles by using the effective mass approximation. The X-ray diffraction patterns exhibited a cubic zinc blende structure for the nanoparticles. The ZnS:Mn +2 nanoparticles werw synthesized. With...
Preparation of Nanocomposites from Carbon Nanostructures and Transtion Metal Oxides and their use in Preparation of Hybrid Electrochemical Capacitors
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Shahrokhian, Saeed (Supervisor)
Abstract
In the first part, we report a new and simple procedure for preparing reduced graphene oxide /nickel, cobalt hydroxide composite (Ni,Co-OH/rGO/NF via a fast and simple two-step electrochemical method including potentiostatic routes in the presence of Cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide )CTAB( as a cationic surfactant. In the first step, a piece of nickel foam (NF) is sonicated in a suspension of graphene oxide (GO, 6 mg/L) after dried in an oven, reduced by electrochemically. After that, Ni, Co LDH were co-deposited on the surface of rGO/NF. The resulting modified electrode afforded extremely high specific capacitance of 2133.3 F/g at a current density of 4 A g-1. FE-SEM results showed that...
Experimental Determination & Thermodynamic Modeling of Solubility of Gases in Ionic Liquids
,
M.Sc. Thesis
Sharif University of Technology
;
Ghotbi, Cyrus
(Supervisor)
;
Behzadi, Bahman
(Supervisor)
;
Jalili, Amir Hossein
(Supervisor)
;
Ahmadi, Amir Naser
(Co-Advisor)
Abstract
Ionic liquids (IL's) are found to be potentially suitable solvents for the chemical process industry, especially due to their negligible vapor pressure which can result in a major decrease of solvent loss and the environmental harm. One of the foreseeable industrial applications in the field of natural gas processing is the replacement of traditional organic solvents (usually alkanol amines) presently used for the absorption of H2S from sour gases, by suitable IL's. Ionic liquids have been proposed for the separation of gas mixtures. In particular, ionic liquids have been suggested for the removal of the acid gases, hydrogen sulfide, and carbon dioxide, from natural gases and refinery gases....
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Gholami, Mohammad Reza (Supervisor)
Abstract
Nanosized CdS coupled TiO2 nanocrystals were prepared by a microemulsion-mediated Hydrothermal method at relatively low temperatures. Modification of this nanocomposite with Tyrosine,Phenylalanine,Glysine and Glutamate ,especially Tyrosine resulted in enhanced photocatalytic degradation rate of Nitrobenzene( NB ) compared to using CdS-TiO2 under visible light irradiation. The prepared samples were characterized by BET,SEM, XRD, UV–Vis spectroscopy ,FTIR .It was found which have high surface area about 470 m2 g−1 and mesoporous character with the average pore diameter of 2.8 nm.The results showed this nanocomposite consisted of uniform anatase TiO2 with highly dispersed cubic phase CdS...
Fabrication of Nanocomposite Modified Materials Based on Bi-Metalic Transition Metal Sulfide Using Copper (I) Oxide Nanospheres as a Catalytic Substrate for Designation of Amperometric Non-Enzymatic Hydrazine and Hydrogen peroxide Sensors
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Shahrokhian, Saeed (Supervisor)
Abstract
In this study, transition metal sulfide, with a high accessible surface and abundant electroactive centers, was used as an electrocatalyst to fabrication an electrochemical sensor of hydrazine and hydrogen peroxide. the direct growth of thin film of nanocomposite can be considered as an efficient method to modify the electrode surface, and the application of these modified electrodes as electrochemical sensors. the cobalt iron sulfide (CoFeS) nanosheets were directly grown on Cu2O nanospheres in order to design hierarchical nanocomposite by using efficient, inexpensive and fast method. Here, Cu2O nanospheres not only served as substrate, but also steer the CoFeS to attach on nanospheres...
Preparation and Characterization of Nanocrystalline One-dimensional Cadmium Sulfides by Solvothermal Process for Solar Cell Application
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Mohammadi, Mohammad Reza (Supervisor)
Abstract
One-dimensional (1D) cadmium sulfide (CdS), nanostructures have significant potential applications in solar cells, photocatalysts and many electronic devices. There are many experimental approaches to synthesis 1D CdS nanostructures. Among them solvothermal method has many advantage such as controllable and inexpensive method. 1D CdS nanostructures with different properties in morphology, crystal structure, band gap energy and etc can be obtained by controlling solvothermal processing parameters. In the present work the effect of solvothermal processing parameters including reaction temperature (120ºC ,160ºC and 200ºC), process time (12h, 48h and 72h), sulfur source (S powder, Thiourea and...
Synthesis, Characterization and Modeling of Active Sites in Dinuclear Metalloenzymes
, Ph.D. Dissertation Sharif University of Technology ; Mohammadi Boghaei, Davar (Supervisor)
Abstract
In order to have more understanding of the cooperative effect between the metal centers in the multimetallic complexes, on their physicochemical properties and chemical reactivity, some new bi- and tetra-nuclear Cu(II), Ni(II) and Pd(II) complexes of compartmental binucleating ligands were synthesized and characterized. In this study, a series of new compartmental binucleating thiophenol-based proligands PL1-PL4 from the Schiff base condensation of 2 equiv. of o-aminophenol or 2-amino-4-methylphenol with 1 equiv. of 2,6-diformyl-4-alkyl- thiocarbamoyl were synthesized and characterized. New Bi- and tetra-nuclear copper (II) complexes derived from these binucleating compartmental...
Using of SnS2 Nanostructured Layer as an Electron Transport Layer in the Perovskite Solar Cells
, Ph.D. Dissertation Sharif University of Technology ; Mahdavi, Mohammad (Supervisor) ; Taghavinia, Nima (Supervisor) ; Mohammadpour, Raheleh (Co-Supervisor)
Abstract
In this research, we focus on study and investigation of the role of Tin(IV) Sulfide (SnS2) nanostructured layer as electron transport layer in perovskite and chalcogenide thin film solar cells. For this purpose, SnS2 powder was prepared through hydro/solvo-thermal method, utilizing different ratios of water and ethanol as solvent and various sulfur sources (thioacetamide and thiourea). Afterwards, different solvents were investigated to achieve a stable ink (about one month) with uniform dispersion. After determining the appropriate ink and powder, thin films of SnS2 were prepared employing spin coating, spray pirolysis and laser pulsed deposition (PLD) methods and characterized. With each...
Synthesis of Chloro Oxo (Tetraphenylporphyrinato) Vanadium(V) and Oxo (tetraphenylporphyrinato) Vanadium(IV) and Their Applications as a Catalyst for Oxidation of Sulfides and Epoxidation of Alkenes; Optimization of Reaction Condition by Response Surface Methodology (RSM)
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Bagherzadeh, Mojtaba (Supervisor)
Abstract
Petroleum contains a large variety of metal compounds with vanadium and nickel being the major metals. Some 6–34% of the total vanadium content is made up out of metallo-oxo-porphyrins, also referred to as petroporphyrins. Metalloporphyrins have long excited interest as oxidation and epoxidation catalysts. In the other hand the selective oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides is of interest because of the importance of sulfoxides as synthetic intermediates in organic synthesis. A range of sulfides can be selectively oxidized to the corresponding sulfoxides in good yields using catalytic quantities of vanadyl complexes. Vanadium oxo tetraphenylporphyrin VO(TPP) catalyst is successfully applied...
Immobilazation of Manganese-Porphyrin Complex on Magnetic Nanoparticles and its Application as a Catalyst for the Epoxidation of Olefins and Oxidation of Sulfides
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Bagherzadeh, Mojtaba (Supervisor)
Abstract
The goal of this study is to synthesise and study the catalytic properties of a Mn-Porphyrin complex fixed on a magnetic nanoparticle bed. This nanocatalyst was used in oxidation of sulfides and epoxylation of olefin. In the multistage synthesis of this catalyst, iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles were first prepared, then, by silanizing these nanoparticles, and then using the 3-chloropropyltrimethoxy methanol reactor, Immobilzation the material on the substrate and immediately react in reaction Substitution of the nucleus of friendship and using a sodium azide reaction, bromide is replaced by azide. Subsequently, by synthesising 4-hydroxy porphyrin and replacing one of its positions with...
Micro-Channel Fabrication and Evaluation to Remove Mercaptan from Gas Streams
, Ph.D. Dissertation Sharif University of Technology ; Kazemeini, Mohammad (Supervisor) ; Mohammadi, Ali Asghar (Supervisor) ; Rashidi, Alimorad (Supervisor)
Abstract
Due to the potential risk of sulfur compounds in fossil fuels and according to today’s regulations, sulfur content should be kept as low as possible, e.g., below 5 ppm. Mercaptans are one of the sulfur components in natural gas. Scope of this research defined as catalytic removal of ethyl mercaptan from the gas stream. For this purpose, two microreactor systems placed in series. In the first microreactor, catalytic decomposition of ethyl mercaptan has been investigated. In the first step of this survey, a microreactor with 24 microchannels with a newly designed distributor has been developed with a computational fluid dynamic technique. in comparison to the conventional triangular...
Study of Effective Parameters on Roasting of Zinc Sulphide in a Fluidized Bed Reactor
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Halali, Mohammad (Supervisor)
Abstract
In this study, four parameters were investigated including temperature, inlet flow rate, gas composition (oxygen) and particle size on the roasting of Bama company zinc sulfide concentrate in Fluidized bed reactor. Initially, primary sample was heated in electric furnace at 125℃ for 24 hours until the moisture content dried. Then roasting operation was done at 700 and 900℃. The operation was carried out on three range of particle size including 300-500, 500-700 and 700-1000 microns and flow rate was greater than the minimum flow rate of Fluencing. To investigate the effect of flow rate and gas composition input, 500-700 micron particle size range was selected. The effect of 155, 172 and 188...
Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants in the Presence of Nanocomposites Based on Graphitic Carbon Nitride under Visible Light Illumination
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Hamzehlouyan, Tayebeh (Supervisor) ; Rahman Setayesh, Shahrbanoo (Co-Supervisor)
Abstract
The susceptible light-harvesting and tremendous reduction capability along with the potentiality (photo)electrochemical merits of the thiospinels like CuCo2S4 (CCS) bring forth appreciably an advancement in efficacious photocatalytic reactions. However, scant oxidation potential originated from 3p orbitals of sulfur atoms puts a damper on their performance and is even conducive to self-oxidation. In this research, the surfactant/template free of hierarchical CCS thiospinels was synthesized using solvothermal sulfidation of the affordable glycerate-based CuCo-alkoxide and successfully was embedded with Z-scheme V2O5 deposited on wrinkled g-C3N4 lamella (VO-UCN) in the interest of developing...
Design, Construction and Investigation of the Behavior of Electrocatalysts Based on Some Transition Multi Metals Nanostructures toward Electrochemical Water Splitting
, Ph.D. Dissertation Sharif University of Technology ; Shahrokhian, Saeed (Supervisor)
Abstract
Energy and the environment issues are among the most important concerns of the present age. Global demand for energy is growing rapidly and energy demand is projected to double within the next 15 years. However, today most of the energy consumption comes from fossil fuels, which have limited and unstable reserves and are among the sources of environmental pollution. Hence, the production and conversion of clean energy from renewable sources is considered as an intelligent solution to significantly reduce dependence on fossil fuels and protect the environment. Fuel cells, metal-air batteries, and water electrolysis are among the simplest, most efficient, and most reliable technologies among...
The investigation of Odor Producing Factors in Kish Island Refineries and Sewage Collection System
,
M.Sc. Thesis
Sharif University of Technology
;
Hashemian, Jamal
(Supervisor)
Abstract
From the main factors causing an unpleasant odor can refer to indoles, askatels, mercaptans, some volatile organic compounds, sulfide hydrogen, ammonia, and the number of odor-causing compounds, which are also found in the wastewater facilities and sometimes produce unpleasant odors. Meanwhile, ammonia (Pungent and irritating odor) and sulfide hydrogen (colorless poisonous gas with the odor of rotten eggs) can be presented as major factors in sewage odor.
Several factors are involved in the foul-smelling hydrogen sulfide gas collection system and wastewater treatment. A few of them include numerous sewage pumping stations, selected the appropriate gradient in the collection system,...
Several factors are involved in the foul-smelling hydrogen sulfide gas collection system and wastewater treatment. A few of them include numerous sewage pumping stations, selected the appropriate gradient in the collection system,...
Surface Passivation of PbS Colloidal Quantum Dots for Photovoltaic Applications
, Ph.D. Dissertation Sharif University of Technology ; Simchi, Abdolreza (Supervisor) ; Ashuri, Hossein (Supervisor)
Abstract
Solution-processed quantum dots (QDs) have attracted significant attention for the low-cost fabrication of optoelectronic devices. Here, we synthesized PbS QDs via hot injection method and passivated the trap states by using short thiols and dopant elements for photovoltaic application. In order to study the effect of dopants on photovoltaic application, PbS QDs were doped by using three different cations: Cadmium, Calcium, and Zinc. The results showed that Cd dopant has a better improvement than Ca and Zn dopants in order to increase the efficiency of the PbS QDs solar cells. We achieved solar power conversion efficiencies of 5.81% using Cd therapy. Recently, hybrid nanocomposites...