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The production routing problem (PRP) merges the lot-sizing problem and the vehicle routing problem, two classical problems that have been the focus of comprehensive studies for over half a century. Solving the PRP is an effort to optimize decisions about the production, inventory, distribution, and routing in an integrated manner. In the literature of the recent decade, due to economic changes and regulatory issues, reverse logistics has become a focal point. Subsequently, the vehicle routing problem with simultaneous pickup and delivery (VRPSPD) has drawn more and more attention for its considerable effect on the reverse logistics problem. In addition, one of the major arguments in supply... 

Supply chain management integrates planning and controlling of materials, information, and finances in a process which begins from suppliers and ends with customers. Optimal planning decisions made in such a distribution network usually include transportation, facilities location, and inventory. This study presents a new approach for considering customers’ differentiation in an integrated location-allocation and inventory control model using transfer recurrent neural network (RNN). In this study, a location and allocation problem is integrated with inventory control decisions considering two classes of strategic and non-strategic customers. For the first time, a novel transfer RNN is applied... 

Supply Chain (SC) coordination, quality requirements, and environmental issues are the main areas of interest within the field of inventory management. Few studies have integrated these concepts into an inventory problem despite its overwhelming necessity. In this direction, this paper deals with a vendor-buyer SC under the Vendor-Managed Inventory with Consignment Stock (VMI-CS) agreement. According to the agreement, the vendor bears the buyer's financial holding cost in return for the storage of products in the buyer's warehouse. Further, each shipment involves a random fraction of repairable items, which need to be withdrawn from the inventory system. Unlike the existing literature, when... 

The rapid growth in the supply chain of electronic devices has led companies to purchase Intellectual Property or Integrated Circuits from unreliable sources. This dispersion in the design to fabrication stages of IP/IC has led to new attacks called hardware Trojans. Hardware Trojans can bargain information, reduce performance, or cause failure. Various methods have been introduced to detect or prevent hardware Trojans. Machine learning methods are one of these. Selecting the type and number of input variables in the learning algorithm has an important role in the performance of the learning model. Some previous hardware Trojan detection studies have used structural gate-level features to... 

Speed and price are the two most important factors in customer satisfaction and business success in today's competitive environment. Time-based product differentiation and segment pricing have provided firms with a great opportunity to profit enhancement. This paper presents a coding system for pricing/queuing models in the literature. In this article, a service/make-to-order firm with heterogeneous price and delivery time-sensitive customers as an M/M/1 queuing system is analyzed. The firm uses customers' heterogeneity to create market segments. Products offered to each segment differ only in price and delivery time. The objective of this profit-maximizing firm is to determine optimal... 

The development of technologies such as micro turbines and gas furnaces has been the major driving force towards integration of electricity and natural gas networks in the EH (energy hubs). Besides, the existing power grids are getting smarter by implementing the new generation of information technologies and communication systems. In smart grid, the electricity suppliers can modify the customers' electrical load consumption by employing appropriate scheduling schemes such as DR (demand response) programs. In this paper, we consider the S. E. Hubs (smart energy hubs) framework, in which the customers can use EMS (energy management system) to access to the electricity and natural gas prices... 

In this paper, a multiproduct single-machine production system under economic production quantity (EPQ) model is studied in which the existence of only one machine causes a limited production capacity for the common cycle length of all products, the production defective rates are random variables, shortages are allowed and take a combination of backorder and lost sale, and there is a service rate constraint for the company. The aim of this research is to determine the optimal production quantity, the allowable shortage level, and the period length of each product such that the expected total cost, including holding, shortage, production, setup and defective items costs, is minimized. The...