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Seasonal variations in the oxidative stress and inflammatory potential of PM2.5 in Tehran using an alveolar macrophage model; The role of chemical composition and sources
, Article Environment International ; Volume 123 , 2019 , Pages 417-427 ; 01604120 (ISSN) ; Antkiewicz, D. S ; Hemming, J. D. C ; Shafer, M. M ; Lai, A. M ; Arhami, M ; Hosseini, V ; Schauer, J. J ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier Ltd
2019
Abstract
The current study was designed to assess the association between temporal variations in urban PM2.5 chemical composition, sources, and the oxidative stress and inflammatory response in an alveolar macrophage (AM) model. A year-long sampling campaign collected PM2.5 samples at the Sharif University in Tehran, Iran. PM-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was measured both with an acellular dithiothreitol consumption assay (DTT-ROS; ranged from 2.1 to 9.3 nmoles min−1 m−3) and an in vitro macrophage-mediated ROS production assay (AM-ROS; ranged from 125 to 1213 μg Zymosan equivalents m−3). The production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α; ranged from ~60 to 518 pg TNF-α m−3)...