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The Effect of Fines Content and its Type on Shear Wave Velocity and Liquefaction Resistance of Sandy Soils
, Ph.D. Dissertation Sharif University of Technology ; Ahmadi, Mohammad Mehdi (Supervisor)
Abstract
Liquefaction is one of the most destructive geotechnical phenomena, and so the determination of soil liquefaction is very important. Shear wave velocity measurement is one of the methods of the soil liquefaction potential evaluation. The use of this method has increased substantially in recent years, due to its advantages compared to other methods, especially for microzonation of liquefaction potential. However, proposed curves for liquefaction evaluation which are based on the shear wave velocity measurement are more conservative than curves based on SPT and CPT, especially for sands containing fines. Local information from sites that have been liquefied previously and the shear wave...
High frequency oscillatory flow in micro channels
, Article Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects ; Vol. 460 , 2014 , pp. 355-360 ; ISSN: 09277757 ; Javadi, A ; Bastani, D ; Miller, R ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
This paper deals with computational and experimental studies on the oscillatory flow at high frequencies up to 100. Hz performed with the Oscillating Drop and Bubble Analyzer (ODBA) setup based on the capillary pressure technique. The CFD results are validated considering pressure amplitude experimental data. The simulated results of phase shift between the generated oscillatory flow and the consequent pressure amplitudes show also good agreement with the experimental data. In absence of any compressibility and viscoelasticity effects and assumptions, a complex velocity field during oscillation is the main reason for the observation of a phase shift. The results of velocity profiles at the...
Influence of fines content and type on the small-strain shear modulus of sand
, Article Scientia Iranica ; Vol. 21, issue. 4 , 2014 , p. 1281-1296 ; Ahmadi, M. M ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
The small-strain shear modulus, Go, is an important fundamental soil property. Although many studies have been conducted on this property for clean sands and pure clays, small-strain behavior for mixtures of sand and fines has been less addressed. This paper presents the results of a comprehensive laboratory study on G0 value of sand containing various amounts of different fines. To this aim, bender elements were integrated into a conventional triaxial apparatus, and shear wave velocity was measured on samples of sand with different amounts of highly-plastic, medium-plastic, low-plastic, or non-plastic fines at different void ratios. Measuring the shear wave velocity and thus...
Vibration analysis of delaminated Timoshenko beams under the motion of a constant amplitude point force traveling with uniform velocity
, Article International Journal of Mechanical Sciences ; Volume 70 , 2013 , Pages 39-49 ; 00207403 (ISSN) ; Jafari Talookolaei, R. A ; Ahmadian, M. T ; Sharif University of Technology
2013
Abstract
A composite beam with single delamination traveled by a constant amplitude moving force is modeled accounting for the Poisson's effect, shear deformation and rotary inertia. The mechanical behavior between the delaminated surfaces is modeled using a piecewise-linear spring foundation. The governing differential equations of motion for such system are derived. Primarily, eigen-solution technique is used to obtain the natural frequencies and their corresponding mode shapes of such beam. Then, the Ritz method is employed to derive the dynamic response of the beam due to the moving force. The obtained results for the free and forced vibrations of beams are verified against reported similar...
An experimental review on microbubble generation to be used in echo-particle image velocimetry method to determine the pipe flow velocity
, Article Journal of Fluids Engineering, Transactions of the ASME ; Volume 135, Issue 3 , Feb , 2013 , Paper No: FE-12-1217 ; 00982202 (ISSN) ; Shafii, M. B ; Shirani, S ; Sharif University of Technology
2013
Abstract
Microbubbles are broadly used as ultrasound contrast agents. In this paper we use a low-cost flow focusing microchannel fabrication method for preparing microbubble contrast agents by using some surface active agents and a viscosity enhancing material to obtain appropriate microbubbles with desired lifetime and stability for any in vitro infusion for velocity measurement. All the five parameters that govern the bubble size extract and some efforts are done to achieve the smallest bubbles by adding suitable surfactant concentrations. By using these microbubbles for the echo-particle image velocimetry method, we experimentally determine the velocity field of steady state and pulsatile pipe...
Thermal wall model effect on the lid-driven nanocavity flow simulation using the molecular dynamics method
, Article Numerical Heat Transfer, Part B: Fundamentals ; Volume 63, Issue 3 , Jan , 2013 , Pages 248-261 ; 10407790 (ISSN) ; Sabouri, M ; Jafari, S ; Sharif University of Technology
2013
Abstract
An accurate molecular dynamics simulation of the nanocavity flow cannot be achieved without considering correct thermal treatments for the molecules both distributed in the flow and located at the cavity walls and without including their interactions correctly. In this study, we specify constant temperature at the nanocavity vertical walls; however, we examine three different thermal wall models, including a rigid wall, a controlled-temperature flexible wall, and a noncontrolled-temperature flexible wall, to model the horizontal wall behaviors. Comparing the results of these three models with each other, it is possible to evaluate the effect of wall model on the resulting temperature and...
Experimental investigation of the effect of obstacles on the behavior of turbidity currents
, Article Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering ; Volume 40, Issue 4 , 2013 , Pages 343-352 ; 03151468 (ISSN) ; Afshin, H ; Firoozabadi, B ; Sharif University of Technology
2013
Abstract
Turbidity current is produced when a particle-laden fluid flows under lighter ambient fresh fluid. The streaming of particle-laden fluid is called a turbidity current and this kind of current is an important mechanism for sediment transportation in lakes and oceans. In the present research, the main concentration is on the effect of obstacle with an isosceles right triangular cross section on the behavior of turbidity current. A series of laboratory experiments were carried out with various obstacle heights and different inlet densimetric Froude numbers. In each experiment, velocity profiles upstream and downstream of the obstacle were measured, using an acoustic Doppler velocimeter. Kaolin...
Deflection of light and Shapiro delay: An equivalent medium theory approach
, Article Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering ; Volume 8480 , 2012 ; 0277786X (ISSN) ; 9780819491978 (ISBN) ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
We discuss the deflection of light and Shapiro delay under the influence of gravity as described by Schwarzschild metric. We obtain an exact expression based on the coordinate velocity, as first set forth by Einstein, and present a discussion on the effect of velocity anisotropy. We conclude that the anisotropy in the coordinate velocity, as the velocity apparent to a distant observer, gives rise to a third order error in the deflection angle, so that the practical astronomical observations from gravitational lensing data remain inconclusive on the anisotropy. However, measurement of Shapiro delay provides a fairly convenient way to determine whether the spacetime is optically anisotropic...
Effect of oxide bifilms on the mechanical properties of cast Al-7Si-0.3Mg alloy and the roll of runner height after filter on their formation
, Article Materials Science and Engineering A ; Volume 548 , 2012 , Pages 99-105 ; 09215093 (ISSN) ; Varahram, N ; Davami, P ; Kim, S. K ; Sharif University of Technology
2012
Abstract
Oxide bifilms (double oxide films) are one of the most important defects that influence the mechanical properties of cast aluminum alloys. To investigate the formation of oxide bifilms, castings with different heights of runner were examined. SEM and EDX analysis were used to study the presence of oxide bifilms and fracture surface of tensile test samples. The fracture surface of the tensile test bars that were cast with lower height of runner revealed no oxide bifilm and features of ductile fracture mechanisms. On the other hand, the test bars that were cast with a higher height of runner showed a brittle fracture with areas covered by oxide bifilms. The results of tensile test were...
Analysis of elastic wave propagation in nonlinear beams
, Article Proceedings of the ASME Design Engineering Technical Conference ; Volume 1, Issue PARTS A AND B , 2011 , Pages 207-212 ; 9780791854785 (ISBN) ; Hussein, M. I ; Des. Eng. Div. Comput. Inf. Eng. Div ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
We derive the exact dispersion relations for flexural elastic wave motion in a beam under finite deformation. We employ the Euler-Bernoulli kinematic hypothesis. Focusing on homogeneous waveguides with constant cross-section, we utilize the exact strain tensor and retain all high order terms. The results allow us to quantify the deviation in the dispersion curves when exact large deformation is considered compared to the small strain assumption. We show that incorporation of finite deformation shifts the frequency dispersion curves downwards. Furthermore, the group velocity increases with wavenumber but this trend reverses at high wavenumbers when the wave amplitude is sufficiently high. At...
Nonlinear vibration analysis of a micro beam exposed to an external flow
, Article ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, IMECE 2011 ; Volume 7, Issue PARTS A AND B , 2011 , Pages 643-646 ; 9780791854938 (ISBN) ; Hosseinzadeh, A ; Ahmadian, M. T ; Barari, A ; Sharif University of Technology
2011
Abstract
In this paper, nonlinear vibration of a micro cantilever exposed to a constant velocity flow is studied. In order to obtain vibration frequency and time response of the micro beam the variational iteration method is used as a novel tool for solving nonlinear differential equations. Results of the analytical solution are compared with those obtained by Runge-Kutta method which shows very good agreement between them. Results confirm that frequency of vibration depends on the flow velocity. Also, the high sensitivity of the vibration frequency to the flow velocity means that it can be an effective indicator of velocity
Nonlinear membrane model for large amplitude vibration of single layer graphene sheets
, Article Nanotechnology ; Volume 22, Issue 30 , June , 2011 ; 09574484 (ISSN) ; Niaki, S. A ; Naghdabadi, R ; Asghari, M ; Sharif University of Technology
2011
Abstract
The nonlinear vibrational properties of single layer graphene sheets (SLGSs) are investigated using a membrane model. The nonlinear equation of motion is considered for the SLGSs by including the effects of stretching due to large amplitudes. The equation of motion is numerically solved utilizing the finite difference method for SLGSs with different initial and boundary conditions, sizes and pretensions. It is concluded that the nonlinear fundamental frequency of SLGSs increases by increasing the pretension and initial velocity. In addition, it is observed that an increase in the pretension weakens the effects of the initial velocity on the fundamental frequency, such that the fundamental...
Dispersed phase holdup in a pulsed disc and doughnut extraction column
, Article Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering ; Volume 28, Issue 2 , June , 2011 , Pages 313-323 ; 01046632 (ISSN) ; Jalilvand, H ; Outokesh, M ; Sharif University of Technology
2011
Abstract
Dispersed phase holdup has been measured in a 76 mm diameter pulsed disc and doughnut extraction column for three different liquid-liquid systems. The effects of operational variables such as pulsation intensity and dispersed and continuous phase flow rates on holdup have been investigated and found to be significant. The existence of three different operational regimes, namely mixer-settler, dispersion, and emulsion regimes, was observed when the energy input was changed. The results indicated that the characteristic velocity approach is applicable to this type of extraction column for analysis of holdup in the transition and emulsion regions. Empirical correlations are derived for...
On the minimization of the exit profile curvature in extrusion through multi-hole dies: a methodology and some verifications
, Article Meccanica ; Volume 50, Issue 5 , May , 2015 , Pages 1249-1261 ; 00256455 (ISSN) ; Assempour, A ; Sharif University of Technology
Kluwer Academic Publishers
2015
Abstract
In this study, a methodology has been presented for radial positioning of the die holes in multi-hole extrusion of non-symmetric sections. The objective of radial positioning is to minimize exit profile curvature. For this purpose, a two-hole die with non-symmetric T-shaped holes has been investigated. A kinematically admissible velocity field at deformation zone has been developed. The deformation region includes the dead metal zone (DMZ) which is assumed to be linear. The DMZ length was obtained by energy minimization through the upper bound method. To predict the exit profile curvature a deviation function has been suggested. Using the proposed function, the velocity field has been used...
Correlation of shear wave velocity with liquefaction resistance for silty sand based on laboratory study
, Article 15th Asian Regional Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, ARC 2015: New Innovations and Sustainability, 9 November 2015 through 13 November 2015 ; 2015 , Pages 794-799 ; Ahmadi, M. M ; Sharif University of Technology
Asian Regional Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering
2015
Abstract
Several methods have been used for the evaluation of liquefaction potential, among which the simplified method is mostly used. In this method, which is mainly based on standard penetration test (SPT), cone penetration test (CPT) and shear wave velocity (Vs) measurement, a boundary curve is provided to separate the liquefiable and non-liquefiable soil zones. Vs measurement is a good alternative method of penetration-based methods (SPT and CPT). This is especially true in micro-zonation of liquefaction potential. Although relatively large studies have been carried out to establish the correlation between Vs and liquefaction resistance for sands; there are uncertainties about the effects of...
An investigation on effects of traveling mass with variable velocity on nonlinear dynamic response of an inclined Timoshenko beam with different boundary conditions
, Article International Journal of Mechanical Sciences ; Volume 52, Issue 12 , 2010 , Pages 1694-1708 ; 00207403 (ISSN) ; Kargarnovin, M. H ; Farsi, S ; Sharif University of Technology
2010
Abstract
In this paper, the nonlinear dynamic response of an inclined Timoshenko beam with different boundary conditions subjected to a traveling mass with variable velocity is investigated. The nonlinear coupled partial differential equations of motion for the bending rotation of cross-section, longitudinal and transverse displacements are derived using Hamilton's principle. These nonlinear coupled PDEs are solved by applying Galerkin's method to obtain dynamic response of the beam under the act of a moving mass. The appropriate parametric studies by taking into account the effects of the magnitude of the traveling mass, the velocity of the traveling mass with a constant acceleration/ deceleration...
Measurements of velocity field in the wake of an oscillating wind turbine blade
, Article Aeronautical Journal ; Volume 114, Issue 1158 , August , 2010 , Pages 493-504 ; 00019240 (ISSN) ; Mahmoudi, M ; Sharif University of Technology
2010
Abstract
A series of tests were carried out to study the unsteady wake behaviour behind an aerofoil which is a section of a wind-turbine blade. The model is oscillated in pitch about its quarter chord axis at various reduced frequencies, amplitudes, and mean angles-of-attack. Instantaneous and mean velocity profiles were obtained using total and static pressure at 35 vertically aligned points behind the aerofoil via two similar rakes. The rakes were located at a distance of 1.5 chord length behind the model. An estimation of the real time and average variations of the linear momentum deficit during the oscillation cycle is obtained and has been compared with the corresponding static data. The results...
Estimating terminal velocity of rough cracks in the framework of discrete fractal fracture mechanics
, Article Engineering Fracture Mechanics ; Volume 77, Issue 10 , 2010 , Pages 1516-1526 ; 00137944 (ISSN) ; Khezrzadeh, H ; Sharif University of Technology
2010
Abstract
In this paper we first obtain the order of stress singularity for a dynamically propagating self-affine fractal crack. We then show that there is always an upper bound to roughness, i.e. a propagating fractal crack reaches a terminal roughness. We then study the phenomenon of reaching a terminal velocity. Assuming that propagation of a fractal crack is discrete, we predict its terminal velocity using an asymptotic energy balance argument. In particular, we show that the limiting crack speed is a material-dependent fraction of the corresponding Rayleigh wave speed
CFD Simulation of hydrodynamic of a bubble column reactor operating in churn-turbulent regime and effect of gas inlet distribution on system characteristics
, Article International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering ; Volume 14, Issue 1 , 2016 , Pages 213-224 ; 15426580 (ISSN) ; Zarkesh, J ; Rashtchian, D ; Anvari, A ; Sharif University of Technology
Walter de Gruyter GmbH
Abstract
CFD simulation of cylindrical bubble column including air as dispersed phase and water as continuous phase operating in churn-turbulent flow regime with diameter of 0.49 m, height of 3.6 m and gas superficial velocity of 0.14 m/s have been conducted. All simulations have been carried out in a 2D axisymmetric, unsteady and Euler/Euler framework with the aid of commercial software FLUENT v. 14.5. Simulations were validated by our experimental results through residence time distribution (RTD) data. Effect of bubble size distribution at inlet on column hydrodynamic was investigated and results clearly showed that equilibrium bubble size distribution in most parts of column is independent of...
Rotation induced by uniform and non-uniform magnetic fields in a conducting fluid carrying an electric current
, Article RSC Advances ; Volume 6, Issue 113 , 2016 , Pages 112641-112645 ; 20462069 (ISSN) ; Nasiri, M ; Amjadi, A ; Nejati, A ; Sobhani, S.O ; Habibi, M ; Sharif University of Technology
Royal Society of Chemistry
2016
Abstract
We study the dynamics of a conducting fluid carrying (i) a uniform current in the presence of a non-uniform magnetic field or (ii) carrying a non-uniform current in the presence of a uniform magnetic field, using particle image velocimetry (PIV). Our results show that the average angular velocity of the induced rotation has a power-law dependence on the electric current passing through the fluid with an exponent ≈2/3, in excellent agreement with our simulation results, for the same system. To explain the experimental observations we explore all possibilities for inducing rotation in a fluid carrying an electric current. Our theoretical discussion indicates two scenarios wherein applying...