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Climate change and hydropower in Iran's Karkheh River Basin
, Article World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2012: Crossing Boundaries, Proceedings of the 2012 Congress ; 2012 , Pages 3341-3349 ; 9780784412312 (ISBN) ; Jamali, S ; Madani, K ; Hadian, S ; Sharif University of Technology
ASCE
2012
Abstract
The Karkheh River Basin is one of the Iranian river basins with a high potential for hydropower production. While Iran is actively constructing large dams in the Basin for hydropower production, climate change is putting the future status of hydropower production in the Basin in question. Using MODSIM, sensitivity of the Basin to climate change is investigated by estimating stream flow changes and the resulting impacts on hydropower production for different climate change scenarios. Results indicate considerable reductions in annual and seasonal hydropower production due to the expected dry climatic conditions under the existing operation rules. Findings highlight the necessity for revision...
A new fuzzy multicriteria decision making method and its application in diversion of water
, Article Expert Systems with Applications ; Volume 37, Issue 12 , 2010 , Pages 8809-8813 ; 09574174 (ISSN) ; Shamsai, A ; Ahmady, N ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
Taking account of uncertainty in multicriteria decision making problems is crucial due to the fact that depending on how it is done, ranking of alternatives can be completely different. This paper utilizes linguistic values to evaluate the performance of qualitative criteria and proposes using appropriate shapes of fuzzy numbers to evaluate the performance of quantitative criteria for each problem with respect to its particular conditions. In addition, a process to determine the weights of criteria using fuzzy numbers, which considers their competition to gain greater weights and their influence on each other is described. A new fuzzy methodology is proposed to solve such a problem that...
The application of multi-criteria (AHP-PROMETHEE) decision-making methods in selecting and prioritizing the green area irrigation resources
, Article International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology ; Volume 18, Issue 5 , 2021 , Pages 1135-1146 ; 17351472 (ISSN) ; Abbaspour, M ; Javid, A. H ; Sharif University of Technology
Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
2021
Abstract
One of the underlying factors in the conservation and development of urban green spaces is the available water resources use for green areas in each region. The primary purpose of this study is to introduce the integration of a proper simulation method for runoff along with AHP-PROMETHEE decision-making method for water resources management in urban basins. The application of this approach was investigated in the city Buin Zahra of Qazvin Province of Iran. In the first step by using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), the available water resources in the case study were weighted. In the second step, the water resources of the municipal and residential wells and water collected by...
Evaporation mitigation assessment by self-assembled nano-thickness films in shallow fresh water lake using fixed and semi-floating pans
, Article Environmental Processes ; Volume 9, Issue 3 , 2022 ; 21987491 (ISSN) ; Mohammadi, M ; Doulabi, M ; Iraji zad, A ; Tajrishy, M ; Sharif University of Technology
Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
2022
Abstract
Controlling evaporation plays an essential role in arid and semi-arid water resources systems where it accounts for a considerable amount of reservoirs outflow. In this study, we have evaluated evaporation reduction efficiency of different kinds of self-assembled nano-thickness films. The films consist of six different combinations of stearyl and cetyl alcohols with additives such as jojoba oil, stearic acid, and calcium hydroxide. The study lasted from July to August and utilized two pairs of class A evaporation pans: one pair was semi-floating on Chitgar lake water surface while the other one was located on the shore. The experimental results showed that a monolayer containing 3:1 stearyl...
Water Market Modeling in Response to Water Resources Allocation Challenges in Orumieh River Basin
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Abrishamchi, Ahmad (Supervisor) ; Arhami, Mohammad (Supervisor)
Abstract
In recent years, water issues have been the focus of increasing international concern and debate. Agriculture is not only the world's largest water user in terms of volume, it is also a relatively low-value, low-efficiency water user. These facts are forcing governments and donors to rethink the economic, social and environmental implications of irrigation projects. Population growth, increase in water demand, the extended drought and utilization of too much water for agricultural, have been made water conflicts over water resources. Due to the drought has a significant economic and social impact on the irrigated agricultural sector, Water markets based on transferable water rights developed...
Regional Water Resources Management Using System Dynamics Approach, Case Study: Karaj Area
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Abrishamchi, Ahmad (Supervisor)
Abstract
Incline in the population and civilization, development of agriculture, and expansion of industries, in addition to limitations on surface and groundwater resources necessitate the existence of correct and efficient planning of management and utilization of water resources. Prediction of behavioral models of changes in water resources systems, influenced by utilizing strategies, absolutely helps stakeholders for conservative development of these resources. System dynamics is an object oriented method that is based on system's feedback. Not only it gives real description of complex systems, but also it provides the ability to influence effectively in development of the model for the user. The...
Modification of Crop Pattern Considering Climate Change and Efficient Use of Water Resources
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Moghim, Sanaz (Supervisor)
Abstract
In recent decades, the earth is affected by climate change and the seasons has been warmer than the last. Furthermore, the efficiency of agricultural irrigation is low, and it leads to surface water drought and decrease in groundwater level. The Middle East is known for its warm desert climate. Lack of water resources is considered the most limiting factor for sustainable agriculture and water management of irrigation is a crucial issue for agriculture in Middle East. So it’s necessary to devote the cropping pattern considering above changes. The FAO56 Penman-Monteith equation is the standardized ETo equation. A comparison was made between 8 selected methods and FAO56-PM. Thus the method...
Determining the Optimal Irrigation Pattern in Agricultural Areas Using a Combination of Remote Sensing Data and the Development of a Lump Soil Moisture Model
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Danesh-Yazdi, Mohammad (Supervisor)
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to introduce a new indicator to estimate the amount of irrigation water in excess of the need and also to determine the optimal irrigation pattern to reduce water loss in agriculture. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the major loss of fresh water takes place in agriculture, and the reduction of water resources is more significant in developing countries that do not have advanced agricultural equipment. One of the challenges in the studies related to reducing the amount of water used in agriculture is a lack of knowledge on the spatial distribution and temporal changes in water loss in a region. Although estimation of...
Designing and Modeling of a Hybrid System Based on Electrodialysis for Desalinating Brine
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Moosavi, Ali (Supervisor) ; Hoseini, Vahid (Supervisor)
Abstract
The world's freshwater resources are rapidly decreasing due to population growth, industrial and technological progress, successive droughts, climate changes, increased food demand, and poor management of water resources. Using desalination methods is one of the ways to produce the required freshwater. Several methods have been developed for desalination. The most widely used method is reverse osmosis (RO). In this thesis, an electrodialysis (ED) desalination system was designed and modeled using up-to-date and reliable articles. This modeling was done in EES software and after validating that, the effect of considering Donnan's potential was investigated. At the 60 ppt concentration of the...
Monitoring Urmia Lake area variation using MODIS satellite data
, Article World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2012: Crossing Boundaries, Proceedings of the 2012 Congress ; 2012 , Pages 1917-1926 ; 9780784412312 (ISBN) ; Ahmadalipour, A ; Shafiee Jood, M ; Tajrishy, M ; Abrishamchi, A ; Environ. Water Resour. Inst. (EWRI) Am. Soc. Civ. Eng ; Sharif University of Technology
ASCE
2012
Abstract
Urmia Lake is a large hyper-saline lake located in the northwest of Iran. It plays an important role in the hydrology, climate and ecology of its surrounding regions. In recent years, the water level of Urmia Lake has been dropped significantly. This study investigates the seasonal and annual variations of the lake area from 2000 to 2011 using remote sensing data. MODIS imageries of Normalized Differential Vegetation Index (NDVI) were used to extract the water surface area of the lake. Results reveal a significant decline in the lake area during the last past 12 years. Analysis of the seasonal images shows that maximum and minimum areas of Urmia Lake usually occur in winter and autumn,...
The effect of step on the hydraulic characteristics of the subcritical free surface flow in conveyance tunnel
, Article Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology ; Volume 28, Issue 1 , 2012 , Pages 212-217 ; 08867798 (ISSN) ; Nabipour, M ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
Due to the water scarcity and uneven distribution of water resources, conveyance systems are designed to carry water through basins. For this purpose conveyance tunnels which carry supper/subcritical flows are commonly constructed. The occurrence of steps in the tunnels created by segment off-sets during the TBM operations would cause significant local head losses. As a result, the flow discharge may reduce. In this study subcritical free surface flow in conveyance tunnel is simulated using the one-dimensional HEC-RAS model. Impact of the invert segment off-set on the discharge rate is then estimated. Similarly a two-dimensional numerical model based on the Volume of Fluid (VOF) scheme is...
Game theory insights for the caspian sea conflict
, Article World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2011: Bearing Knowledge for Sustainability - Proceedings of the 2011 World Environmental and Water Resources Congress, 22 May 2011 through 26 May 2011 ; May , 2011 , Pages 2815-2819 ; 9780784411735 (ISBN) ; Gholizadeh, S ; Sharif University of Technology
2011
Abstract
Caspian Sea - the largest enclosed body of water on earth - is the subject of one of the world's most intractable disputes, involving five coastal states of Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Turkmenistan. The conflict over the legal status of this multinational water body emerged after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. Since then the parties have been negotiating without reaching an agreement on the ownerships of waters, and the oil and natural gas beneath them. As long as there is no new agreement on how to share the Caspian Sea among the five states, the two old Iran-USSR treaties may continue to govern the Caspian Sea. Based on these treaties, each state's territorial...
Caspian Sea negotiation support system
, Article World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2010: Challenges of Change - Proceedings of the World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2010, 16 May 2010 through 20 May 2010 ; 2010 , Pages 2694-2702 ; 9780784411148 (ISBN) ; Madani, K ; Gholizadeh, S ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
Caspian Sea is currently a subject of one of the world's most intractable disputes, involving five coastal states of Azerbaijan, Iran, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Turkmenistan. The conflict over the legal status of this multinational water body emerged after the collapse of the Soviet Union. Since then the parties have been negotiating without reaching an agreement on the ownerships of waters, and the oil and natural gas beneath them. Although different division methods have been suggested so far for sharing the Caspian Sea, the gains of the countries from sea area and valuable resources remain unclear as the proposed methods are either focused on the areal shares or on the oil and gas shares....
Seasonal fractal-scaling of floods in two U.S. water resources regions
, Article Journal of Hydrology ; Volume 540 , 2016 , Pages 232-239 ; 00221694 (ISSN) ; Tayefeh Rezakhani, A ; Shamsai, A ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier
2016
Abstract
Understanding the behavior and estimating the magnitude of floods with specific recurrence intervals are important tasks for various applications such as flood protection strategies. Fractal analysis has proven useful in characterization of flood frequency behavior. We employ a systematic fractal approach which enables dividing streamflow data into different behavior regimes and, in particular, identifying flood regimes. Since seasonality is a key factor in flood-formation scenarios, we incorporate this concept in our analysis through generating two separate streamflow data sets for summer and winter, and next performing associated fractal analysis on each. To illustrate our approach and see...
Detection of streamflow trends and variability in karun river-Iran as parts of climate change and climate variability
, Article Proceedings of World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009 - World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009: Great Rivers, 17 May 2009 through 21 May 2009, Kansas City, MO ; Volume 342 , 2009 , Pages 4782-4793 ; 9780784410363 (ISBN) ; Abrishamchi, A ; Sharif University of Technology
2009
Abstract
This paper describes the application of statistical and spectral procedures that identifies trends and periodicity in streamflow time series. The results of Mann-Kendall and seasonal Kendall tests (non-parametric tests which are known as appropriate tools in detecting linear trends of hydrological time series) shows negative trends especially during low water months (August to November). This downward trend is more significant in October. But these methods can not interpret periodic behavior. Hence spectral procedures were applied on data series to investigate periodicities in streamflow data series. Fourier and Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) analyses produce evidence of interannual...
Integrated water resources management in Polrud irrigation system
, Article Water Resources Management ; Volume 20, Issue 2 , 2006 , Pages 215-225 ; 09204741 (ISSN) ; Sharif University of Technology
2006
Abstract
Water is needed in all aspects of life and is vital to its social, economical and environmental dimensions. Having a key role in sustainable development, water management requires an integrated approach. Irrigation Water shortage promotes the development of innovative management and supply enhancement models. Effective water management requires a comprehensive consideration of all related aspects, e.g., technical, social, environmental, institutional, political and financial. Then the conventional methods of cost-benefit analysis and single-objective models have changed to multi-objective models. The rising of population in Iran puts significant pressure on authorities and infrastructures to...
Using satellite data to extract volume-area-elevation relationships for Urmia Lake, Iran
, Article Journal of Great Lakes Research ; Volume 39, Issue 1 , March , 2013 , Pages 90-99 ; 03801330 (ISSN) ; Tajrishy, M ; Sharif University of Technology
2013
Abstract
Urmia Lake in the northwest of Iran is the second largest hyper-saline lake worldwide. During the past two decades, a significant water level decline has occurred in the lake. The existing estimations for the lake water balance are widely variable because the lake bathymetry is unknown. The main focus of this study is to extract the volume-area-elevation (V-A-L) characteristics of Urmia Lake utilizing remote sensing data and analytical models. V-A-L equations of the lake were determined using radar altimetry data and their concurrent satellite-derived surface data. Next, two approximate models, a power model (PM) and a truncated pyramid model (TPM), were parameterized for Urmia Lake and...
Development of a dynamic long-term water allocation model for agriculture and industry water demands
, Article Water Resources Management ; Volume 24, Issue 9 , 2010 , Pages 1717-1746 ; 09204741 (ISSN) ; Ardakanian, R ; Sharif University of Technology
2010
Abstract
Demands growth and water resources limitation, enforce water sector policy makers to integrate water supply-demand interactions in a coherent framework for efficient water allocation. Water supply-demand interaction, changes long-term trend of water demands, which in turn has a substantial influence on water allocation. Researches on water allocation modeling lack adequate projection of relationship between water supply and demand. Socio-economic factors representing water allocation stakeholders' benefits, account for the main share of water supply-demand interaction. Identification, representation and consideration of these factors in a water allocation model, is the main limitation of...
A review on impacts of drilling mud disposal on environment and underground water resources in south of Iran
, Article Proceedings of the SPE/IADC Middle East Drilling Technology Conference and Exhibition, 26 October 2009 through 28 October 2009 ; 2009 , Pages 447-454 ; 9781615677450 (ISBN) ; Dashtian, H ; Paiaman Mirzai, A ; Al Anazi, B. D ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
In drilling oil wells a system of complex fluids and chemical additives is used. Losses of these fluids in the well during drilling or disposal of them in well site could transfer pollutants to groundwater. In the present study a number of well sites, located in South of Iran, were studied to indicate types and magnitude of various pollutant materials that remain in the environment undestroyed and have considerable impacts on the underground water resources. Hydrocarbons used in Oil Base Muds (OBM) that can't be biodegrade readily in nature found to be the most severe pollutant material caused by disposal of Drilling Mud and Cuttings. Volume of drilling waste for these oil wells evaluated to...
Integrating spatial multi criteria decision making (smcdm) with geographic information systems (gis) for delineation of the most suitable areas for aquifer storage and recovery (asr)
, Article Journal of Hydrology ; Volume 551 , 2017 , Pages 577-595 ; 00221694 (ISSN) ; Hashemian, S. J. A.D ; Magholi, A ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier B.V
2017
Abstract
Hamoon-Jazmoorian plain is located in southeast of Iran. Overexploitation of groundwater in this plain has led to water level decline and caused serious problems such as land subsidence, aquifer destruction and water quality degradation. The increasing population and agricultural development along with drought and climate change, have further increased the pressure on water resources in this region over the last years. In order to overcome such crisis, introduction of surface water into an aquifer at particular locations can be a suitable solution. A wide variety of methods have been developed to recharge groundwater, one of which is aquifer storage and recovery (ASR). One of the fundamental...