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Pore Scale Simulation of the Fluid/Fluid and Fluid/Rock Interactions on the Performance of Water Injection
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Fatemi, Mobin (Supervisor) ; Pishvaie, Mahmood Reza (Co-Supervisor)
Abstract
Two-phase fluid flow physics in porous media is applied in various fields. Studies have shown that wettability and surface tension, which represent fluid-rock and fluid-fluid interactions, have a significant effect on the dynamics of the immiscible displacement. Although the effects of wettability and surface tension on the macroscopic behavior of fluid flow are known, there is less understanding of it at the micro scale. Considering the essential role of wettability and surface tension in various fields, this project seeks to investigate the effects of wettability and surface tension on the movement and distribution of fluids and the dominant displacement mechanisms within the porous media...
Investigating the Performance of Fluidized bed Dryer in Immobilization and Drying of A-amylase Enzyme
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Roostaazad, Reza (Supervisor)
Abstract
Enzyme immobilization/drying operations are among the important operations of many biotechnological industrial units. The enzyme used in this study is bacterial alpha-amylase, which is widely used in various industries, including detergents. The production of alpha-amylase enzyme contains a large percentage of water in its composition; therefore, a wet wall tower was designed to conduct the experiments to evaporate the water present in the enzyme liquor, analyze its effects on activity, and also to validate the device. The results showed that in a flow of air around 240m3/hr and ambient temperature of 20◦C, enzyme liquor has a 250% increase in biological activity, which indicates the...
Experimental Investigation of Asphaltic Sludge Formation Caused by Asphaltenic Oil Carbonated Reservoir Acid Stimulation
, Ph.D. Dissertation Sharif University of Technology ; Ghotbi, Cyrus (Supervisor) ; Ayatollahi, Shahab (Supervisor)
Abstract
Acidizing is one of the most effective techniques to remove the formation damage and restore (or even increase) the permeability of the near wellbore region. Although this technique is widely used to resolve the skin problem, it could initiate new damages itself that hinder the fluid flow and decrease the well production, consequently. Acid-oil emulsion and sludge formation are known as two major induced formation damage and the main reasons for the oil well acid treatment failures.When the HCl is reacted with asphaltenic crude oil during matrix acidizing, it results in unexpected damage at the near wellbore region and hinder the fluid flow through certain mechanisms include:
1- Pore...
1- Pore...
Investigating the Role of Nanoparticles and Chemicals on Wettability Alteration of Carbonate Rocks to Gas-Weting Condition and Analysis of Hystertic Behavior
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Ghazanfari, Mohammad Hossein (Supervisor)
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the experimental and modeling of the drop formation process on calcite rock and calcite aged in nano fluid surfaces in order to analyze size dependent contact angle and wettability modification. To do this, the calcite surfaces were prepared by cutting to an approximately size of 3*3*0.4 cm and grinded and polished to achieve different roughnesses. The purity and roughness of the samples were determined by X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy, respectively. In order to conduct the dynamic and static contact angle measurements on the calcite surface in vapor saturated condition, a small laboratory device was designed. The advanced contact...
Effect of Packing Roughness on the Cooling Tower's Performance
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Bastani, Darush (Supervisor)
Abstract
The application of wet cooling towers is cooling the circulating water which in many processes extract the exess heat in the system. Any cooling tower involves different parts and one of these parts is packings. The effect of changing packing's charactorizations on the cooling tower's performance is significant and was studied in different researches. In this project the effect of packing roughness on the heat transfer, mass transfer and pressure drop in two arrays of packings and in different conditions of water flow rate, air flow rate and inlet water temperature was studied experimentally. For calculating and investigating the change of mass transfer coefitient, the Poppe model was ...
Microorganisms Effects on Interfacial Tension and Wettability During Smart Water Injection in Oil Reservoirs
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Ayatollahi, Shahabodin (Supervisor) ; Massihi, Mohsen (Supervisor)
Abstract
This research was done for feasibility evaluation and understanding correct microbial enhanced oil recovery(MEOR) procedure for carbonate reservoirs. With the aim of cost reduction and possible activation of smart water mechanisms, sea water used as a base for MEOR process. Two biosurfactant producing strains were isolated from oil contaminated water and soil, and one halotolerant strain, from sea water. Optimization of biosurfactant yield was conducted and two new definitions for optimum point, by considering economical and technical facts, were proposed. Partial characterization of produced biosurfactant was carried out through FTIR and NMR analysis and the produced biosurfactant was...
Experimental and Modeling Investigation of Wettability Alteration to Gas Wetting Condition in Gas Condensate Reservoirs
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Ghazanfari, Mohammad Hossein (Supervisor)
Abstract
During production from gas condensate reservoirs, reservoir pressure decreses to lower than dew point pressure of the reservoir fluid. Consequently, condensates will form in near wellbore regions, which significantly decrease well productivity. One of the remediations that is recently proposed for solving this problem is wettability alteration of near wellbore region to gas wetting condition. In comparison to other methods, it provides a better permanency, which is its key advantage. The main purpose of this thesis is, quantitative, qualitative and modeling study of wettability alteration of rock to gas wetting condition and verification of modeling rsults for a reservoir rock sample. Also,...
Investigation on Wettability Alteration of Reservoir Rocks by Functionalized Silica Nanoparticles using Molecular Dynamics Simulations
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Mohammadi, Aliasghar (Supervisor) ; Seyfkordi, Aliakbar (Supervisor)
Abstract
The properties of 3 nm-diameter fluorinated silica nanoparticles with different coverage percent of CF3 groups as water and oil repellents were investigated at the water-rock and decane-rock interface using molecular dynamics simulation. Simulating a pore of rock in presence of water and decane molecules separately, resulted in liquid bridging for both of liquids. The density profiles of liquids in the pore clearly show several highly ordered layers packing of the molecules close to the rock surface. Distribution of liquid molecules around the nanoparticles is much influenced with increasing CF3 groups on the nanoparticle surface. Results show that adsorption of functionalized silica...
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Reactive Absorption in the presence of Nanofluid and Magnetic field
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Molaei Dehkordi, Asghar (Supervisor)
Abstract
The importance of gases and liquids absorption in the liquid falling film is mostly due to the wide applications of liquid falling film reactors in the chemical industries. In such a reactor the mass and heat transfer occur simultaneously, but in most cases, the importance of mass transfer is predominant. Therefore, the study of heat transfer in this kind of reactor is neglected. In order to improve the efficiency of absorption, different methods have been employed by researchers. Owing to the rapid growth of nanotechnology, nanofluids have widely been used for increasing the absorption of solution, recently. Magnetic fluids due to their unique combination, among different kinds of...
Study of 131I Adsorption Behavior on Nanoporous Silicates Modified with Elements of Ag, Cu, Zn, Ni
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Sayf Kordi, Ali Akbar (Supervisor) ; Sepehrian, Hamid (Supervisor)
Abstract
One of the common methods used for treatment of gaseous radioactive wastes in nuclear waste management is adsorption process. Nanoporous materials have found great utility as sorption media because of their large internal surface area and more adsorption sites than other adsorbents, which caused the increasing attention of researchers to use them in the nuclear waste management. Hence in this study, the surface of nanoporous silicates of SBA-15 and MCM-41 modified with d-block elements of the periodic table such as silver, copper, zinc and nickel by wet impregnation method. After characterization by different techniques such as X-ray diffraction, nitrogen gas porosimetry, Fourier...
Analytical and Experimental Investigation of Scaling the Static and Dynamic Imbibition in Fractured Reservoirs
, Ph.D. Dissertation Sharif University of Technology ; Masihi, Mohsen (Supervisor)
Abstract
In imbibition process, as one of the main mechanisms of recovery from naturally fractured reservoirs, a wetting fluid enters matrix blocks and produces nonwetting phase from blocks as result of interaction between capillary, gravity and viscous forces. Depending on various characteristics of system different types of imbibition like counter-current spontaneous imbibition, cocurrent spontaneous imbibition and dynamic counter-current imbibition could occur. In order to predict recovery from matrix blocks scaling equations can be used. In this thesis suitable scaling equations are presented for different types of imbibition by using analytical solutions. The studies cases are counter-current...
Experimental Study of Improved Oil Recovery by Low-Salinity Waterflooding in Asphaltenic Reservoirs
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Ayatollahi, Shahaboddin (Supervisor) ; Vosoughi, Manouchehr (Supervisor)
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that injecting modified brines has a significant impact on the amount of oil recovered, but the exact mechanism by which this occurs is an unsettled issue, and is supposed to be a cause of the complex interactions occurring between the phases insitu. In this thesis, surface chemistry of smart water has been investigated. Fluid/solid and fluid/fluid interactions for Bangestan crude oil in tfhe presence of designed solutions and a set of dilutions of Persian Gulf seawater have been studied and compared. Fluid/solid interactions were investigated through wettability studies. Impact of salinity and ionic composition on this interaction was measured through contact...
An Experimental Study of Oil Production under Spontaneous Co-current Imbibition and Effective Parameters Influencing the Process in Low IFT
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Massihi, Mohsen (Supervisor)
Abstract
Capillary Imbibition is an important mechanism in producing oil from matrix blocks in fractured reservoirs. In a water-wet fractured reservoir, if the rise of water level in fracture is in a way that at all the moments the water front in fracture is lower than that in the matrix block we expect co-current imbibition. Iranian reservoirs have large matrix blocks and co-current imbibition can be expectable. Till this time, not many investigations have been done on co-current imbibition in and out of our country, Iran. In this thesis, an experimental investigation on co-current imbibition will be done for different conditions. The main goal of this thesis is the study of co-current imbibition in...
Experimental Investigation of Oil Production by Low IFT Dynamic Imbibition
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Masihi, Mohsen (Supervisor)
Abstract
Imbibition process is known to be an important recovery mechanism in naturally fractured reservoirs with water-wet matrix blocks that are imposed to water influx from an active aquifer or water flooding. Matrix blocks which are subjected to water flooding or water invasion from active aquifers do not become immersed in water at once, but they experience gradual rising of water in fracture. But most of imbibition studies are performed under conditions of totally immersed cores in static aqueous phase. Surfactants are known to reduce residual oil saturation by decreasing interfacial tension (IFT) between oil and water. On the other hand, considerable reduction of IFT due to surfactant...
Phenomenological Study of Granulation by Investigating the Effects of Operating Parameters on Granule Properties
, Ph.D. Dissertation Sharif University of Technology ; Farhadi, Fathollah (Supervisor)
Abstract
The present thesis has provided more fundamental understanding of granulation rate processes (such as coalescence, attrition and breakage) by investigating the effects of operating parameters on product properties. The studied process was wet granulation carried out in two high shear mixer granulators. Granulation duration, binder mass and impeller speed were considered as operating parameters and granule size distribution (measured by sieving) and granule binder distribution (measured by thermogravimetery method) were regarded as product properties. Experiments were conducted in two analogous cylindrical and conical high shear granulators. The obtained experimental and theoretical results...
Investigations on the Effect of Biosurfactants on the Wettability of Carbonate Rocks via Interactions with Rock and Fluid in Ex-Sito MEOR
, Ph.D. Dissertation Sharif University of Technology ; Roosta Azad, Reza (Supervisor) ; Kamali, Mohammad Reza (Supervisor) ; Shadizadeh, Reza (Co-Advisor)
Abstract
The effects of biosurfactants on sandstone rocks are known in the literature. However, there are few examples of experimental works in Iranian carbonate reservoirs dealing with the effects of biosurfactants under reservoir conditions. This thesis discusses the effect of an efficient biosurfactant produced from Pseudomonas aeroginosa MRo1, a bacterial strain isolated from oil excavation areas in southern Iran, on the recovery of residual oil trapped within carbonate rocks was investigated. The MRO1 could reduce surface tension from 72 to 28 dyne/cm. It also could reduce Interfacial tension from 18.382 to 5.646 dyne/cm.
In a core holder set-up bearing four limestone- and...
In a core holder set-up bearing four limestone- and...
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Soltanieh, Mohammad (Supervisor) ; Seifkordi, Ali Akbar (Supervisor)
Abstract
Using membrane contactors for acid gas removal, combines the advantages of membrane based separation processes and traditional ones. In this project we aim to study the use of a membrane absorption system for sweetening gas streams containing mixed acid gases with composition similar to raw natural gas. H2S and CO2 exist in the gas stream simultaneously which can be removed by mixture of alkanolamine solvents, including MDEA, DEA and MEA, are used for treating. A lab-scale membrane absorption setup with feed capacity of 2 lit/min, was designed, constructed and commissioned. Several hollow fiber modules equipped with PSf and PVDF membranes were fabricated. Our results revealed that reaching...
Using SiO2¬ Nano Particles in Enhanced Oil Recovery Process
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Alemzadeh, Iran (Supervisor) ; Vossoughi, Manoochehr (Supervisor)
Abstract
After primary and secondary recovery processes more than 50 percent of oil remains in reservoirs. Therefore for more recovery from these reservoirs, methods of enhanced oil recovery should be applied.In this paper the effect of nanoparticles of SiO2 in size of 14 nm, on wettability is investigated. Using this nanoparticle, the wettability of carbonate rock in reservoirs could be changed and alter from oil-wet or mix-wet to water-wet. To assess this, hydrophilic changes of sandstone core and carbonate core are studied using the contact angle test. The same test is done on the carbonate core saturated with brine and oil that had received injection with brine and nanoparticles of SiO2 with two...
Modeling Catalyst Deactivation in Catalytic Wet Air Oxidation of Phenol in Fixed Bed Three-Phase Reactors
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Kazemeini, Mohammad (Supervisor) ; Khorasheh, Farhad (Supervisor)
Abstract
In the present work, wet air oxidation of phenol over 7/3 MnO2/CeO2 composite oxide catalyst in trickle-bed and packed-bubble column reactors was modeled. Complexity of wet air oxidation reactions and catalyst poisoning with carbonaceous groups, on the surface and in the pores of catalyst, make the modeling process complicated. Plurality of mass balance equations which are confirmed in the catalyst pellet and in dynamic and static bed phase, also the equation of catalyst deactivation, lead us solve them simultaneously. In addition, the equations are two dimension and unsteady state and carbon of oxidation intermediates are present which make the modeling process more complicated. We are...
Experimental Study of Effect of Capillary Pressure on Archie Parameters for one of Iranian Petroleum Rock
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Masihi, Mohsen (Supervisor)
Abstract
The most fundamental concept in considering electrical properties of reservoir rocks are formation Resistivity factor and Resistivity index which are defined by Archie and are useful in interpretation of well logging, evaluation of porosity and saturation. A theory on the relationship between formation resistivity factor and porosity, also resistivity index and saturation are presented by use of parameters Cementation factor and Saturation exponent. The Archie equation is valid only when the rock is strongly water-wet and clay free, which is not the case in carbonate rocks. Therefore the Archie equation cannot be generalized over the entire carbonate reservoirs. On the other hand influence...