Sharif Digital Repository

Femtocell has appeared as a solution to increase both coverage and capacity of cellular networks. However, interference problem between the macrocell and the femtocell must be solved before any deployment. In this paper, we deal with the problem of joint subband, rate, and power allocation in OFDMA based two-tier femtocell networks. It is assumed that for macrocell users, spectrum allocation is accomplished through Fractional Frequency Reuse (FFR). Our objective is to maximize the femtocell user's throughput while maintaining as little as possible reduction in the macrocell users' performance. Our proposed algorithm is decentralized, and needs to be done only when femtocell access point is... 

In this paper we study the statistical properties of the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) of the dual-hop relaying link in a cooperative wireless communication system in the presence of channel estimation errors for Decode and Forward (DF) relaying protocol. Then for assessment of the system performance the Symbol Error Rate (SER) is considered. Two approaches are introduced for SER calculation from which the second one results in a closed form solution. Finally the second approach is used to find an optimum power allocation scheme for transmission of pilot and data symbols at the source and the relay terminals that results in minimizing the SER and considerable amount of power saving. Also Monte... 

We characterize terahertz wireless channels for extracting data from nanoscale sensors deployed within human lungs. We discover that the inhalation and exhalation of oxygen and carbon dioxide causes periodic variation of the absorption coefficient of the terahertz channel. Channel absorption drops to its minimum near the end of inhalation, providing a window of opportunity to extract data with minimum transmission power. We propose an algorithm for nanosensors to estimate the periodic channel by observing signal-to-noise ratio of the beacons transmitted from the data sink. Using real respiration data from multiple subjects, we demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can estimate the minimum... 

Energy Harvesting (EH) is a novel technique to prolong the lifetime of the wireless Ad-hoc and sensor networks with replenishable nodes. In this sense, it has emerged as a promising technique for Green Communications. On the other hand, cooperative communication with the help of relay nodes improves the performance of wireless communication networks. In this paper, we investigate the cooperation in EH nodes. We consider the optimal power and rate allocation in the full-duplex Gaussian relay channel in which source and relay can harvest energy from their environments. In our model, the energy arrivals at the source and the relay are general stochastic processes with known EH times and amounts... 

A conventional wireless sensor network node consists of a number of components: microprocessor, memory, sensor, and radio. Advances in nanotechnology have enabled the miniaturization of these components, thus enabling wireless nanoscale sensor networks (WNSN). Due to their small size, WNSN nodes are expected to be powered by harvesting energy from the environment. Unfortunately, there is a mismatch in the energy that can be harvested and the energy required to power all the aforementioned components in a WNSN node. In this article, we propose a simplified sensor node architecture for event detection. We call our architecture Sensorless Event MONitoring in self-powered WNSNs (SEMON). A SEMON... 

We consider the effect of caching in wireless networks where fading is the dominant channel effect. First, we propose a one-hop transmission strategy for cache-enabled wireless networks, which is based on exploiting multi-user diversity gain. Then, we derive a closed-form result for throughput scaling of the proposed scheme in large networks, which reveals the inherent trade-off between cache memory size and network throughput. Our results show that substantial throughput improvements are achievable in networks with sources equipped with large cache size. We also verify our analytical result through simulations  

Many applications in wireless networks impose locally distributed traffic on the network. We consider the effect of traffic localization on throughput of large wireless networks in the scaling sense. We show that by careful exploitation of traffic localization, one can enhance the throughput of various schemes in wireless networks. Also, the important case of Small World traffic distribution in wireless networks is addressed. In this type of traffic, in addition to the local traffic, a non-negligible amount of global traffic should be handled by the network. It is shown that a non-negligible amount of network-wide traffic can be tolerated by network without any performance degradation in the... 

In wireless body area networks (WBANs) it is necessary to devise an energy-efficient MAC scheduling mechanism which is capable of meeting strict QoS requirements. In this paper, special characteristics of WBAN channels, namely, the slow fading, the periodicity of fading, and the correlation among the channels have been exploited to formulate the sensor scheduling problem as a partially observable Markov decision problem (POMDP). Specific algorithms based on value iteration and pruning have been proposed in order to reduce the computational burden associated with the corresponding POMDP. The proposed scheduling mechanism is compared against a TDMA scheduling for a three-sensor network, and an... 

Considering the weaknesses of cryptography algorithms and the attacks performed against them, cryptography alone cannot guarantee the security of communication in a wireless network. With regard to the developments in wireless communication networks brought about by smart array antennas, security can be sought in the physical layer as well, aiming to restrict the access of the data in a wireless network and limit it to authorized users only in order to further restrain malicious data accesses. In this paper, we analysis a strategy for restricting data access using smart array antennas and present the results in security by a parameter called exposure region. For this strategy afterwards we... 

Network-on-Chip (NoC) as a promising design approach for on-chip interconnect fabrics could overcome the energy as well as synchronization challenges of the conventional interconnects in the gigascale System-on-Chips (SoC); The advantages of communication performance of traditional wired NoC will no longer be continued by the future technology scaling. Packets that travel between distant nodes of a large scale wired on-chip network significantly suffer from energy dissipation and latency due to the routing overhead at each hop. According to the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors annual report, the RFCMOS characteristics will be steadily improved by technology scaling. As the... 

The capacity of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems in vehicular communication is investigated throughout this paper. The goal is to consider a link between a vehicle-side and a road-side unit in presence of line-of-sight in a way that the road-side end uses all available antennas but the vehicle-side end chooses a subset of available antennas such that the link capacity becomes maximized. In order to maximize the channel capacity a criterion is derived that forces some circumstances about the configuration of antenna array in vehicle-side. If such circumstances are satisfied the channel capacity will be at its maximum. By proposing an antenna selection algorithm, the conditions... 

We study the asymptotic behavior of the capacity of erasure networks under a restricted class of network coding schemes, called spatial network coding. In spatial network coding, nodes are permitted to only combine data units received from distinct incoming links; multiple data units arriving on the same link may not be coded together. Elsewhere, it has been shown that the network capacity under spatial network coding is the statistical mean of the minimum cut value. In this paper, we come up with a new concept in the random graph theory referred to as typical min-cut family, which parallels the information theoretic notion of typical sequences, and use it to develop an analytical tool for... 

The achievement of our previously proposed space-time coding algorithm entitled full-rate linear-receiver space-time block code (FRLR STBC) has motivated us to propose, in this paper, a new class of high-rate space-time-frequency block codes (STFBCs) over frequency-selective Rayleigh fading channels. We have called these codes FRLR STFBCs with interleaving (FRLR STFBCs-I). FRLR STFBCs-I could achieve a full-diversity property over quasi-static channels. Simulation results also verify that the proposed schemes exhibit proper performances in comparison with the recently proposed STFBCs. The most outstanding characteristic of the newly introduced high-rate codes is the linear complexity of the... 

The plan of the environment used in a ray tracing simulation is not usually in exact accordance with the actual environment plan. Errors on the order of several centimeters may be present in describing the lateral wall positions. Such errors are comparable to the wavelength in indoor wireless applications and hence, can severely alter the phases of multipath components and lead to inaccurate electromagnetic field at the receiver. In this paper, the impact of this type of geometrical errors on the ray tracing results is investigated. Lateral wall positions are considered as random variables to account for possible geometrical errors. The statistical moments of some channel parameters are... 

Cell search is a crucial process in the synchronization procedure for the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) system. In this paper, a high-speed, low-complexity and reliable architecture is proposed for both steps of cell search: sector ID and cell ID group detection. For the sector ID detection, two novel methods, sign-bit reduction and wise resource sharing, are proposed. In addition, for the cell ID group detection, we proposed an algorithm based on the Maximum Likelihood Sequence Detection (MLSD) called 'sign-bit MLSD'. Simulations show that the proposed methods result in more than 90% reduction in area compared to the state-of-the-art. We designed and... 

Sensor networks with sensing, data processing and communicating capabilities have a broad spectrum of applications. Based on application requirements, various network configurations can be designed. One such robust configuration is a hybrid wired-cum-wireless sensor network that is composed of a wireless sensor network and a wired backbone which are inter-connected via access points. In this paper, the joint problem of configuring a hybrid wired-cum-wireless sensor network, position-constrained cluster head and access point placement is proposed. The design considers real wireless communication limitations, optimum locations of access points and cluster heads, and hybrid transmission... 

Accurate modeling of sea clutter and detection of low observable targets within sea clutter are the major goals of radar signal processing applications. Recently, fractal geometry has been applied to the analysis of high range resolution radar sea clutters. The box-counting method is widely used to estimate fractal dimension but it has some drawbacks. We explain the drawbacks and propose a new fractal dimension based detector to increase detection performance in comparison with traditional detectors. Both statistically generated and real data samples are used to compare detector performance  

The prime shortcoming of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is their energy constraint. The main energy consumer in a sensor node is its radio transmitter. One of the most effective methods to reduce the data transmission rate is data prediction. By data prediction, the amount of transmitted data is reduced; which results in energy saving and the longevity of the network life. Environmental variations almost have similar effects on different sensor sources in a sensor device. So, considering the correlation between different sources reduces the noise impact and increases data prediction accuracy. In this paper, temporal and multi-source correlations are used, to reduce data transmission in... 

Recent demands toward high-speed wireless networks are growing. IEEE 802.11n, as the latest standard toward achieving higher speeds, aims to enhance IEEE 802.11 for higher throughputs. There are few works which analyze performance of this protocol in single-hop networks in terms of MAC layer-based parameters. Most of these works suggest disabling the RTS/CTS handshake to reduce MAC layer overheads. However, the effects of this protocol on the upper layers, especially the network layer, are still unknown. This paper deals with investigating performance of the network layer over IEEE 802.11n. Through extensive simulations performed in NS-2 we show that although network throughput is improved... 

A simulation tool, based on Ray Tracing method, has been developed and validated for millimeter-wave band. This tool helps for predicting the signal level as well as the delay characteristics of a propagation channel. Since the resultant of the received replicas of the transmitted signal at receiver point can experience a deep fade and consequently the quality degradation, a proper diversity method can effectively alleviate this drawback. Using this simulation tool and extracting the received wave characteristics in a street scenario, an analytical expression for predicting the space diversity gain for the Selection Combining technique and Maximal-Ratio Combining technique has been proposed