Sharif Digital Repository

This research aimed at production of Cu-rGO via the combination of Molecular-Level-Mixing (MLM) method and powder metallurgy route (PM). First, Cu-GO composite powder was produced via MLM method. Subsequently, the resultant powder was mixed with electrolytic copper powder.Synthesis process included adjustment of the solution containing copper sulfate and 2Na.EDTA using NaOH solution. In the next step, GO suspension was added to the aforementioned solution. Finally, reduction of copper powder and formation of nanocomposite powder completed via the addition of Sodium Borohydrate. Nanocomposite powder was washed and dried in vacuum oven in 70˚C. GO reduction process took place using a tube... 

WC-Co hardmetals that are produced through powder metallurgy rout are vastely used as wear resistant parts. In these materials hard particles of wolfram carbide are embodied in a cobalt binder. Because of their high hardness and adequate toughness, hardmetals have found wide range of applications in cutting tool industry. During the last decades a number of researches have been carried out to improve their mechanical and wear properties by different binders and carbide particle sizes. Because of high hardness, Tungsten carbide has a good wear resistant. It has very low thermal expansion coefficient and high wetting ability with molten metals. Unlike high hardness, it has limited toughness.... 

In this study, Cu-TiC nanocomposites were produced by high energy ball milling of elemental powders and in situ formation of TiC in the copper base. Cu and 5,10,20 and 40 wt% Ti powder blend were milled for 60 h, then graphite powders were added and milling was continued for 10 h again and Finally Cu-TiC composite powders with 10.68, 20.16, 36.24 and 60.25 vol% of reinforcements (6.18, 12.2, 23.82 and 45.47 wt%) were produced. The effect of time on the solution of titanium in the copper was studied by X-Ray diffraction analysis (XRD). crystallite size and lattice strain of copper were determined 12nm and 1.04% subsequently for Cu-40wt%TiC after 60 h milling. to ensure the formation of... 

Nickel aluminides are intermetalics with complex structures that have high metlting points. However, brittlement at room temperature and low high_temperature strength (above 700 ̊C) can be mentioned as their short comings. Nowadays, many efforts have been proceeded to produce theirs composites, so that one can benefit from ceramics and intermettalics properties simultaneously. In this project, the main was aim to produce NiAl matrix nanocomposite reinforced with Alumina Al2O3. The composite is processed using milling and mechanical alloying. This is a good way to produce intermetallics and their composites with high melting points without any need to supply high temperature during... 

Due to the shrinkage defects, casting parts is sometimes unusable; as a result, researchers is tackling porosity removal problem, so that they would be able to cast parts in a way that have the least porosity. Nowadays, simulation is used to predict the location of the porosity. The design and the elimination of defects, which leads to additional costs, can reduce the overall costs in the projects.
In this thesis, we focus on shrinkage defects. The main cause of porosity is the drop of pressure. As a matter of fact, the thermal agitation of the molecules is weaker than the strong intermolecular forces that would pull the molecules; therefore, the molten metals’ density will be increased... 

In applications such as high duty sliding contacts and other electrical components requiring good electrical- and thermal-conductivity, proper mechanical wear resistance in combination with arc erosion resistance are required.The Cu/TiB2 nano-composite seems to be a good candidate for such cases. At present work TiB2 nano-particles has been selected as reinforcement, due to its valuable properties, i.e., high melting point (2850 - 2900 °C), low linear CTE (8.10 µmm-1 °C-1), thermal conductivity (60.0 - 120 W/m-K) as well as low specific electrical resistivity (10 - 30 μΩ.cm) and high hardness (25-35 GPa HV). Additionally, there are limited articles which have focused on evaluation of... 

In this study, the ultrafine-nanometric yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) particles were used for reinforcing of copper metal powder. To producing of bulk nanocomposite specimens, the copper powder and the proper volume percent of reinforcement powders (i.e. 2, 3 and 5) were mixed using Turbula mixer for one hour. Before the mixing of two metallic powders and ceramic nanoparticles, for separation of agglomerated zirconium oxide nanoparticles that witch leads to producing of nanocomposite specimens with satisfactorily distributed secondary phase, the ultrasonic devise with enough quantity of ethanol as neutral liquid have been used for 15 minutes. The powders mixture have been placed under... 

In this study, to synthesize molybdenum disilicide nano powder, mixed powder of Mo and Si were ball milled for 15, 30, 45 and 55 hours. By the results of the analyses, milled powders for time intervals of 55 hours were heat treated to release the stresses. This process was carried out in an argon vacuum tube furnace at 1000˚C for 1 hour. XRD analysis was carried for sample. Finally, MoSi2 powder with 86.62 nm crystallite size was used as reinforcement. Cu-MoSi2 composite powder with 2, 3, 5wt% were produced. Cu-MoSi2 with 2wt% reinforcement was milled for 60 hours. Powder composite was compacted by Spark Plasma Sintering . Microstructure of composite was investigated by scanning electron... 

Production of copper-zirconium amorphous alloys by mechanical alloying and the process of changing crystal structure to amorphous, was examined. The amount of progress of amorphization has been checked by x-ray analysis after different hours of milling. By increasing the percentage of zirconium in this type of alloy, the process of amorphization has been improved. But There is a limiting factor which is due to the tendency of zirconium to produce oxide and nitride phase. Also, the effect of excessive elements on crystal structure changing has been checked. Hence, adding elements like nickel or aluminum has a different effect on the process of amorphization. adding aluminum to the system... 

During the past few years, hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is of environmental concern due to its high toxicity and mobility. Therefore, removing it from industrial wastewater is of chief significance. In this research, efficient photocatalyst materials (xµLTiO2NPs@ZIF-8) for the reduction of Cr(VI) from water resources were firstly synthesized. This composite was prepared by an in situ method with zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 as the matrix. TiO2 and ZIF-8 were selected for their excellent stability in aqueous media, high photoactivity, non-toxicity, and high surface area. The structure of the as-synthesized materials was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron... 

Fabrication of porous hybrid coatings, specially in combination with carbon compounds, can improve the electrochemical behavior of the coating. In this study, graphene oxide (GO) was first synthesized by tour method. After examining different methods to create a porous coating, the electrochemical coating method for simultaneous deposition of GO and nickel on the copper substrate was selected. CTAB was used to form nanometer porosity in the coating structure. In order to investigate the effect of GO on the properties of the deposited coating, two porous coatings of nickel (Ni) and nickel reduced-graphene oxide (Ni-rGO) were investigated by different analyzes. These analyzes include FESEM... 

Polylactic acid (PLA) is considered as a great option to be employed as 3D porous scaffold in tissue engineering applications owing to its excellent biocompatibility and processability. However, relatively weak mechanical properties, low degradation rate and inappropriate biodegradability limit its extensive usage. In order to overcome the mentioned challenges, micrometric magnesium (Mg) particles were incorporated into the PLA matrix by the fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique. The effects of various Mg contents (i.e., 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 wt%) on the mechanical, thermal, structural, wettability, rheological, biodegradability characteristics and cellular behavior of the 3D porous PLA-Mg... 

It is well known that Cu/Al2O3 nanocomposites have high potential for use in structural, electrical applications which enhanced mechanical characteristics are required. In the present work, in order to improve the in-situ oxidation kinetic of solute element, chromium was used instead of aluminum. At the initial stage, elemental Cu and Cr powders were mechanically alloyed for 60h under argon atmosphere. It was followed by mechanically milling of Cu-Cr pre-alloyed and Cu2O powders. The nanocomposite specimens, containing different amounts of Cr2O3, depending on the Cr content in the range of 1-3 wt. %, were produced by in-situ oxidation of Cu-Cr pre-alloyed powders. To prevent oxidation of... 

Basically, it is required that the materials used as electrical contacts should have good thermal and electrical conductivity and certain strength. The copper base composites with fine TiO2 particles as reinforcement have almost identical electrical and thermal conductivity with copper; in addition, they have the advantage over pure copper in high strength owing to the dispersion of the fine TiO2 particles, which improve copper matrix strength through impeding dislocation movement. In this present work, at the initial stage, Cu and Ti powders were mechanically alloyed for 60h under Argon atmosphere, and then added Cu2O powders as oxidant. The specimens, containing different amounts of TiO2,... 

In this research a copper- Tungsten carbided nanocomposite coating prepared by electrodeposition from a sulfate bath in order to increase the hardness and erosion resistance of cooper without loosing cooper's specific physical properties as like as electrical and thermal conductivity. Various parameters were evaluated for finding significant factors in electrodeposition of Cu-Co/WC composite. Current density and concentration of WC and SDS were selected as affective factors. The morphology and structure were characterized by XRD and SEM. The mechanical properties of the coatings, such as hardness, wear resistance and surface roughness were studied with Vickers hardness indentation; pin on... 

Zinc oxide is a wide band gap semiconductor material with wide applications as conductive oxides used in electro-optical devices. Thin films of doped zinc oxide (e.g. Al:ZnO, B:ZnO) are already used in thin-film solar cell technologies as electrodes. Chemical bath deposition (CBD) is a promising method for fabricating transparent and conductive ZnO layers at low temperatures (<100 °C) on nonconductive and temperature-sensitive substrates. Having a natural crystal habit, ZnO readily grows rod-like arrays when grown in an aqueous solution by CBD, posing challenges when attempting to deposit dense and conductive layers. The purpose of this study was to deposit dense and conductive zinc oxide... 

This study aims to enhance the photocatalytic performance of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) for hydrogen evolution and pollutant degradation using a ternary nanophotocatalyst, NixCo1-x (X=0.4 and 0.8)/Zn0.8Cd0.2S (ZCS)/g-C3N4 (CN), under visible light irradiation. For this purpose, NixCo1-x (X=0.4 and 0.8)/ZCS/CN samples were synthesized via chemical reduction and hydrothermal methods. The structural, morphological, and photocatalytic properties of the samples were characterized using XRD, FTIR, XPS, BET, FESEM equipped with EDS, TEM, HR-TEM, UV-Vis DRS, UV-Vis emission, UV-Vis, PL, EIS, Mott-Schottky analysis, and DFT calculations. Water splitting and methylene blue (MB, C16H18N3SCl)... 

In this experiment, first the Fe and Al powders with atomic ratio of 25 and 75 were mixed by mechanical alloying process. After obtaining the optimum conditions of milling, nano structural Fe3Al powder was synthesized by 40 hours alloying with a Ball to Powder Ratio (BPR) of 20:1. The synthesized powder was then milled with different weight ratios of titanium and Cr for 30 hours. Morphological changes, size of powder particles, lattice strain, grain size and phase transitions were studied for different powders in different time spans during milling process by means of scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and grain size analyzer. The smallest grain size gained for milled powder... 

For application such as electrical contacts and spot welding electrodes, both high electrical conductivity and wear resistance are required. Additionally, such parts should have structural stability at evaluated temperature. Copper based composites containing carbides or oxides reinforcement can be the good choice for production of such parts. In present work, in-situ Cu/NbC composite via mechanical alloying with homogenous distribution of nano reinforcement particle has been produced. For this purpose, in first stage, copper powder was milled with 5, 8, 10 and 12 wt. % of niobium powder in two types of mills, i. e. vibratory dicky mill and planetary ball mill for 5 and 32 h respectively. At... 

In applications requiring high density and good mechanical properties, tungsten heavy alloys are of interest [1]. Due to lack of intermetallic phase in microstructure of 90W-7Ni-3Fe alloy, it is more attractive to use. At present work, the powder metallurgically produced specimens were cold swaged. At this work, during the production and swaging, some parameters were changed. Powders of tungsten, nickel and iron were milled for an hour with the speed of 50 rpm in Retsch Planetry/PM 400 MA ball mill. At the first route, elemental powders mixture after 1 minute were reached to 30MPa, after that were heated at rate of 50°C/min to 1500°C in vacuum (hot press or HP). At the second route, powders...