Sharif Digital Repository

Beta cells are responsible for secreting insulin to maintain normoglycaemia throughout the individual’s life. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by an autoimmune response that promotes the destruction of beta-cells within the pancreatic islets, resulting in lifelong inadequate insulin secretion. Encapsulating beta cells inside a semipermeable membrane to protect encapsulated cells from direct contact with the host immune system, is a new way to treat type 1 diabetes without the need for long-term immunosuppression. . In this case, the semipermeable membrane surrounds the cells and allows oxygen, nutrients, and cell products to penetrate bilaterally while... 

X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) is a widely used medical imaging technique that provides cross-sectional images by measuring the attenuation of X-rays in the body. However, the increasing use of CT has raised concerns about the potential long-term risks associated with radiation exposure. Various approaches have been proposed to reduce radiation dose, and one of the latest methods is sparse-view CT, which has gained popularity due to its lower challenges compared to other techniques. In sparse-view CT, data acquisition is restricted to specific angles, resulting in a significant reduction in radiation dose. However, this approach can introduce streak artifacts in the reconstructed images due... 

One of the novel methods of stabilization of nuclear waste is the use of vitrification technology. In order to stabilize high level wastes (HLLW) in glass, it is required that the elements are in their oxide form. Therefore, it is necessary to evaporate the waste and turn it into a solid form so that the elements can be converted into oxide form in the calcination furnace. Hence, one of the challenges of stabilization is the optimization of evaporation and calcination conditions. In this research, the parameters affecting evaporation were first investigated. Using laboratory measurements of application: temperature (110 to 180 °C), presence of nitric acid (0.5 to 4 mol/L), ratio of zirconium... 

This study used the emulsion liquid membrane method to investigate the extraction and separation of thorium from nitrate solution. According to the results obtained from the studies, Cyanex 272 was a suitable option for selectively extracting thorium. For simultaneous extraction and stripping of thorium from dilute aqueous solutions, an emulsion liquid membrane system consisting of Cyanex 272 as an extractant, Span 80 as a surfactant and sulfuric acid solution as a receiving phase (internal phase) was used. Emulsion liquid membrane method has high mass transfer flux due to high surface to volume ratio, which causes high extraction efficiency and fast transfer of thorium ions from its low... 

One of the most common spinal surgeries involves spinal fusion or vertebral fixation, which is used to treat various conditions such as intervertebral disc disease, scoliosis (lateral deviation of the spinal column), fractures, infections, or the presence of tumors in the spinal column. In this surgical procedure, the use of pedicle screws and titanium rods prevents motion and friction between two vertebrae. Screws may enter the vertebrae in the wrong position and angle, causing bone weakening, rupture of nerve roots or blood vessels, weakness or lack of sensation in some parts of the body, spinal cord injury, and in severe cases, paralysis of the patient. For this reason, fusion surgery is... 

Lithium is a soft, silvery-white alkali metal that is recognized as the lightest metal and the least dense solid element. The increasing demand for lithium, driven by the global shift towards electrification and sustainable energy solutions, has transformed this material into a crucial resource in the modern economy. Lithium has applications in various industries, including the nuclear industry. 6Li is used for the production of tritium, and 7Li, in the form of 7LiOH, is used to adjust the pH in light water reactors and as an anti-corrosion compound in fission reactors. In this study, the extraction of lithium from the aqueous phase using a Y-shaped microchannel was carried out, and the mass...