Sharif Digital Repository

Comprehensive numerical analyses are conducted to simulate and capture “Buzz” phenomenon in a supersonic mixed compression air inlet. The buzz is an unsteady self-sustained feature that occurs in supersonic inlets, especially when operating in their subcritical condition. In such a situation, the shock waves oscillate along the inlet and cause mass flow fluctuations inside the inlet that will deteriorate the engine performance significantly. An axisymmetric unsteady numerical simulation was used to solve the Navier–Stokes equations combined with the URANS SST k–ω turbulence model. The simulations for two different free-stream Mach numbers of M∞=2.0 and 2.2 and at two specific subcritical... 

Water flooding is being widely used in the petroleum industry and has been considered as a simple inexpensive secondary recovery method. But in fractured formations, existence of fracture system in reservoir rock induces an adverse effect on oil recovery by water flooding. Polymer flooding has been successfully applied as an alternative enhanced oil recovery method in fractured formations. But, the role of fracture geometrical properties on macroscopic efficiency of polymer flooding is not yet well-understood, especially in fractured five-spot systems. In this work five-spot glass micromodel, because of micro-visibility, ease of multiple experimentations and also presence of the unexplored... 

The present study investigates an energy management strategy based on reinforcement learning for series-parallel hybrid vehicles. Hybrid electric vehicles allow using more advanced power management policies because of their complexity of power management. Towards this feature, a Q-Learning algorithm is proposed to design an energy management strategy. Compared to previous studies, an online reward function is defined to optimize fuel consumption and battery life cycle. Moreover, in the provided method, prior knowledge of the cycle and exact modeling of the vehicle are not required. The introduced strategy is simulated for four driving cycles in MATLAB software linked with ADVISOR. The... 

In this work, optimization of metalorganic chemical vapor deposition process for uniform layer thickness with especial attention to reactor geometric parameters as decision variables is presented. A numerical solution to a steady thermal flow associated with multi-species and chemical reactions in atmospheric pressure axisymmetrical rotating disk reactor by the CFD technique is obtained. Such a simulation is conducted on the assumption that the low Mach number flow is laminar. Then the validation of the numerical results with the benchmark solutions is conducted. Finally, integrating the CFD simulator with an optimization program, based on the Nelder-Mead algorithm, as a new approach is... 

The role of motor control in development of low back pain is subject of many researches both in theoretical and experimental fields. In this work flexion-extension movement of lumbar spine have been controlled by three different methods, including feedback linearization (FBL), PD control and their combinations. The model involves 7 links: 1 link for pelvis, 5 links for lumbar vertebrae and 1 link for trunk. Torque actuators have been used on each joint to make them follow desired trajectory. In linear control method, equations of motion have been linearized with respect to upright position and then control signals have been applied in the direction of eigenvectors. Robustness of each method... 

The flow through an axisymmetric supersonic mixed-compression air inlet has been simulated numerically to investigate the effects and the necessity of the three-dimensional (3D) modeling in comparison with the axisymmetric one. For this purpose, a supersonic inlet has been simulated numerically via axisymmetric and 3D CFD solvers, using the steady state Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations along with the SST k-ω turbulence model, for a free-stream Mach number of 2.0 and at zero degrees angle of attack. The grid for the 3D cases was a 14.4-degree sector, instead of a 360-degree domain one, with rotational periodic boundary condition for the side boundaries. The results show that both... 

Urban air quality is a major concern throughout the world. The concentration of human activities in a relatively small area puts enormous pressure on urban systems and has led to numerous environmental problems which have created major problems for urban air quality management. The complex nature of air pollution, especially with respect to health impacts in urban areas, has prompted attempts to define the so-called indicators that condense and simplify the available monitoring data to make them suitable for public reporting and decision makers. Several concepts and indicators exist to measure and rank urban areas in terms of their infrastructural, socioeconomic and environment-related... 

The climate change and human development in lake catchments have put these habitats in drying conditions, e.g. Aral Sea in Asia, Lake Chad in Africa, Lake Mead in USA, Lake Urmia in Iran, etc. These ecosystems play an important role in social, ecological, and economic activities. Lake Urmia, recognized as an international wetland in 1973 and located in Iran, which is the second largest hypersaline lake in the world, is in the same state. Lake Urmia biologically and ecologically is one of the most interesting places in the world. This lake is a habitat for various species. The lake's surface has shrunken from 6000 km2 to 900 km2 in 2013. The statistics indicate that the population has... 

In this work, the formability of a hybrid material of Interstitial-Free 240 (IF240) steel and AZ31 magnesium alloy as IF240/AZ31/IF240 tri-layered sheets was investigated. For this purpose, the bonding feasibility of the high-formability IF240 steel and low-formability AZ31 sheets was first assessed. Then, the hot formability behavior of the manufactured laminated composite was evaluated. The rolling of the preheated samples established the layer bonding. The bonding strength was determined using the shear punch test. The texture and its effects on the forming behavior were studied using the x-ray Goniometry method. Nakazima dome tests were employed at ambient and elevated temperatures to... 

In this work, the formability of a hybrid material of Interstitial-Free 240 (IF240) steel and AZ31 magnesium alloy as IF240/AZ31/IF240 tri-layered sheets was investigated. For this purpose, the bonding feasibility of the high-formability IF240 steel and low-formability AZ31 sheets was first assessed. Then, the hot formability behavior of the manufactured laminated composite was evaluated. The rolling of the preheated samples established the layer bonding. The bonding strength was determined using the shear punch test. The texture and its effects on the forming behavior were studied using the x-ray Goniometry method. Nakazima dome tests were employed at ambient and elevated temperatures to... 

The increasing use of multi-party web conferencing applications demands for suitable multicast protocols. Limited bandwidth of typical internet user requires the underlying multicast routing to be efficient. In this paper we present HOMA; an application layer multicast protocol which has been tailored for small-scale multi-party videoconferencing applications. Considering the requirements of such applications, HOMA uses a heuristic routing to construct efficient multicast trees on the application layer. We have evaluated the performance of the proposed routing algorithm through simulations. Experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm performs better than the related algorithms... 

A hot gas generator is a compact heat exchanger that produces high temperature or enthalpy gases. This paper presents two methods for controlling the system. The first one is an adaptive sliding mode controller that is a Lyapunov based method and proposed to confront the dynamic modeling deficiencies and system uncertainties. The second one is a linear adaptive controller that gives a new attractive ability to the system which can track a complicated requested path. Each of the presented controllers has some capabilities that may be preferred to other. In this paper, these methods are extensively compared by several transient inputs. On the other hand, since heat exchangers are typically... 

The aim of this paper is to present analytical and exact expressions for the frequency and buckling of large amplitude vibration of the symmetrical laminated composite beam (LCB) with simple and clamped end conditions. The equations of motion are derived by using Hamilton's principle. The influences of axial force, Poisson effect, shear deformation, and rotary inertia are taken into account in the formulation. First, the geometric nonlinearity based on the von Karman's assumptions is incorporated in the formulation while retaining the linear behavior for the material. Then, the displacement fields used for the analysis are coupled using the equilibrium equations of the composite beam.... 

A rather new semi-analytical method towards investigating the free vibration analysis of generally laminated composite beam (LCB) with a delamination is presented. For the first time the combined effects of material couplings (bending-tension, bending-twist, and tension-twist couplings) with the effects of shear deformation, rotary inertia and Poisson's effect are taken into account. The semi-analytical solution for the natural frequencies and mode shapes are presented by incorporating the constraint conditions using the method of Lagrange multipliers. To verify the validity and the accuracy of the obtained results, they were compared with the results from other available references. Very... 

The objective of this study is to present a brief survey on the geometrically nonlinear free vibrations of the Bernoulli-Euler, the Rayleigh, shear, and the Timoshenko beams with simple end conditions using the Homotopy Analysis Method (HAM). Expressions for the natural frequencies, the transverse deflection, postbuckling load-deflection relation to, and critical buckling load are presented. The results of nonlinear analysis are validated with the published results, and excellent agreement is observed. The effects of some parameters, such as slender ratio, the rotary inertia, and the shear deformation, are examined as other parameters are fixed. Copyright  

In the present work, nanostructured aluminum titanate (Al2TiO5 or AT) was synthesized by the sol-gel method and potential effects of mechanical strain on its phase analysis, morphology, and thermal stability were investigated in some details for the first time, because the thermal instability of AT is beneficial to the fabrication of in-situ aluminum matrix composites. To characterize the particle distribution, microstructure and thermal durability of AT after the strain induction, field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and x-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) were utilized. The experimental results showed that a 3-h ball milling process... 

In this paper the question of the emission of fermions in the process of dilaton black hole evolution and its characteristics for different dilaton coupling constants α are studied. The main quantity of interest, the greybody factors, are calculated both numerically and in analytical approximation. The dependence of the rates of evaporation and behaviour on the dilaton coupling constant is analysed. Having calculated the greybody factors, we are able to address the question of the final fate of the dilaton black hole. For that we also need to perform dynamical treatment of the solution by considering the backreaction, which will show a crucial effect on the final result. We find a transition... 

In pebble bed reactors, the core is filled with thousands of graphite and fuel pebbles. Fuel pebbles in these reactors consist of TRISO particles, which are embedded in a graphite matrix stochastically. The reactor core is also stochastically filled with pebbles. These two stochastic geometries comprise the so-called double heterogeneous nature of this type of reactor. In this paper, a pebble bed reactor, the HTR-10, is used to demonstrate a treatment of this double heterogeneity using the MCNP5 Monte Carlo code and MATLAB programming. In this technique, TRISO particles are modeled in a pebble using the expanded FILL and LATTICE features of MCNP5. MATLAB is used to generate random numbers... 

The aim of this research is bonding of three-layered St/AZ31/St composite by roll-bonding process. The roll-bonding process was performed at three preheating temperatures, 340, 400 and 450°C, with thickness reduction of 30 to 68% and different thicknesses of intermediate layer (AZ31). In order to improve the bonding strength, the as-rolled specimens were annealed at constant temperature of 375°C. For evaluation of bond strength and investigating the formation of a diffusion layer, the results of peel test and microscopic images were studied. Tensile specimens were prepared along the rolling direction to measure the mechanical properties of the composite. The results showed that by increasing... 

Abstract: We consider the back reaction of the energy due to quantum fluctuation of the background fields considering the trace anomaly for Schwarzschild black hole. It is shown that it will result in modification of the horizon and also formation of an inner horizon. We show that the process of collapse of a thin shell stops before formation of the singularity at a radius slightly smaller than the inner horizon at the order of (Formula presented.). After the collapse stops the reverse process takes place. Thus we demonstrate that without turning on quantum gravity and just through the effects the coupling of field to gravity as trace anomaly of quantum fluctuations the formation of the...