Sharif Digital Repository

Methodology has always one of important issues in philosophy of science; especially in social sciences lots of challenges arise from this field. Each of positivistic and relativistic different schools, on their own ontology about human and society, had suggested different methods of social studies. Roy Bhaskar, as the others, offers a model for scientific method, on the base of his own critical realistic ontological principles; and tries to secure his model from the objections on previous models of scientific method. In this model, hi suppose empirical survey as an obvious and undoubted activity in science. Then, he transcendentally derives his ontological principles from this antecedent,... 

The philosophers of social sciences, in addition to epistemological questions-the questions about our knowledge of the social world- implicitly or explicitly, consider ontological issues: the questions about the nature of social world (society, structures and relations, people and actions). In Critical Realism, ontology and epistemology are linked. It means that what it is awarded, it is crucial that knowledge can be gained from it. This school, with a critique of Positivism and Hermeneutics, tries to authenticate ontological arguments and by reconstruction of concepts like causality, necessity, structure and stratification reality, forms the realist ontology and offers a novel solution to... 

Memory and recalling process has always been a basic question. Decoding the Long-Term_Memory is one of the first steps in answering this question. Since various experiments in the field of human long-term memory, was conducted. This research is motivated by a trial that in which, the Mgntvansfalvgram (MEG) has been recorded while recalling the color and orientation of a grading which is associated with an object, after the object has been shown. High accuracy in Decoding the mentioned color and direction, will be decoding the long-term memory. In order to enhance memory decoding, the research studies different classifiers such as sparse based classifiers and other popular one. It has also... 

In recent years there has been a great effort to enhance the computer-aided diagnosis systems, Since expertise elicited from past resolved cases plays an important role in medical applications, and images acquired from various cases have a great contribution to diagnosis of the abnormalities, Content based medical image retrieval has become an active research area for many scientists. In this project we proposed a new framework to retrieve visually similar images from a large database, in which visual similarity is regarded as much as the semantic category relevance, we used optimized wavelet transform as the multi-resolution analysis of the images and extracted various statistical SGLDM... 

Breast cancer is considered as the most common type of cancer in women worldwide and mammography is currently utilized as the principal method for screening the breast cancer. Breast Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used as a complementary imaging technique besides mammography. MRI technique involves scanning a patient before and repeatedly after the injection of the contrast agent (DCE-BMRI). This examination often takes 7-10 minutes and any movement of the patient’s breasts due to breath, heartbeat or deliberate movement, made in this relatively long acquisition period, leads to a distortion in images called motion artifact. This problem makes the quantitative analysis of the images... 

In the present work, edge-functionalaized graphene was used as electrode material and its electrochemical properties were systematically characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. Two methods were applied to modify the gold electrode surface. First method was the self assembling process of graphene nanosheets on gold electrode surface. Second method was simply casting specific amounts of graphene suspension on the gold electrode surface. Nyquist plots show decrease of the charge transfer resistance on the electrode surface at both cases. In cyclic voltammetry studies, first electrode shows no significant changes while the second electrode exhibits...