Sharif Digital Repository

Epistemic logic gets its start with the recognition of the systematic properties of epistemic concepts. These properties make epistemic concepts amenable for formal study, and become our tools to present logical models for them.“Certainty” is one of these epistemic concepts for which no comprehensive logical model has been presented so far.
Among the logical models that have been presented for “Certainty”, there are two main models which are more comprehensive than the others and all the other models may be extendable to one of them. In this thesis, these two main logical models that have been proposed for the concept of certainty are introduced and described from a philosophical... 

Cardio Vascular Diseases (CVD) is currently the most important cause of mortality in the world. Coronary artery disease (CAD-with 3 major epicardial vessels) is one of the significant CVD. Coronary angiography remains the gold standard for identifying the presence and absence of stenosis due to CAD. It is performed by inserting a catheter into the coronary artery, directly injecting radiopaque contrast material there and recording radiographic images in different view of arteries. Images of this invasive way show severity and area of stenosis.
A sign of CAD is endothelial dysfunction (inner artery layer) in peripheral arteries like the brachial artery. Due to a significant correlation... 

In petroleum related drilling, Barite particles settling and Barite sag as major problems in drilling wells can potentially impose significant operational issues. In this study, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and experimental investigation of Barite settlement in annular space were conducted in both static and dynamic conditions. The Euler-Euler approach was used to model the multiphase flow of solid Barite particles and drilling fluid. In this approach, the momentum lost between phases has been taken into account by means of particle-particle and particle-fluid exchange coefficients. The governing equations were numerically solved using finite volume method by CFD software package... 

Management of pharmaceutical wastewater is a serious environmental challenge due to the presence of bioactive compounds and their high stability in the environment and can play an important role in controlling persistent and resistant pollutants. Metformin, as a widely used drug in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, is considered one of the persistent and resistant pollutants in aquatic environments and has significant negative effects on the health of ecosystems. In this study, sodium chloride was initially selected as the optimal electrolyte from among the electrolytes sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, and sodium acetate. Then, the effective parameters including: electrolyte concentration (1... 

In today's era, metal nanoparticles play an important role in technologies emerging from different sciences, such as chemistry, physics, optics, material science, due to their unique characteristics. In the development of nanooptics science, it can be said that metal nanoparticles play an important role. The ability of conductive electrons collective oscillation causes surface charge density fluctuations in nanoparticles, this phenomenon is known as surface plasmons. Surface plasmons are surprisingly coupled with light and cause the significant increase in the intensity of optical fields induced in nanoparticles. Therefore, with the presence of localized surface plasmons or plasmon... 

Understanding of the Molecules is the main purpose of the chemistry. Ab-initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) as a branch of the computational chemistry, tries to give us a deep comprehension of the molecule, and its chemical, physical and optical activities. This comprehension, relies on the accuracy of quantum mechanics, in addition to the speed of the classical mechanics. The mixing of the quantum mechanics and the classical mechanics could simulate activities of the atoms in the time-domain, provided the mixing is done with precaution. This, in turn, helps us to forecast the response of a molecule in different situations, and also translating the macroscopic phenomena in a nanoscopic... 

To date, the plasmonic properties of many metallic and semi-conducting materials have been investigated and used in various industries. One of the plasmonic material categories that have always been considered is polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon or PAH, whose plasmonic resonance energy depends on the charge state of the molecule. In this regard, it is easy to change the plasmonic resonance energy via changing the induced charge, which is a unique feature of the mentioned materials. In addition, plasmonic structures with excitations in the infrared region are able to enhance the vibration intensity of absorbed molecules by increasing the electric field around themselves. Therefore, they have... 

Ultrafast signal processing in time-domain with high resolution and reconfigura-bility is a challenging task. This paper, for the first time, introduces a time-varying metasurface consisting of graphene microribbon array for implementing time-lens in the terahertz domain. Given that the surface conductivity of graphene is proportional to the Fermi energy level in the THz regime, it is possible to change the phase property of the incident electromagnetic pulse by changing the Fermi level while the Fermi level itself is a function of voltage. Upon this fact, a quadratic temporal phase modulator, namely time-lens has been realized. This phase modulation is applied to the impinging signal in the... 

In this research, the problem of locating fire stations and allocating equipment has been studied and a simulation-optimization approach has been presented to solve the problem. The mathematical models of this research were developed based on the idea of the randomness of the covered demand and the maximum expected coverage model. In these models, the issue of non-availability of equipment to cover accidents, the random nature of accidents, various fire incidents and the equipment needed to cover them are considered. Two mathematical models with deterministic and non-deterministic approach with different scenarios for demand are proposed. The non-deterministic model is developed with the aim... 

One of the main concerns of industrial companies’ managers is providing an efficient logistics system. To achieve an efficient logistics system, the fleet planning problem is studied by many researchers in recent years. This problem consists of multiple sub-problems at three levels: operational, tactical, and strategic. These sub-problems are closely related to each other and need to be studied and addressed in an integrated manner. In this research, an attempt is made to provide an integrated framework to solve the vehicle routing problem (operational), outsourcing problem (tactical), and fleet composition problem (strategic). These problems have various uncertainties, including customer... 

Resolvers, due to their robust structure, are widely used in automation systems. Among the types of resolvers, the accuracy of the Wound Rotor (WR) resolver in the occurrence of common mechanical errors is higher than other types of resolvers. therefore, in this thesis, an AFWRR is studied to improve the performance. Increasing the number of poles in WR resolvers is a good solution for increasing the accuracy of these electromagnetic position sensors. However, high-speed WR resolvers due to employing fractional slot windings suffer from rich sub-harmonics in the induced voltages. A common solution for suppressing the undesirable sub-harmonics is using multi-layer winding with appropriate... 

Using “Searchable Encryption” enables us to encrypt the data, while preserving the possibility of running search queries. One of the most important applications of the mentioned is in Cloud Storage. As users do not trust the Cloud space, they are not inclined to store their data on the Could. The solution to this problem is of course, Cryptography. However, ordinary Cryptography methods, eliminate the data’s searchability. Hence, we need encryption schemes that code the data while retaining their searchability. So far, various schemes has been proposed that differ in their performance, security level, and usage. In this thesis, we aim to discuss and analyze these methods  

In the last decades, due to the growing demand of transferring information with high transmission rates, the complexity and development of telecommunication and optical systems is remarkable. Researchers around the world attempt to explore extraordinary potential of light to process information. In the mid-19th century, scientists discovered a mathematical symmetry between the spatial and temporal optics fields, which originated from the similarity of equations governing the paraxial diffraction of beams and the dispersion of narrow-band pulses known as space– time duality in scientific texts. This new approach provides more advanced and potent methods to temporal processing and... 

One of the most vital aspects of understanding the traffic phenomenon is scrutinizing the traffic transition status, such as the transition from free flow to congestion. The Percolation Theory is a renowned theory focusing on analyzing various network types to detect the critical zones, which are the zones including links that are important to control to improve stability. By calculating the quality indices of network links, the Percolation Theory can simulate the traffic percolation propagation in the network and determine possible critical zones for further analysis. Most studies in this field assume access to data of several traffic parameters for the entire transportation network, such... 

In this thesis, the aim is designing an optical temporal imaging system. In recent years, due to many applications, including the receipt of high-rate data by slow receivers and compensation of dispersion in telecommunication systems, researchers have considered the topic of temporal imaging. This field of research is based on dispersion, electro-optical modulators or time lenses and space-time theory. By modeling dispersion properties as a depth dimension and taking ideas from three-dimensional spatial imaging systems we intended to increase the temporal resolution and depth of focus of the structure. We also present a novel technique for multiplexing and demultiplexing telecommunication... 

Traffic data plays an essential role in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) and offers numerous advantages, including efficient traffic control and system performance improvement. However, due to the scarcity of data collection systems, missing data in traffic datasets is inevitable. Therefore, traffic data imputation becomes an essential task. Graph Neural Network (GNN) is a type of neural network that operates on graph-structured data and has shown potential in handling traffic network related tasks such as traffic prediction and traffic data imputation. In this paper, we contribute to the body of knowledge with two aspects. First, we focus on traffic data imputation using solely... 

In recent years, optical biomedical imaging techniques show great potential in noninvasive imaging. Although these methods have many advantages over other biomedical imaging methods (such as Computerized Tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and etc.), these techniques confront with some problems such as optical scattering, light absorption and etc. For in vivo imaging, the short-wavelength infrared region (SWIR; 1,000–2,000 nm) provides several advantages over the visible and near-infrared regions: general lack of auto-fluorescence, low light absorption by blood and tissue, and reduced scattering. In this thesis we want to analyze the traditional IR imaging techniques and...