Sharif Digital Repository

The goal of this thesis is to understand the physical properties of lanthanum based manganites and barium based ruthenates. In order to obtain negative colossal magnetoresistance in manganites and fabrication of barium ruthenate in ordinary condition, the effects of variables such as ionic radii, chemical composition, temperature, magnetic field and processing in manganites and ruthenates systems are investigated. In the first part, the effects of potassium doping on structure, metalinsulator transition and magnetoresistance in )La1-yKy)0.7 Ca0.3 MnO3 and)La1-yKy)0.7 Ba0.3 MnO3 manganites systems are studied. Polycrystalline samples of manganites are synthesized by the sol‐gel method. In the... 

The coexistence of long-range magnetic order and superconductivity in the ruthenocuprate families, Ru1212 and Ru1222 has been studied both theoretically and experimentally. Historically these two different phases are incompatible with each other and in the most previous research reported on the coexistence of these phases, there have been observed separated magnetic and superconducting phases. However in the ruthenocuprate families, there is a single phase with both magnetic and superconducting phase which coexist with each other. It has been determined that superconductivity arises in CuO2 planes, and magnetic orders occur in RuO2. From experimental point of view, we have investigated the... 

Experiments indicate the important role of the electron-phonon interaction and crystal lattice effects on the electronic and superconductivity properties of the unconventional superconductors. Thus, in the theoretical studies of the mechanism of unconventional superconductivity, role of phonons and crystal lattice distortions can not be ignored. Based on this fact, in this dissertation, it has been tried to investigate the effect of phonons and lattice distortions in the electronic properties of some unconventional superconductors. For this purpose, we have used the ab-initio, density functional theory of the ground state and perturbed states, which is the most suitable approach when it is... 

There are two challenging problems with the physical properties of the recently discovered cuprate, Y3Ba5Cu8O19 δ (Y358): (1) the value of its transition temperature (Tc) and (2) its unknown crystal structure. While some reports argue that Tc of Y358 and its crystal structure are completely different from those of the YBa2Cu3O7 δʹ (Y123) compound, other reports indicate the similarity of both transition temperatures and XRD patterns (or crystal structure) of these materials. It has been suggested that these similarities are due to oxygen deficiency (δ) of Y3Ba5Cu8O19 δ or the decomposition of Y358 to Y123. In this thesis, we address these issues. At first, we have tried to answer the... 

After the discovery of high temperature superconductivity in (LaM)2CuO4, different type of cuprate superconductors have been synthesized. Among them, YBCO compounds (e.g. YBa2Cu3O7-δ) have drawn more attention by researchers due to some advantages such as easier conditions of synthesis high quality samples in comparison with the other cuprate superconductors. However, superconductivity properties of these compounds are very sensitive to structural imperfections; hence it is important to study the effect of the microstructure on the behavior of the compounds. The compound YBaCu2Ox (Y112) is one of these microstructures that may form in YBa2Cu3O7-δ (Y123) samples. On the... 

The most important researchers’ purposes in superconductivity are achievement of the room temperature superconductivity and to understand the high temperature superconductivity mechanism. Researchers’ goal in to increase the transition temperature by applying pressure, changing oxygen content, different doping, and changing stoichiometry in the families of the high temperature superconductors. In this research, which has been carried out in the Magnet Research Laboratary of Sharif University of Technology, samples of Y3Ba5Cu8O18, Gd3Ba5Cu8O18, and Pr3Ba5Cu8O18 have been synthesized by the standard solid-state reaction technique, the structure, electrical and magnetic properties of the... 

Physical properties of $Re_1 Ba_2 Cu_3 O_{7-\delta} (Re123)$ high-temperature cuprate superconductors attract many of physicists due to their high transition temperature (above Nitrogen boiling point), relatively simple synthesizing and high critical current density. Among this family, Nd123 and Sm123 single-crystal compounds have the highest transition temperature and critical current density in the magnetic fields less than 2 Tesla. In addition, due to the near ionic radius of Nd and Sm elements, it is possible to synthesize $Nd_{1-x} Sm_x Ba_2 Cu_3 O_{7-\delta} (0 \leq x \leq 1)$ compounds with no significant dislocation. In order to investigate the effects of such doping on electrical... 

In this thesis, we have studied systems called Ruthenates, which are common in possessing Ru element in their chemical compounds. Ruthenates are a group of transition metal oxides which have attracted so attention, especially in last years duo to their rich phase diagram which shows different orbital, charge and spin orderings.They cover a vast range of materials properties, from a Superconductor to Mott Hubbard insulator, from a paramagnetic metal to an antiferromanetic insulator. In these systems, substituting a covalent atom with structure base, leads to a vast variety changing, not only in electronic properties but also in magnetic and structural ones: Although Sr"RuO£ is a... 

Iron based superconductors that are studied more in recent years, have the same and different features with copper oxide high temperature superconductors which they can help in solving problems related to high temperature superconductors. In addition, these compounds have attractive physical characteristics such as superconductivity despite of presence of magnetic Iron element or other magnetic elements like nickel and cobalt (In other superconductivity groups, low doping of magnetic elements destroys superconductivity) and also concurrent presence of magnetic and superconductivity phases. The most reported transition temperature in these compounds is 56.3K in Gd0.8Th 0.2FeAsO compound.... 

System design, regardless of the type of system being considered, needs to determine parametersto maximize the system performance criteria.One of solutions of finding best system performance is using simulation optimization. In real world, end users have models with more than one objective and these objectives are conflicting objectives. There are a lot ofmeta-heuristic algorithms to solve multi-objective optimization problems. NSGA-II is one of the most popular proposed meta-heuristic algorithms to solve multi-objective problems. Because of using average to evaluate solutions, process of selecting new generations in this algorithm is such that in every generation some of suitable solutions... 

Y-based Superconducting compounds (YBCO) with different stoichiometry have been considered by researchers for its transition temperature above the boiling temperature of liquid nitrogen, preparation of high quality samples, simple crystal and electronic structure and other advantages relative to the other high-Tc copper oxide superconductors. Reaching to higher transition temperature has been considered in the recent years. In 2009, new compound of this family with different stoichiometry Y3Ba5Cu8O18(Y358) and transition temperature above 100 K was synthesized which is 10 K higher than maximum transition temperature in this family. Confirming this transition temperature can be help us for... 

In this research, we have used green tea polyphenols as green reductants for reduction of graphene oxide. Furthermore, for the first time, the presence of some metals such as iron, tungsten and copper in the efficiency of reduction is investigated. XPS spectra indicate that iron can be considered as one of the best choices for helping polyphenols in the reduction process. Hence, we used AFM, XPS, Raman spectroscopy and I-V diagram to characterize graphene oxide reduced by polyphenols and iron. In recent years, hydrazine has been recognized as one of the standard reducing agents for effective reduction of graphene oxide. In our analysis, it is found that the conductivity of our reduced... 

Hospitals increasingly use control charts to monitor clinical processes and their outcomes. In medical context, control charts should have stable performance when different patients with different levels of risk enter the hospital. In order to monitor multi-attribute medical processes, we propose a new control chart with entities having different levels of risk. First, risk-adjusted multivariate cumulative sum control chart (RA-MCUSUM) is developed. Then, simulation experiences are performed to demonstrate the application and to evaluate RA-MCUSUM performance in terms of in-control average run length (ARL0) stability with the one of a standard MCUSUM chart.The results show that while the... 

There is no satisfactory agreement between theory and experiment in the Hartree-Fock (HF) and density functional theory (DFT) calculation for metals, semiconductors and metals. It is clear that this discrepancy is attributed to the neglecting of correlation. For example, experimentally
LiF have the largest band gap about 13.6 eV among the alkali halides and show an exciton peak at 12.6 eV . Brener have obtained a value of 22.9 eV for LiF band gap in the HF approximation. DFT has been very successful tool in calculating the ground-state properties of materials. As
we expect, the band gap in LiF are underestimated in the local density approximation (LDA) calculation (about 8.3 eV) .... 

The discovery of superconductivity in compounds containing magnetic elements such as Iron, Cobalt and Nickel has attracted the attention of many researchers in last few years. Before the discovery of superconductivity in LaOFeP it was believed that the superconductivity and magnetic properties are in conflict to each other. Untill now, variety of researches in Iran has been done on preparation and characterization of Copper oxide superconductors without any attention to the Iron based superconductors. Accordingly, the main purpose of this thesis is preparation and optimization of LaOFeAs as the basis compound of 1111 Iron based superconductors using the solid state reaction method. This... 

The discovery of the iron-based superconductors attracted much experimental and theoretical attention in the recent years. BaFe2As2 is one of the highlighted materials which is the antiferromagnetic metal (below Neel temperature) and undergoes to superconducting and non-magnetic state by variety of doping, usually accompanied by a structural phase transition. Superconductivity is appeared in this system by doping Co and Ni at the Fe sites which is one of the excited situations in the physics of superconductors, where the magnetic doping suppresses the superconducting state. So, the study of Co doping of the electronic structure of this system, might lead us to better understanding of the... 

This research is focused on determination of optimum working conditions of a vessel power consisting of diesel engines, a twin input gearbox and a controllable pitch propeller. Combined dual input gearbox as an intermediate member of the power train is run by two diesel engines. This gearbox consists of gears, multi disk input clutches, and output. One diesel engine acts as master and works as primary driver, and the second diesel is used as auxiliary during excess power needs. Gearbox model includes nonlinear elements like multi disk clutch and gear backlash. Diesel engines are modeled as power sources controlled by PID control of power lever for maintaining the desired speed. Tejson-... 

Control charts are the best tools for determining the deviations in the main parameters of a process. Exponentially weighted moving average, EWMA, control charts are the best type for determining small deviations. Determining the control charts parameters by means of minimizing a cost model is economic design. Economic-statistical design is achieved by adding statistical constraints to the economic model. Average run length when the process is in control, ARL0, and average run length when the process is out of control, ARL1, are limited in the economic-statistical model. In this thesis the economic-statistical design of a multivariate EWMA control chart is considered and this model is solved... 

Diversity of new traffic patterns, due to new applications such as cloud computing, online gaming, Internet of Things (IoT), and Video on Demand (VoD), have pushed more dynamic behavior and faster reconfiguration to traditional networks. Elastic Optical Network (EON) is a new concept to response these requirements. Spectrum efficiency will be increased by exploiting OFDM-based elastic optical network. As a result, increasing fiber nonlinear effects would be a consequence of compression of spectrum. Optical Amplifier is used in optical networks to compensate fiber loss along the optical path. Amplifiers placement, in most of papers, is considered fixed at the end of each invariant span. This...