Sharif Digital Repository

Reducing the size of transistors has dramatically increased the impacts of NBTI, HCI, and EM phenomena in comparison with decade ago. These phenomena are able to have influence on properties of different parts of a chip to make it changed gradually; including threshold voltage of a transistor and electrical conductivity of interconnections. These changes are known as the aging of a transistors that diminish the performance and reliability of a chip. A common reason that plays a significant role in all these phenomena is temperature. The temperature becomes more important when the power density increases per unit area due to decreased size of transistors, which is a trend in multi-core... 

Deposition of solid particles present in the process air on the walls of furnaces is one of the challenges in industries. This phenomenon has various causes. For example, in a furnace, the temperature of particles increases as they pass in front of the furnace burners, and due to the softening of the particles, their chances of deposition increase when they collide with the walls. Over time, with the growth of deposited particle layers on the combustion chamber walls, the performance of the combustion system gradually becomes impaired. present research aims to design air jets intersecting with the process air path, with the purpose of reducing the temperature of particles prone to deposition... 

In many papers, GDP is used as a measure of economic growth, which is shown to possess a nonlinear structure. The study focuses on the nonlinear Granger causality between liquidity, government spending, oil revenues and economic growth by markov-switching vector autoregressive and markov- switching Granger causality approach for the period of 1369-1397 for Iran. The empirical results from MSAI(2)-VAR(4) suggest that Oil revenues and government spending have a significant impact on economic growth in both regimes. Also, markov- switching Granger causality results are quite different from the traditional Granger causality results, that suggests the nonlinear Granger causality has more... 

The use of microelectrode arrays in neural networks has offered a wonderful opportunity for evaluating numerous properties and interactions with excitable tissues such as the brain and spinal cord in the laboratory. In neural network applications, microelectrode arrays can be utilized to analyze nerve impulses or interact with neurons. They are either used to record neural data or to stimulate spinal cord nerves. Previous research has revealed that stimulating the spinal epidural region can help restore after spinal cord injuries (SCIs), which is the key to using them in the rehabilitation of living beings, including humans. According to the international campaign for the treatment of SCI... 

In this study, at first the V2O5 spent catalysts were characterized. The aim was to identifying whether these catalyst may be regenerated. Then, for feasibility study of them, three methods were applied: washing, diffusion and milling the spent catalysts for their subsequent reproduction. A variety of techniques such as XRD, XRF, AAS, TPR and TPO were applied in order to identify factors contributing in vanadium pentoxide catalysts deactivation. The results showed that approximately all of pollutants caused their performance deterioration, while they still have some active phases. Then, the polluted catalysts were washed (their yield increased from 43% to 72.2%). In the underside of the... 

Among different subfields of pragmatics some have been analyzed meticulously and some seem to be in a more stringent need of investigation. ILP rating is a novel branch of pragmatics studies through which various aspects and process of rating the L2 learners’ pragmatics knowledge are analyzed. Unfortunately, despite its great impact on learning and teaching second language, investigation of L2 raters’ behaviors and criteria has not been explored much. Problems in the process of ILP rating are very critical, as they can easily undermine the fairness of the test. Therefore, this study attempted to analyze overall 100 EFL teachers’ rating criteria (50 Iranian nonnative and 50 American native)... 

Conveying a successful message within a language profoundly stems from not only a linguistically appropriate utterance, but also a pragmatically appropriate discourse too. Broadly considering various facets of pragmatics, pragmatic assessment has not been potentially brought into perspective, and, as a result, the literature deserves more comprehensive attention. This study, guided by the principles of mixed methods design, pursued three purposes: to inspect the matches and mismatches, to explore rating variations, and to assess the rater consistency between the holistic and analytic rating methods of agreement and disagreement speech acts in L2 by non-native English teachers. To address... 

Fabrication and characterization of different surface charged cellulose electrospun scaffolds including cellulose acetate, cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose and quaternary ammonium cationic cellulose for biomedical applications have been reported in this research. We describe preparation of cellulosic nanofibers through the electrospinning following deacetylation cellulose acetate. Moreover, surface modification of electrospun cellulose nanofibers is carried out to obtain carboxymethyl cellulose and quaternized cellulose nanofibers, respectively. At last, the structural, morphological, mechanical, swelling, wettability and the cell culture properties of the scaffolds were analyzed and... 

Vocabulary knowledge is one of the main building blocks in the process of learning a new language and presents many challenges to language learners. Using computer software and online programs is suggested as possible approaches for overcoming some of these challenges. In the present study, the researcher attempted to study the effect of creating and sharing different sets of online flash cards on the use of vocabulary items among Iranian English for Academic Purposes (EAP) students. Thirty-nine university students in two groups participated in this study (29 males, 10 females). One group were instructed to create online flash cards containing the definitions of words and their synonyms and...