Sharif Digital Repository

The high vehicle congestion is the main contributing factor to air pollution originated from the engine's combustion in many urban areas. Grade separation projects have been used to solve this problem and have resulted in overall air pollution reduction in many cases. Many grade separation projects are constructed near sensitive urban locations accommodating susceptible individuals. This research argues that in such cases in addition to the overall air pollution reduction, air pollution concentration near sensitive locations is an influential factor for deciding the appropriate scenario. This research proposes a complementary simulation-based method for assessing the resulting pollution... 

Inefficient project planning and control have been identified as the main contributor to the reduced performance of the construction industry in Iran. Meanwhile, improper use of planning and control software packages (PPCSPs) in these projects can be a key factor in this reduced performance. This study investigates different aspects of the PPCSP applications to draw the role of PPCSPs in the planning and control processes of construction projects in the country using a survey-based method. It is found that only 32.5% of the construction companies in Iran highly or very highly use PPCSPs. The low level of skill and the lack of management support are two main contributing factors to this... 

This paper is focused on the development and verification of a heat attitude model (HAM) for satellite attitude determination. Within this context, the Sun and the Earth are considered as the main external sources of radiation that could effect the satellite surface temperature changes. Assuming that the satellite orbital position (navigational data) is known, the proposed HAM provides the satellite surface temperature with acceptable accuracy and also relates the net heat flux (NHF) of three orthogonal satellite surfaces to its attitude via the inertial to satellite transformation matrix. The proposed HAM simulation results are verified through comparison with commercial thermal analysis... 

Urbanization growth and aging infrastructures necessitate new infrastructure construction projects in congested urban areas. Urban construction projects interrupt the regular on-road vehicle traffic flow that affects air pollution concentration in the adjacent areas. The project schedule, however, is a possible contributor to the air pollution which has been neglected to date. This research proposes a new framework to account for the impact of different urban project schedule alternatives on air pollution emission near the construction zones. The proposed framework uses the capabilities of vehicle traffic simulation to evaluate air pollution emission of different construction schedule... 

The islanding of a distributed generation (DG)-fed distribution system generally results in frequency drop, which means less power is generated than it is needed. The only way of dealing with this problem is shedding loads as the system cannot generate any more electricity. Load shedding is intended to restore balance between generated and consumed power. This paper proposes a new method for load shedding based on the rate of change of frequency (RoCoF) at the first step and on voltage drop at subsequent steps. For this purpose, three lookup tables were created in order to prioritize loads to be shed according to the willingness of subscribers to pay and the RoCoF. The strength of the... 

In this study, the microstructural and mechanical features of monolithic pure Cu and Cu matrix nanocomposites reinforced with three different fractions (2, 4, and 6 vol%) of SiC nanoparticles (n-SiC) fabricated via a combination of high energy mechanical milling and hot pressing techniques were investigated. The fabricated composites exhibited homogeneous distribution of the n-SiC with few porosities. It was found that the grain refinement, the planar features within the grains, and the lattice strains increase with increase in the n-SiC content. The yield and compressive strengths of the nanocomposites were significantly improved with increases in the n-SiC content up to 4 vol%; then they... 

Bridge maintenance activities are often budgeted, scheduled, and conducted for networks of bridges with different ages, types, and conditions, which can make bridge network maintenance management challenging. In this study, we propose an improved maintenance planning model based on genetic algorithm for a network of bridges to bring a long-term perspective to the lifespan of bridges. To test the applicability and efficiency of the model, it was applied to a network of 100 bridges in one of the south-western provinces of Iran. The results of the model implementation showed considerable potential for improvement over the currently adopted model for bridge maintenance planning. © 2019 Sharif... 

Bridge maintenance activities are often budgeted, scheduled, and conducted for networks of bridges with different ages, types, and conditions, which can make bridge network maintenance management challenging. In this study, we propose an improved maintenance planning model based on genetic algorithm for a network of bridges to bring a long-term perspective to the lifespan of bridges. To test the applicability and efficiency of the model, it was applied to a network of 100 bridges in one of the south-western provinces of Iran. The results of the model implementation showed considerable potential for improvement over the currently adopted model for bridge maintenance planning. © 2019 Sharif... 

Cu/SiC nanocomposite powders with homogeneously distributed nanosize SiC particles were produced by high energy mechanical milling (MM). Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and micro-hardness and density measurements were performed to understand the effects of microstructure and hardness on compaction behavior during MM. The effects of SiC nanoparticle content and mechanical milling time on apparent density (AD) and tap density (TD) of the nanocomposite powders were systematically investigated. The Hausner ratio (HR), defined as TD to AD, were estimated to evaluate friction between the particles. Increasing MM duration and SiC content resulted... 

Attitude Determination (AD) is one of the key requirements of many current and emerging remote sensing missions. As such AD has been traditionally accomplished through a variety of algorithms and measurement models pertinent to sensing mechanisms. The current paper addresses conceptual validation and utility of a novel radiation based heat (measurement) model for space application. The proposed new Heat Attitude (HA) model utilizes temperature data to relate the Satellite Surfaces’ (SS) Net Heat Flux (NHF) to attitude assuming that the satellite navigational data are available. As Sun and the Earth are considered the main external sources of radiation, their effects are modeled for the SS... 

Copper based hybrid composites containing nano-sized silicon carbide and carbon nanotubes reinforcements with minimal porosity were fabricated via mechanical milling followed by hot pressing technique. Microstructures of the powders and consolidated materials were studied using scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning transmission electron microscope. Microstructural characterization of the materials revealed that the addition of nanosized silicon carbide reinforcement lowered the grain growth rate and enhanced the homogenization during mechanical milling. Microhardness measurements and compression test showed considerable improvements in mechanical... 

Cu/SiC nanocomposite powders with homogeneously distributed nanosize SiC particles were produced by high energy mechanical milling (MM). Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and micro-hardness and density measurements were performed to understand the effects of microstructure and hardness on compaction behavior during MM. The effects of SiC nanoparticle content and mechanical milling time on apparent density (AD) and tap density (TD) of the nanocomposite powders were systematically investigated. The Hausner ratio (HR), defined as TD to AD, were estimated to evaluate friction between the particles. Increasing MM duration and SiC content resulted... 

In this study, the microstructural and mechanical features of monolithic pure Cu and Cu matrix nanocomposites reinforced with three different fractions (2, 4, and 6. vol%) of SiC nanoparticles (n-SiC) fabricated via a combination of high energy mechanical milling and hot pressing techniques were investigated. The fabricated composites exhibited homogeneous distribution of the n-SiC with few porosities. It was found that the grain refinement, the planar features within the grains, and the lattice strains increase with increase in the n-SiC content. The yield and compressive strengths of the nanocomposites were significantly improved with increases in the n-SiC content up to 4. vol%; then they... 

Copper based hybrid composites containing nano-sized silicon carbide and carbon nanotubes reinforcements with minimal porosity were fabricated via mechanical milling followed by hot pressing technique. Microstructures of the powders and consolidated materials were studied using scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning transmission electron microscope. Microstructural characterization of the materials revealed that the addition of nanosized silicon carbide reinforcement lowered the grain growth rate and enhanced the homogenization during mechanical milling. Microhardness measurements and compression test showed considerable improvements in mechanical... 

The design of a new cable-driven robot for large-scale manipulation is presented with focus on the tension condition in the cables. In this robot, the arrangement of the cables is such that the moving platform has three translational motions. The robot has potentials for large-scale robotic manipulations, machining of large parts and material handling. The design analysis presented here is towards the synthesis of the robot as well as the sizing of the actuators and cables. The synthesis of this robot is dependent on the results of the tensionable workspace analysis previously published by the Alikhani et al. [6]. The analysis of the cable forces is presented in detail, which is then used to... 

A cable-driven mechanism based on the idea of BetaBot (2005, "A New Cable-Based Parallel Robot With Three Degrees of Freedom, " Multibody Syst. Dyn., 13, pp. 371-383) is analyzed and geometrical description of its workspace boundary is found. In this mechanism, the cable arrangement eliminates the rotational motions leaving the moving platform with three translational motions. The mechanism has potentials for large scale manipulation and robotics in harsh environments. A detailed analysis of the tensionable workspace of the mechanism is presented. The mechanism, in a tensionable position, can develop tensile forces in all cables to maintain its rigidity under arbitrary external loading. A...