Sharif Digital Repository

Folic acid is a pterin derivative containing a glutamyl moiety and essential for biological reactions. Pterins are a class of heterocyclic compounds with unique structures and biological functions. Tetrahydrobiopterine has been known to be essential for catalytic hydroxylation of aromatic amino acids by metal ions-containing aromatic amino acid hydroxylases. Metal ions at the active site of these enzymes have been inferred to be closely associated with the pterin cofactors in the catalytic reactions.Information on pterin-metal interaction may give clues to the role of metal ions in enzymatic reactions. With these points in mind, studies have been conducted to verify the formation of ternary... 

Cellular automata is a model for physical systems that has homogenous and simple components. Simple components, which are called cells, have local interactions creating complicated global emergent of behaviour. In the field of cellular automata, there are two basic problems: forward and inverse problems. Characterizations of cellular automata rule are studied in forward problem, but in inverse problem, there exists a description of cellular automata and we should find a rule or a set of rules that satisfy the given description. This problem belongs to the class of NP problems and hence heuristic algorithms such as evolutionary algorithms have been used for solving it. Since rules space and...