Sharif Digital Repository

This paper discusses the design of a high frequency wide bandwidth ultrasound transducer with the center frequency of 50 MHz and an aperture diameter of 3 mm for medical ultrasonic imaging. The piezoelectric material used in this design is Lithium Niobate. The design is verified by both KLM equivalent circuit and spatial impulse response method as used in FIELD II software and the theoretical imaging resolution has been calculated as 50 um axially and 80 um laterally. The possible applications of this probe are skin layer imaging, tumor detection and superficial blood flow measurement  

Designing efficient acoustic stack and elements for high-frequency (HF) medical ultrasound (US) transducers involves various interrelated parameters. So far, optimizing spatial resolution and acoustic field intensity simultaneously has been a daunting task in the area of HF medical US imaging. Here, we introduce optimized design for a 50-MHz US probe for skin tissue imaging. We have developed an efficient design and simulation approach using Krimholtz, Leedom and Matthaei (KLM) equivalent circuit model and spatial impulse response method by means of Field II software. These KLM model and Field II software are integrated, and a GA algorithm is used to optimize the design of the US transducer... 

This brief presents a systematic approach for the design of sparse dynamic output feedback control structures. A supplementary complexity cost function term is used to promote sparsity in the structure while optimizing an H2 performance cost simultaneously. Optimization problems in which a combinatorial sparsity measure is combined with a nonlinear performance cost function are NP-hard. NP-hard problems do not have tractable solutions, requiring either a numerical solution or a relaxation into a solvable form. Relaxations will introduce conservatism, but at the same time retain stability and performance guarantees. In this brief, a new relaxation methodology is proposed, which allows the... 

This paper presents a new framework for the optimal placement of actuators in uncertain dynamic networks. The objective is to select a subset of nodes from a set of potential actuator placements, such that the controllability of the network with norm-bounded perturbation is preserved over the entire uncertain region. Evaluation of robust controllability is known to be computationally intractable. The recent results of Babazadeh and Nobakhti (2016) are utilized to establish equivalent conditions for robust controllability of uncertain networks. It is shown that for a large class of dynamic systems, including undirected networks, the exact distance to uncontrollability is evaluated by solving... 

In this paper, the assignability of linear time-invariant (LTI) systems with respect to arbitrary control structures is addressed. It is well established that the closed-loop spectrum of an LTI system with an arbitrary control structure is confined to the set containing the fixed-modes of the system with respect to that control structure. However, the assignment of the closed-loop spectrum is not merely limited by the existence of fixed-modes in practical scenarios. The pole assignment may require excessive control effort or even become infeasible due to the presence of small perturbations in the system dynamics. To offer more insights in such more realistic scenarios, a continuous measure... 

In this paper, the optimal trade-off between control structures and achievable closed-loop performance is addressed. Incorporation of sparsity promoting regularization terms to the primary objective function is a well-suited approach in feature selection and compressed sensing. By the evolving role of distributed and large-scale applications, modern optimal control problems have been equipped with regularization tools as well. However, the system dynamics and convex/nonconvex constraints in optimal control framework limits the effectiveness and applicability of regularization, enforce iterative or non-convex heuristics, and pose extensive exploration. In fact, available regularized feedback... 

In this paper, the assignability of linear time-invariant (LTI) systems with respect to arbitrary control structures is addressed. It is well established that the closed-loop spectrum of an LTI system with an arbitrary control structure is confined to the set containing the fixed-modes of the system with respect to that control structure. However, the assignment of the closed-loop spectrum is not merely limited by the existence of fixed-modes in practical scenarios. The pole assignment may require excessive control effort or even become infeasible due to the presence of small perturbations in the system dynamics. To offer more insights in such more realistic scenarios, a continuous measure... 

In this paper, the vulnerability of large-dimensional dynamic networks to false data injections is analysed. The malicious data can manipulate input injection at the control nodes and affect the outputs of the network. The objective is to analyse and quantify the potential vulnerability of the dynamics by such adversarial inputs when the opponents try to avoid being detected as much as possible. A joint set of most effective actuation nodes and most vulnerable target nodes are introduced with minimal detectability by the monitoring system. Detection of this joint set of actuation-target nodes is carried out by introducing a Gramian-based measure and reformulating the vulnerability problem as... 

This paper presents a robust control scheme for an islanded microgrid in the presence of structured uncertainties. The microgrid consists of parallel connection of two Distributed Generation (DG) units and a passive load. The DG units are connected to the passive load by using the power electronics converters. The microgrid model is structurally uncertain due to the large perturbations in the load parameters. To deal with the uncertainties, a Linear Fractional Representation (LFR) of the parametrically uncertain system is obtained. To achieve robust performance, the μ-synthesis approach is applied to the derived LFR model to design a μ controller. The resultant controller is structurally... 

This paper presents a new robust control strategy for an islanded microgrid in the presence of load unmodeled dynamics. The microgrid consists of parallel connection of several electronically interfaced distributed generation units and a local load. The load is parametrically uncertain and topologically unknown and, thus, is the source of unmodeled dynamics. The objective is to design a robust controller to regulate the load voltage in the presence of unmodeled dynamics. To achieve the objective, the problem is first characterized by a two-degree-of-freedom (2DOF) feedback-feedforward controller. The 2DOF control design problem is then transformed to a nonconvex optimization problem.... 

This paper presents a new framework for systematic assessment of the controllability of uncertain linear time-invariant (LTI) systems. The objective is to evaluate controllability of an uncertain system with norm-bounded perturbation over the entire uncertain region. The method is based on a singular-value minimization problem, over the entire complex plane. To solve the problem, first, a necessary and sufficient condition is proposed to avert the difficulties of griding over the complex plane, and to verify the controllability of directed and undirected networks in a single step. Secondly, the results are utilized to formulate the problem as two Lyapunov-based linear matrix inequalities... 

This technical note considers the fixed-order H∞ output feedback control design problem for linear time invariant (LTI)systems. The objective is to design a fixed-order controller with guaranteed stability and closed-loop H∞ performance. This problem is NP-hard due to the non-convex rank constraint which appears in the formulation. We propose an algorithm for non-iterative direct synthesis (NODS) of reduced order robust controllers. NODS entails initial computation of two positive-definite matrices via full-order convex LMI conditions. These are then utilized by appropriate eigenvalue decomposition to directly obtain a suboptimal convex formulation for the fixed-order controller  

This paper presents a new robust control strategy for islanded operation of a microgrid consisting of several distributed generation (DG) units with arbitrary topology. Each DG unit is connected to its local load through a voltage-source converter, a series RL filter and a step-up transformer. The multi-DG microgrid with arbitrary connectivity graph is modeled as a linear time-invariant system subject to a parametric, norm-bounded uncertain block. By utilizing the developed model for multi-DG microgrids, a systematic approach for the design of structured dynamic output feedback control is proposed. A convex optimization problem is developed which yields a low-order dynamic controller of... 

A globally convergent algorithm for synthesis of sparse optimal state feedback (SOSF) control of linear time-invariant (LTI) systems is proposed. This problem is known to be NP-hard due to its combinatorial nature. A structured H2 norm controller design problem is intrinsically non-convex, even if a fixed structure is known in advance. The proposed algorithm minimizes the H2 norm performance index, simultaneously regularizes the sparsity of the control structure using the norm. It guarantees that the solution converges to a stationary point of the original problem. The algorithm is implemented using Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMIs) which are efficient, reliable and extendable to other... 

This paper presents a new robust control strategy for islanded operation of a microgrid consisting of several distributed generation (DG) units with arbitrary topology. Each DG unit is connected to its local load through a voltage-source converter (VSC), a series RL filter and a step-up transformer. The multi-DG microgrid with arbitrary connectivity graph is modeled as a linear time-invariant (LTI) system subject to a parametric, norm-bounded uncertain block. By utilizing the developed model for multi-DG microgrids, a systematic approach for the design of structured dynamic output feedback control is proposed. A convex optimization problem is developed which yields a low-order dynamic...