Sharif Digital Repository

To provide a stable foundation for human knowledge Descartes presumed that human being is composed of two distinct substances, the mind and the body. But, the solution through which he wanted to explain the correlation between these substances, was not accepted by other philosophers, and thereafter this problem was known as mind-body problem. This problem arises some other philosophical problems including solipsism and the problem of other minds. In this thesis, considering the grammar of such words like memory, understanding, and thinking I will show that having an exact description of these concepts we would be able to escape from these inclination to seek something behind these words, and... 

In Radiation Detection Systems applied in Spectroscopy and Imaging, if the rate of particle incidence with detector is high, the output pulses being stacked up on each other will be expected, which is known as “Pulse Pile-up”. Pulse pile-up might result in a serious disorder of energy and timing data expected from the pulses. In recent decades and after successful implementation of pile-up rejection methods on analog circuits, considering development and progression in the field of digital, different algorithms based on pileup correction methods have been developed to obtain all spectrum information, whether energy, rise time and recorded pulses. Such methods can be compared in different... 

Implementation and development of large infrastructure projects are considered as the most important tools for governments to achieve sustainable development. Need of enormous finance, high level of technology and massive workload are the main feature of these projects. These projects cause significant effects on economic, technological and even political and social status in nations. So the appropriate project delivery method selection is very important for the preparation and implementation of this kind of projects. Also, mistake in this field will bring irreversible costs and losses.
Thus, the appropriate policy in decision making process about the project delivery method... 

In radiation therapy, different radiation were used to cancer treatment. The use of hadrons is more common than gamma rays for cancer treatment. Hadron therapy is appropriate to treat cancers that are close to organs at risk and can be severely damaged by X-rays during treatment. The survival fraction of cells was irradiated is important during treatment. In this study, using Geant code, simulation of choroidal melanoma tumor in the phantom of the eye was performed. The linear energy transfer and dose data of proton beam radiation were calculated, in addition, the cell survival fraction were calculated using Survival codeand the Geant simulation data such as number of inputs and dose with... 

The process of urbanization and the dramatic increase in residential population lead to significant development in urban area, especially in metropolitan areas, and cause unpredicted challenges for transportation planning and the mobility of dwellers and products. One of the most heated discussions in urban transportation planning during the last decades is devoted to the nexus among urban spatial development, sprawl and poly-centricity phenomena, and urban transportation system parameters. Definitely, the drivers' behaviors have also altered rapidly during this process. Besides, the complicity of the nature of transportation models for predicting the travel demand of system is inevitable.... 

Research and information available shows that the number of natural disasters are increasing dramatically; hence disaster management is being raised as one of the most important topics in this field. The relief logistics is the greater part of disaster management model.
In this study, in order to manage the logistics activities effectively in a response phase of an earthquake, a hybrid meta-heuristic algorithm is developed for a transportation network. Then, the proposed algorithm is tested on a small part of Tehran.