Sharif Digital Repository

Hardware Trojans have emerged as a major concern for integrated circuits in recent years. As a result, detecting Trojans has become an important issue in critical applications, such as finance and health. In this work, a trusted platform for detecting Trojans in FPGA bitstreams is presented. The proposed methodology takes advantage of increased Trojan activation, caused by transition aware partitioning of the circuit, while it benefits partial reconfiguration feature of FPGAs to reduce area overhead. Simulation results, performed for the transition probability thresholds of 〖10〗^(-4) and 〖2×10〗^(-5), show that this method increases the ratio of the number of transitions in the Trojan... 

In recent years, in addition to traditional cryptographic blocks, a hardware blocks in this work namely PUF, has been used mostly for chip ID generation, authentication and so on. In this work we study recent proposed PUFs and their implementations on FPGA, and the measurement of quality metrics on them. Some of most important characteristics of PUFs are unpredictability, reliability, number of challenge response pairs and area. According to experiments that have been performed in this study and also according to previous work, one high-quality PUF in term of uniqueness and reliability is Ring Oscillator PUF. However, the disadvantage of this PUF is small number of challenge and response... 

Due to the expansion of digital system threats, trusted computation with a new approach for countering such threats has emerged. This approach is based on using a hardware module for implementing a trusted platform (TPM). TPM includes a chipset and the trusted systems core. Nowadays many of mobile computers do include this technology. This hardware creates trust using a trust chain and expanding this trust to other parts of the system. The starting point in this chain is the computer BIOS. BIOS is the first code that the system usually executes. One of the most powerful recent attacks on computer systems is to infect the BIOS and other firmware. One of such complicated attacks is the rootkit... 

Public key encryption (PKE) cryptography plays a big role in securing communication channels of internet. The security of every PKE scheme is usually based on a hard problem that has no polynomial time solution using any computational structure. However, widely used classic PKE schemes such as RSA or ECC, are based on hard problems that have polynomial solutions using a quantum computer. Therefore, such PKE schemes will not be secure in post-quantum era. Among quantum-resistant schemes, lattice-based cryptography and especially learning with errors (LWE) problem have gained high attention due to their low computational complexity. In this thesis, different LWE-based cryptosystems are... 

Cloud computing has a significant role in expanding applications of the Internet of Things (IoT). Currently, applications such as virtual reality and augmented reality require low latency, which is not achievable using traditional cloud computing in some scenarios. Edge computing is a new approach in IoT, which solves some of the limitations of the cloud computing by extending and developing its operations. Reducing response time and network traffic are some of the most important achievements of edge computing. Despite of its numerous advantages over cloud computing, edge computing faces serious challenges such as virtualization, implementation infrastructure, resource allocation and task... 

Due to the widespread growth in the use of IoT devices, authors consider these devices as an attractive target platform. Several approaches have been proposed to defend IoT devices against various attacks. However, most of them suffer from some shortcomings such as being computationally expensive, not being general, or not being robust enough.Due to the attacks such as firmware modification and the existence of computational limitations, the use of local approaches is inefficient. Another approach is to use remote attestation techniques, which are divided into two categories, static and dynamic. However, static detection techniques are vulnerable to runtime attacks. Furthermore, existing... 

A distributed ledger is a method of digital data storage and sharing in different places, and the blockchain technology is a way of implementing a distributed ledger. This technology has been employed in many of the cryptocurrencies like Ethereum to store transactions. In addition to storing transactions, Ethereum deploys scripts called smart contracts that are automatically executable. These scripts execute transparently and without preserving the privacy of participants. On the other hand, confidentiality and privacy are among the important components in data, network, and system security. Models such as Hawk and Enigma have been presented to obtain privacy-preserving in smart contracts;... 

Nowadays, with the advancement of internet of things, The number of nodes within the network has increased and there is huge traffic in these networks despite the small volume of data sent and received each node. The current architecture of the Internet network does not have the functionality required for Internet of things, as a result of designing a new architecture for Internet - based Internet of things. Content - based network is a new architecture introduced to the Internet, and its purpose is to change the network from host-centric to content-centric. One of the features of content-based networks is the use of in network caching that helps increase productivity and reduce the traffic... 

Today Internet of Things (IoT) applications are growing rapidly around us and alongside this trend, the topics of security and trust in this field are getting more serious. A big part of this field is composed of embedded systems. Remote attestation is a prominent security option in regards of attesting to the integrity of these type of systems and consequently establishing trust remotely. Remote attestation has been an active field of research to attest different type of systems against various types of threats. A noteworthy security hardware, enabling this type of process, is the Trusted Platform Module (TPM). Incorporating this chip in traditional personal computers for security purposes... 

Classic public key cryptographic systems are based on difficult mathematical problems that will lose their security with the advent of high-speed quantum computers. Isogeny-based cryptography is one of the five main methods in post-quantum cryptography, the hard problem of which is finding large-degree isogenies between elliptic curves. The most important advantage of isogeny-based protocols is the shorter public key length and the main problem is their low speed and low performance compared to other cryptographic systems. Due to the fact that these protocols are implemented on a finite field using basic operations, such as multiplication, squaring, addition, and subtraction, improving the... 

The amount of data over networks are increasing rapidly, and accordingly, smart devices are being encountered severe challenges by the advancement of security threats. In order to create safe communications among smart devices, employing public-key cryptography is needed. But, public-key and classic cryptography, such as RSA, have high computation complexities and are not resistant to quantum attacks. Due to mentioned reasons, using these types of cryptography algorithms in internet-of-things (IoT) devices is unreasonable. In the past decade, lattice-based cryptography has been one of the pioneer post-quantum cryptography members, which benefits from comparatively lower computational...