Sharif Digital Repository

In this article we present a new scheme to support multirate and multi-quality-of-service transmission in passive optical networks based on a hybrid wavelength-division multiplexing/optical code-division multiplexing scheme. The idea is to use multilength variable-weight optical orthogonal codes as signature sequences of a hybrid WDM/OCDM system. To provide the requested classes of service, the code weight and code length of MLVW-OOCs are designed based on the characteristics of the requested classes of service. In order to mitigate multiple access interference, we propose to utilize a multilevel signaling technique and interference remover structure based on advanced optical logic gate... 

In this paper, the power quality of a single-phase photovoltaic grid connected inverter when uses active islanding detection methods is investigated. Two main groups of these methods are analyzed in this paper. The main focus is on the output power quality of PV sources for these methods. Also the variation of output current THD, while the output power changes, is explored. The variation of output current THD is measured when the parameters of active islanding detection method are changed, and the limitation of these parameters for complying power quality standards in the nominal output power is detected. ©2009 IEEE  

Scattering of graphene surface plasmons that are obliquely incident on a line discontinuity in graphene surface conductivity is investigated. The analysis is based on a solution of the quasi-static integral equation for surface charge density. It is shown that the reflection coefficient of the graphene plasmons reaches a minimum at a specific angle of incidence that depends on the ratio of conductivities of the two regions surrounding the discontinuity. This effect, which is similar to the well-known Brewster effect, is pronounced for abrupt discontinuities, but becomes weaker as the width of the transition region increases. The results obtained can be used for the design and analysis of... 

Sectionalizing switches (SSs) are often presumed to function fully reliable. However, SSs are exposed to have some malfunctions, whereby undermining their ability to improve service reliability. This study presents a model to integrate SS malfunction probability into SS placement problem. The model aims to minimize the total SSs costs as well as customers interruption cost. The proposed model is formulated in mixed integer programing (MIP), which can be easily solved via several available solvers and gain global optimal solution. The proposed model indicates the extent to which the placement problem is affected by uncertainty associated with SSs functionality, and how not considering SSs... 

Fault indicator (FI) plays a crucial rule in enhancing service reliability in distribution systems. This device brings substantial benefits for fault management procedure by speeding up fault location procedure. This paper intends to develop a new optimization model to optimally deploy FI in distribution systems. The proposed model aims to consider a tradeoff between the total customer interruption cost and FI relevant costs, including capital investment, installation, and maintenance costs. As the main contribution of this paper, the problem is formulated in mixed integer programing, which guarantees global optimum solution achieved in an effective runtime. Moreover, the model takes... 

Automation systems provide substantial improvement in service reliability through speeding up fault management procedure. However, this is at expense of high investments whose justification needs thorough cost/worth analyses. This paper introduces a mathematical model to optimally place automation system devices within distribution networks. The model establishes a trade-off between service reliability improvements and the relevant costs. Among different automation system devices, fault indicators and remote controlled switches are considered here. Also, the impact of manual switches is regarded since their number and location significantly affect the solution of the placement problem. The... 

Sectionalizing switches (SSs) are often presumed to function fully reliable. However, SSs are exposed to have some malfunctions, whereby undermining their ability to improve service reliability. This paper presents a model to integrate SS malfunction probability into SS placement problem. The model aims to minimize the total SSs costs as well as customers interruption cost. The proposed model is formulated in mixed integer programing, which can be easily solved via several available solvers and gain global optimal solution. The proposed model indicates the extent to which the placement problem is affected by uncertainty associated with SSs functionality, and how not considering SSs... 

Sectionalizing switches play a crucial role in enhancing service reliability to the end users of distribution networks. However, they might encounter failures, thereby causing interruptions in the networks. The existing switch placement models consider only the pros of switches in improving service reliability, while they fail to deem switches cons in possible failures and thus increasing system interruptions. This letter intends to show the importance of switch failure in the switch placement problem and the extent to which switch failure alters the switches allocation in a network. To do so, we develop a novel model based on mixed integer programming format to integrate the impacts of... 

Sectionalizing switches play a crucial role in enhancing service reliability to the end users of distribution networks. However, they might encounter failures, thereby causing interruptions in the networks. The existing switch placement models consider only the pros of switches in improving service reliability, while they fail to deem switches cons in possible failures and thus increasing system interruptions. This study intends to show the importance of switch failure in the switch placement problem and the extent to which switch failure alters the switches allocation in a network. To do so, we develop a novel model based on mixed integer programming format to integrate the impacts of... 

Automation systems provide substantial improvement in service reliability through speeding up fault management procedure. However, this is at expense of high investments whose justification needs thorough cost/worth analyses. This paper introduces a mathematical model to optimally place automation system devices within distribution networks. The model establishes a trade-off between service reliability improvements and the relevant costs. Among different automation system devices, fault indicators and remote controlled switches are considered here. Also, the impact of manual switches is regarded since their number and location significantly affect the solution of the placement problem. The... 

Sectionalizing switches (SSs) are often presumed to function fully reliable. However, SSs are exposed to have some malfunctions, whereby undermining their ability to improve service reliability. This paper presents a model to integrate SS malfunction probability into SS placement problem. The model aims to minimize the total SSs costs as well as customers interruption cost. The proposed model is formulated in mixed integer programing, which can be easily solved via several available solvers and gain global optimal solution. The proposed model indicates the extent to which the placement problem is affected by uncertainty associated with SSs functionality, and how not considering SSs... 

Sectionalizing switches play a crucial role in enhancing service reliability to the end users of distribution networks. However, they might encounter failures, thereby causing interruptions in the networks. The existing switch placement models consider only the pros of switches in improving service reliability, while they fail to deem switches cons in possible failures and thus increasing system interruptions. This letter intends to show the importance of switch failure in the switch placement problem and the extent to which switch failure alters the switches allocation in a network. To do so, we develop a novel model based on mixed integer programming format to integrate the impacts of... 

A Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) is a renewable energy-based HVAC system that extracts or supplies heat from/to the ground via a Ground Heat Exchanger (GHE). One of the most commonly used types of GHE in GSHP systems is the energy pile. In this realm, the GSHP system with a triple helix energy pile has become the focus of attention. To this aim, a comprehensive three-dimensional transient Computational Fluid Dynamics model of the energy pile with triple helix GHE and the surrounding soil is developed. The effect of several parameters, including helix pitch, helix diameter and pipe diameter, on the thermal performance of the system, is investigated. Simulated cases are chosen using the design... 

This paper presents a decentralized self-adjusting reactive power controller for the autonomous operation of a multi-bus medium voltage (MV) microgrid. The main objective of the proposed control strategy of each distributed generation (DG) unit is to compensate the reactive power of its local loads and to share the reactive power of the nonlocal loads among itself and other DG units. The proposed control strategy includes an improved droop controller whose parameters are adjusted according to the reactive power of the local loads. A virtual inductive impedance loop is augmented to the voltage controller to enhance the steady state and transient responses of the proposed reactive power... 

This paper proposes a new control strategy for the islanded operation of a multi-bus medium voltage (MV) microgrid. The microgrid consists of several dispatchable electronically-coupled distributed generation (DG) units. Each DG unit supplies a local load which can be unbalanced due to the inclusion of single-phase loads. The proposed control strategy of each DG comprises a proportional resonance (PR) controller with an adjustable resonance frequency, a droop control strategy, and a negative-sequence impedance controller (NSIC). The PR and droop controllers are, respectively, used to regulate the load voltage and share the average power components among the DG units. The NSIC is used to... 

This paper presents a robust dc-link voltage as well as a current control strategy for a bidirectional interlink converter (BIC) in a hybrid ac/dc microgrid. To enhance the dc-bus voltage control, conventional methods strive to measure and feedforward the load or source power in the dc-bus control scheme. However, the conventional feedforward-based approaches require remote measurement with communications. Moreover, conventional methods suffer from stability and performance issues, mainly due to the use of the small-signal-based control design method. To overcome these issues, in this paper, the power from DG units of the dc subgrid imposed on the BIC is considered an unmeasurable...