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Experimental Investigation of Asphaltene Precipitation and Deposition in Enhanced Oil Recovery by Low Salinity Waterflooding
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Ayatollahi, Shahabadin (Supervisor) ; Fatemi, Mobin (Supervisor)
Abstract
Asphaltenes are a polydisperse mixture of the heaviest and most polarizable fractions of the crude oil. They are defined according to their solubility properties as being soluble in aromatic solvents but insoluble in light paraffin solvents. Asphaltenes are usually responsible for many problems like wettability changes of the reservoir rock, pore clogging in the reservoir porous matrix and fouling in wellbore tubing and production surface facilities. Most of the studies in the literature, addressing the asphaltene precipitation and deposition (APD), are investigating natural depletion or gas injection process such as CO2 flooding. These studies show that asphaltene deposition and...
Compositional Simulation of Reservoirs Using Finite Element Method
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Pishvaie, Mahmoud Reza (Supervisor) ; Mobin, Fatemi (Supervisor)
Abstract
One of the main purposes of this study is to present a robust and yet efficient semi-discretized algorithm for compositional simulation. All the equations including both the mass balance and the phase equilibrium equations are solved simultaneously which forms a Differential-Algebraic set of Equations and is solved by utilizing an efficient MATLAB solver. Furthermore, another formulation and algorithm is proposed which is consisted of two sets of equations, the primary equations (differential mass balance equations) and the secondary equations (the algebraic phase equilibrium equations). The gradient terms in the primary equations are discretized by using finite element method (Galerkin...
2D Compositional Simulation of Reservoirs using Finite Volume Method
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Pishvaie, Mahmoud Reza (Supervisor) ; Fatemi, Mobin (Supervisor)
Abstract
One of the main purposes of this project is to propose an efficient and stable algorithm of a semi-discretized formulation for compositional simulation of oil reservoirs. In this algorithm, all the equations including both mass balances and equilibrium equations are solved simultaneously. The gradient terms are discretized by the Finite Volume Method (FVM). The resulting Differential Algebraic Equation, the so-called DAE, are solved by MATLAB functions. Another novel technique developed, handles each block equations set, separately. In this block-by-block scheme, there are two set of equations; the primary (mass balance) and secondary (equilibrium) equations. In the primary ones, the...
Experimental Investigation of Fractures’ Water Shut-off in Low Salinity Water Injection Using Preformed Particle Gels
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Fatemi, Mobin (Supervisor) ; Ghazanfari, Mohammad Hossein (Supervisor)
Abstract
As the reservoir matures, especially in fractured reservoirs, oil production is usually accompanied by the production of some unwanted water. Water production causes environmental problems and imposes high costs on the production system, including the cost of separating water and oil, corrosion of facility, and sometimes, leading to abandoning well. One way to solve this problem is to use gels as a blocking agent. Today, preformed particle gels are used as an alternative to in situ gels, which can solve some issues of in-situ gels, such as uncertainty in gelling time and penetration depth.This research comprises three main parts. In the first part, four samples of preformed particle gels...
Experimental Investigation and Modeling of Flow ّunction Variation in Enhanced oil Recovery Using Low Salinity/Smart Water Injection in a Carbonate Reservoir
, Ph.D. Dissertation Sharif University of Technology ; Ayatollahi, Shahaboddin (Supervisor) ; Fatemi, Mobin (Supervisor)
Abstract
Low salinity water flooding (LSWF) as an efficient enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technique is proved to affect both, fluid-fluid and rock-fluid interactions to potentially release the trapped oil from the porous rock. Despite more than one decade of extensive research works on the low salinity water effect (LSWE), there are still many parameters to be studied for very complex cases. Therefore, in the first part of the experimental study of the dissertation, a systematic investigation on the effect of the initial wetting state (water-wet or oil-wet) of pure calcite is conducted to study the importance of fluid/fluid and fluid/rock interactions for LSWE investigation. In the case of initially...
Investigating the Role of Molecular Diffusion on the Performance of Non-Equilibrium Gas Injection in One of the Fractured Reservoirs in Iran
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Ghazanfari, Mohammad Hossein (Supervisor) ; Fatemi, Mobin (Supervisor)
Abstract
Major parts of Iran's oil reservoirs are fractured carbonates, which need time to produce oil due to their much lower permeability than sandstone reservoirs. Molecular diffusion mechanism is an efficient mechanism in oil recovery from fractured reservoirs under gas injection conditions. The main subject of this work is to investigate the role of molecular diffusion mechanism in the non-equilibrium gas injection project and its role in increasing the oil recovery rate in two southern fractured reservoirs located in the west of Iran, taking into account the capillary pressure, as well as the change of interfacial tension closely miscible conditions is also investigated through simulation. The...
Pore Scale Simulation of the Fluid/Fluid and Fluid/Rock Interactions on the Performance of Water Injection
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Fatemi, Mobin (Supervisor) ; Pishvaie, Mahmood Reza (Co-Supervisor)
Abstract
Two-phase fluid flow physics in porous media is applied in various fields. Studies have shown that wettability and surface tension, which represent fluid-rock and fluid-fluid interactions, have a significant effect on the dynamics of the immiscible displacement. Although the effects of wettability and surface tension on the macroscopic behavior of fluid flow are known, there is less understanding of it at the micro scale. Considering the essential role of wettability and surface tension in various fields, this project seeks to investigate the effects of wettability and surface tension on the movement and distribution of fluids and the dominant displacement mechanisms within the porous media...
Experimental Investigation on the Performance of Preformed Particle Gel (PPG) in the Combined Injection of Low-Salinity Water and CO2: Conformance Control and for in the Naturally Fractured Systems
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Fatemi, Mobin (Supervisor) ; Ghazanfari, Mohammad Hossein (Co-Supervisor)
Abstract
Excessive water production in highly heterogeneous mature reservoirs (water flooded or affected by water zones) leads to increased production costs. Water production causes sediment formation, creation of corrosion, water treatment and disposal, and finally due to the inefficiency of production, it leads to closure of the well.Among the methods introduced to reduce water production, the use of polymers and gels as an affordable and effective method has been widely used in enhanced oil recovery processes. The main mechanism in this method is blocking or limiting the major paths of water flow (fractures or high permeability zones) and thereby increasing sweep efficiency in water injection....
Experimental Investigation on the Performance of Preformed Particle Gel in Improving Oil Recovery by Low Salinity Water Injection in Heterogeneous Porous Media
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Ghazanfare, Mohammad Hossein (Supervisor) ; Fatemi, Mobin (Supervisor)
Abstract
Water production from high permeability regions such as fractures and channels in the reservoir can be considered as one of the problematic issues in oil production. In order to control water production, chemical methods such as polymer injection, surfactant injection, and foam injection are widely used, among all of them, Preformed Particle Gel (PPG) is the most efficient method.By injecting the preformed particle gel into the reservoir and blockage of fractures and high permeable regions, Injected water bypasses to the target zone. In this study, preformed gel with a unique formulation was synthesized by free radical polymerization method in the laboratory.Nano-Clay and Nano-Silica were...
Cyclic Behavior of Interior Reinforced Concrete Beam-column Connection with Self-consolidating
, Ph.D. Dissertation Sharif University of Technology ; Kazemi, Mohammad Taghi (Supervisor)
Abstract
A significant amount of research in self-consolidating concrete technology is being placed in evaluating the suitability of the material for use in structural applications. However, research is needed to confirm the ability of self-consolidating concrete structural elements to adequately resist vertical and lateral loads. In a reinforced concrete building subjected to earthquake type loading, the beam to column connections constitute one of the critical regions and they must be designed and detailed to dissipate large amounts of energy without a significant loss of stiffness or strength. In the experimental part of this study, four full size interior beam-column subassemblages with 3.0 m...
The regulated market for kidneys in Iran
, Article Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social-Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 22 August 2011 through 23 August 2011 ; Volume 80 LNICST , August , 2012 , Pages 62-75 ; 18678211 (ISSN) ; 9783642309120 (ISBN) ; Sharif University of Technology
2012
Abstract
We study the kidney market in Iran. The most effective treatment for end-stage renal disease is a kidney transplant. While the supply of cadaveric kidneys is limited, the debate has been focused on the effects of the existence of a free market for human organs. Economists as well as medical and legal researchers are divided over the issue. Iran has a unique kidney market which has been in place for over 20 years, frequently reporting surprising success in reducing the waiting list for kidneys. This paper demonstrates how the Iranian system works
Cyclic behaviour of interior reinforced concrete beam-column connection with self-consolidating concrete
, Article Structural Concrete ; Volume 17, Issue 4 , 2016 , Pages 618-629 ; 14644177 (ISSN) ; Kazemi, M. T ; Attari, N. K. A ; Sharif University of Technology
Wiley-Blackwell
2016
Abstract
A significant amount of research on self-consolidating concrete (SCC) technology has been devoted to evaluating the suitability of the material for its use in structural applications. However, more research is required to confirm the adequacy of SCC structural members for resisting gravity and seismic loads. This study focuses on the experimental investigation of the seismic performance of interior reinforced concrete beam-column connections with SCC. Four beam-column connection specimens, three with SCC and one with normally vibrated concrete (NC), were designed for this experimental study. Factors such as concrete type (SCC or NC) and axial load ratio (0, 7.5 and 15 % of column section...
The effect of geometrical properties of reservoir shale barriers on the performance of Steam-assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD)
, Article Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization and Environmental Effects ; Volume 34, Issue 23 , 2012 , Pages 2178-2191 ; 15567036 (ISSN) ; Sharif University of Technology
2012
Abstract
Many bitumen reservoirs contain shale layers of varying thickness, lateral extent, and frequency. These shale layers, depending on their size, vertical and horizontal locations, and continuity throughout the reservoir, may act as a flow barrier and severely reduce vertical permeability of the pay zone and slow down the steam-assisted gravity drainage steam chamber development. Therefore, to improve productivity in these reservoirs, understanding of the effects of reservoir heterogeneities has become necessary. This work presents numerical investigation of the effects of shale barriers on steam-assisted gravity drainage performance when applied to produce mobile heavy oil. The most concern of...
The applicability of expanding solvent steam-assisted gravity drainage (ES-SAGD) in fractured systems
, Article Petroleum Science and Technology ; Volume 28, Issue 18 , Oct , 2010 , Pages 1906-1918 ; 10916466 (ISSN) ; Sharif University of Technology
2010
Abstract
The aim of this contribution is to evaluate the performance of an expanding solvent steam assisted gravity drainage (ES-SAGD) process in naturally fractured systems. Steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) and ES-SAGD processes have been investigated in both conventional and fractured reservoir models and the effect of networked fractures on the recovery mechanism and performance of ES-SAGD has been investigated. Operational parameters such as steam quality, vertical distances between wells, and steam injection temperature have been also evaluated. Finally, to study the effect of a well's horizontal offset, a staggered ES-SAGD well configuration has been compared to a stacked ES-SAGD
Simulation study of Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) in fractured systems
, Article Oil and Gas Science and Technology ; Volume 64, Issue 4 , 2009 , Pages 477-487 ; 12944475 (ISSN) ; Sharif University of Technology
2009
Abstract
The Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) process, a developed Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) process to recover oil and bitumen, has been studied theoretically and experimentally in conventional reservoirs and models and is found a promising EOR method for certain heavy oil reservoirs. In this work simulation studies of the SAGD process were made on different fractured models consisting of fractures in both Near Well Region (NWR) and Above Well Region (AWR) and even in the presence of networked fractures. At early stage of the SAGD process in fractured system, steam moves through the fractures first and then the matrix blocks are heated primarily by conduction and possibly some steam...
Effective Permeability of Isotropic Overlapping Sandbodies in 2D Using Percolation Theory
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Masihi, Mohsen (Supervisor)
Abstract
Permeability is an essential parameter used for reservoir evaluation, simulation and management to optimize oil recovery. The conventional approach to estimate reservoir connectivity, conductivity, sweep efficiency and other critical information for decision-making is to build detailed geological models, which are then upscaled to a coarser grid where flow simulations are run. However, this takes many hours to be carried out even for a single realization practically. In practice, a very small number of realizations are considered and consequently the true uncertainty in the results is very poorly estimated. In this study, a statistical model of isotropic overlying sandbodies is used to...
Analysing the Effects of Monetizing Energy Carriers Subsidy on Expenditures and Welfare Criteria of Iranian Households
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Fatemi, Farshad (Supervisor)
Abstract
In this thesis, with a review on policy simulation and economic reform analysis literature, we design a suitable method to analyze the effects of monetizing energy carriers subsidy on welfare criteria of Iranian households. The selected method is limited general equilibrium that needs demand estimates of goods, services and energy. In firs step,based on 13 years of data on “Iranian Households’ Expenditures and Income” surveys, data are provided as a pseudo-panel. Demand equations are estimated using “Seemingly Unrelated Regressions” for panel data, and elasticities are calculated. In the next step, we evaluated the equivalent variation and equivalent gain measures in each price scenarios....
Adverse Selection in Iranian Life Insurance Market
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Fatemi, Farshad (Supervisor)
Abstract
This thesis finds evidence for the presence of adverse selection in the Iranian life insurance market. We use a unique dataset including more than one million policyholders’ profile information alongside their chosen life insurance coverage from the largest Iranian insurance company. Our results not only find evidence in support of adverse selection in this market, but also consider the magnitude of adverse selection relatively notable. Moreover, we found that in addition to the coverage, the other dimensions of contract could be the potential source of adverse selection. Particularly, we focused on the insurance duration and the payment method (monthly, annually, all-in-advance)....
Living with Uncertainty
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Azadegan, Ebrahim (Supervisor)
Abstract
Michael Zimmerman in his book Living with Uncertainty has objected to two views of moral obligation, namely objective and subjective view. Two overcome these problems he suggests a third view which he calls prospective view and tells us that our moral obligation is determined by the prospection that each of our choices give us. In this thesis first I review Zimmerman’s objections to objective and subjective view. Then I try to suggest a solution for the objective view
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Abedian, Ali (Supervisor)
Abstract
Retrofitting of old mechanical structures by composite materials is one of the most important issues of the world.High reproducing and replacement cost of structures leads to, researchers try to retrofitting old structures and increase their capabilities and so increase their service age. Their research results leads to decreasing cost in one hand and introduce new application of composites in aviation industry in the other hand.Retrofitting mechanical structures show us the important of elements with more stress than the others. The probability of failure is more in these element than the other that we call critical element.These elements in fact are critical parts of an aerial structures...