Sharif Digital Repository

An effective corrosion inhibitor for steel is Hexamine (HMTA). There have been few studies on its corrosion-inhibiting characteristics, particularly in NaCl solution. The electrochemical characteristics of HMTA performance in NaCl 3.5 wt% solution were examined during this study. Additionally, the properties of the HMTA film on the steel surface was investigated. When tested in NaCl solution, electrochemical results revealed that HMTA is a very efficient corrosion inhibitor for mild steel, with an efficacy of 92% at a concentration of 0.08 M. HMTA exhibited mixed type activity in terms of inhibition, according to the findings. Due to the physical adsorption of HMTA compound, as shown by the... 

Abstract: Intelligent pH-sensitive nanocontainers were successfully constructed employing the Layer by Layer (LbL) approach. FESEM, HRTEM, EDS, elemental mapping, zeta-potential, FTIR, TGA, SIMS, UV–Vis, and Tafel polarization examinations were subsequently performed on the nanocontainers. Following the LbL procedure, imaging evaluation using FESEM and HRTEM revealed a 42 percent increase in the diameter of SiO2 nanoparticles with a halo view. The effective layer implantation was confirmed by EDS, elemental mapping, and zeta potential recording. Electrostatic interactions between Hexamine (HMTA) compounds and distinct layers were discovered using FTIR. Nanocontainers were found to contain... 

Recent years have seen a significant increase in interest in smart anticorrosion coatings, which can detect corrosive situations and autonomously discharge corrosion inhibitors. The mild steel surface was coated with pH-sensitive nanocontainers that had been manufactured and doped into an epoxy coating. Elemental mapping, thermogravimetric analysis/differential scanning calorimetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods were used to examine dispersion homogeneity, thermal durability, and corrosion tolerance. The findings indicated that nanocontainers dispersed uniformly in epoxy and that doping nanocontainers had no effect on the epoxy properties. When immersed in NaCl... 

Tolyltriazole (TTA) is a well-defined corrosion inhibitor for copper and copper alloys. However, there is little literature about its corrosion inhibition performance for mild steels in corrosive environments. This paper studied the electrochemical behavior of TTA in 0.5 M HCl solutions. Also, the morphology and nature of TTA layers on the steel surface were investigated. Electrochemical results showed that TTA is an excellent corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in acidic media with an efficiency of 91% for 0.07 M concentration. The results also indicated that TTA is a mixed-type inhibitor. XRD analysis revealed that the inhibition mechanism of TTA is based on the formation of an organic film... 

Smart multilayered pH-sensitive nanocapsules were successfully fabricated using a Layer by Layer (LbL) process. The obtained products were characterized using FESEM, TEM, EDS and elemental mapping, zeta-potential, FTIR, TGA, SIMS and the Tafel polarization techniques. A 55% enhancement in ZrO2 particle size was detected in FESEM and TEM images with a corona view after the LbL process. EDS and elemental mapping analysis and measurements of zeta potential indicated the well-defined layered deposition. FTIR showed the electrostatic bonding between tolyltriazole (TTA) molecules and different overlapping layers. The thermal analysis and SIMS confirmed that 2.7% TTA loaded in nanocapsules. Tafel... 

In this paper, we consider multiple multicast sessions with intra-session network coding where rates over all links are integer multiples of a basic rate. Although having quantized rates over communication links is quite common, conventional minimum cost network coding problem cannot generally result in quantized solutions. In this research, the problem of finding minimum cost transmission for multiple multicast sessions with network coding is addressed. It is assumed that the rate of coded packet injection at every link of each session takes quantized values. First, this problem is formulated as a mixed integer linear programming problem, and then it is proved that this problem is strongly... 

This work describes a very simple, novel and selective spectrophotmetric method for simultaneous determination of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim in pharmaceutical preparation and synthetics samples using direct orthogonal signal correction-partial least squares (DOSC-PLS). The all factors affecting on the sensitivity were optimized and the linear dynamic range for determining of these drugs was found. The PLS modeling was used for the multivariate calibration of the spectrophotometric data and DOSC was used for preprocessing of data matrices and the prediction results of model. The experimental calibration matrix was designed by measuring the absorbance over the range 200-400 nm for 32... 

Although hematite (i.e., α-Fe2O3) has been widely investigated in photoelectrochemical water oxidation studies due to its high theoretical photocurrent density, it still suffers from serious surface charge recombination and low photoelectrochemical stability. Here we report an in situ electrochemical method to form a uniform and ultrathin (i.e., 3-5 nm) passivation layer all over the pores of an optimized ∼3.2% Ti-doped α-Fe2O3 photoanode. We unveil the amorphous and defective nature of the in situ derived layer assigned to a high concentration of oxygen vacancies and intercalated potassium atoms there, i.e., the formation of Ti/K co-doped defective α-Fe2O3−x. Owing to the efficient... 

In the endurance time (ET) method, structures are subjected to a specially designed intensifying ground acceleration function and their performance is judged based on their response at various excitation levels. A range of equivalent intensities can be covered in a single numerical or experimental simulation, thus significantly reducing the computational demand as compared to full nonlinear response-history analyses. The applied excitation intensity at various times has been correlated with those of the scaled ground motions. Response spectra of seven ground motions on stiff soil were used to produce intensifying acceleration functions that at each time window produce a response spectrum... 

The dynamic equivalent inclusion method (DEIM) which was first proposed by Fu and Mura (1983), in its original context has some shortcomings, which were pointed out and remedied by Shodja and Delfani (2009) who introduced the new consistency conditions along with the related micromechanically substantiated notion of eigenstress and eigenbody-force fields. However, these theories are bound to elastic media with isotropic phases. The present work extends the idea of the above-mentioned new DEIM to the dynamic electro-mechanical equivalent inclusion method (DEMEIM) for the treatment of the scattering of SH-waves by a two-phase circular piezoelectric obstacle bonded to a third phase... 

This paper puts forth a wavelet-based methodology for generating endurance time (ET) excitations. Conventional simulating practice expresses signals by acceleration values which are then computed via unconstrained nonlinear optimization. Dynamic characteristics of signals, including frequency content, are not represented directly in this type of variable definition. In this study, a new algorithm is developed to generate ET excitations in discrete wavelet transform (DWT) space. In this algorithm, signals are represented by transform coefficients. In addition, objective functions are modified in order to obtain transform coefficients and return the objective function values. The proposed... 

The endurance time (ET) method is a dynamic analysis in which structures are subjected to intensifying excitations, also known as ET excitation functions (ETEF). The ET method is a tool for structural response prediction. The main advantage of the ET method over conventional approaches is its much lower demand for computational efforts. The concept of acceleration spectra is used in generating existing ETEFs. It is expected that ETEF acceleration spectra increase consistently with time and remain proportional to a target spectrum. Nonlinear unconstrained optimization is commonly used to generate ETEFs. Generating new ETEFs is a complicated time-consuming mathematical problem. If the target... 

The relatively large number of structural elements and the variety of design code requirements complicate the design process of tall buildings. This process is exacerbated when the target is to obtain the seismic code-compliant optimal design with minimum weight. The present paper aims at providing a practical methodology for the optimal design of steel tall building structures considering the constraints imposed by typical building codes. The applicability of the proposed approach is demonstrated through the determination of the optimal seismic design for 20-, 40-, and 60-story buildings with a framed tube as well as a tube-in-tube system. Such a design gives rise to a basis for the fair... 

This paper presents a two layer texture modeling method to recognize architectural distortion in mammograms. We propose a method that models a Gaussian mixture on the Curvelet coefficients and the outputs of Spiculated Lesion Filters. The Curvelet transform and the Spiculated Lesion Filters have been applied to extract textural features of mammograms in literature. However the key difference between this study and the previous ones is that in our approach, a Gaussian mixture models the textural features extracted by the Curvelet transform and the Spiculated Lesion Filters. The results of the current study are shown in the form of accuracy and the area under the receiver operating... 

In this study, two moving-bed biofilm reactors (MBBR1 and MBBR2) filled with different size of carrier media (Kaldnes K1 and Kaldnes K1 micro, respectively) were subjected to soluble (sugar and sodium acetate (Ac)) substrate and mixture of soluble and particulate (particulate potato starch (PS)) substrate in a very high organic loading rate (12 kgCOD/m3·d) at different temperatures (26 and 15°C, in MBBR1 and MBBR2, respectively). The effects of carrier type and substrate on biofilm structure and reactor performance have been studied. Starch was removed by adsorption at the biofilm surface and hydrolyzed which caused substrate gradient in MBBR1, however, hydrolyzed uniformly within biofilm in...