Sharif Digital Repository

In this research copper oxide ores were dissolved under acidic condition. Chemical analysis (XRF) and X-Ray diffraction analysis (XRD) were used to identify the phases and determine the percentage and amount of the elements in the mineral. The results showed that the mineral contains 4.464% by weight of copper, which is malachite in mineral. The experimental design method (DOE) was used to dissolve concentrate by sulfurice acid. The parameters of temperature, time, acid concentration and solid to liquid ratio, as well as the interaction of these parameters on leaching and optimization of parameters were also done by response surface method (RSM). To determine the amount of copper dissolved,... 

In this research we developed a superhydrophobic and anti-wear coating on a glass substrate using SiO2 nanoparticles to form a transparent superhydrophobic thin film and SiC nanoparticles to improve the wear resistance of coating.
Silica nanoparticles were produced via a simple sol gel method from Tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) as precursor. Hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) and Tetramethylclourosilane (TMCS) were used as hydrophobic inducing agents and at last SiC nanoparticles were dispersed in the solution in order to provide wear resistance. The final results indicate the contact angle (CA) of water droplet on the surface was about 158° and sliding angle (SA) lower than 9°. Studying the... 

Topological combinatorics is an almost novel branch in mathematics whose dawn began to shine originally from Lovász studies at late 70's. The main purpose of the pursued subjects in this branch is to apply topological methods in order to conclude various combinatorial results based on the famous Borsuk-Ulam's theorem which itself is a very deep statement in algebraic topology and has many equivalent versions. For instance, one of these versions states that there is no continuous map f:S^n⟶S^(n-1) which behaves antipodally. In this thesis, we intend to take a considerably long journey in homology theory to pave the way toward a complete proof of this theorem and some of its generalizations.... 

The study presents a comprehensive electric arc furnace model for simulation and control application to predict chemical processes, heat and mass transfer. The model consists of arc module, chemical – slag module and heat transfer sector to observe fundamental phenomena affecting on energy consumption. Two modules act independently of each other and the two module calculations apply in the heat transfer sector. Arc module predicts the amount of energy dissipated from the arcs using arc currents and arc lengths; chemical and slag module calculates chemical energy, changes of elements/compounds, slag height and slag quality; while the heat-transfer sector uses calculations of the other two... 

The objective of the present research work has been the development of a model of optimal distribution electrical energy which may include distributed generators. Electrical distribution company has the option of receiving electric power from distributed generators owned by customers (Private Companies), DGs belonging to the electrical distribution company and purchase of power from market (high voltage network). The electrical distribution company would alternatively be able to sell surplus of its generation to the power market (high voltage network). The model of distribution system depicts the flow of electricity in each hour interval. The restrictions and bounds are the flows in each... 

Today, users can easily access network and Internet services from anywhere, anytime, using mobile computing devices, such as laptops, tablets, smartphones, and so forth This trend has diversified users and their need for network protocol-based services, including VoIP. VoIP is an Internet protocol for voice transmission and reception, which has become one of the biggest challenges in today's world of communications and telecommunications. Analyzing and evaluating the quality of network service (QoS) in VoIP traffic is an essential part of the process of ensuring and improving the quality of multimedia networks. Therefore, monitoring and measuring "users’ satisfaction" toward voice... 

Multilevel converters are considered recently as one of the industrial solutions for high-power and power quality demanding applications. Casacade H-Bridge (CHB) converter is one of the well known topologies among multilevel converters. CHB converter is characterized by its high modularity allowing its power to be easily increased. Modularity also allows any faulty cell to be isolated, so the load can be fed by the remaining operative cells, which leads to an unbalanced output voltage of the CHB converter. To avoid the unbalanced operation, recently a solution based on modifying the phase and the magnitude of the voltage refereces has been proposed. This thesis presents a method to control... 

Geotextiles are one of the most widely used materials in filtration and drainage applications. Since geotextiles are exposed to different stresses and hydraulic gradients, thier hydraulic behavior in real situations is of great importance. In this study, filtration and drainage of several nonwoven needle-punched geotextiles with different properties and unit masses per area of 200g/m2, 400g/m2, 500g/m2 and 800g/m2 under various confined stresses and hydraulic gradients are investigated. To get to these aims, permittivity and transmissivity apparatuses were designed and built in the course of this investigation. Then samples which were emerged for at least 24 hours were tested under different... 

Nowadays, the use of drones in search, rescue, delivery, internet sharing, and even entertainment operations is massively expanding. Therefore, receiving data from environment in order to identify the access routes and other variables can help us to save time. As requirements to achieve this goal are development of intelligent algorithms that allow complex tasks to be performed automatically.One of these algorithms is the reinforcement learning, which enables drones to plan routes needed to perform the above operations even in conditions where the environment is dynamic or there is no precise model. Intelligent cooperation between drones through data exchange can considerably improve the... 

In practice, structures made of concrete are full of cracks. The strength of concrete is mainly determined by the tensile strength, which is about 10% of the compressive strength. As long as cracking in concrete is unavoidable, we have to try to minimize their detrimental effects. This objective can be achieved by resisting (or limiting) propagation of existing cracks. Because of this, reinforcement (mostly steel) is used to increase the carrying capacity of the material and to control the development of cracks. Concrete structures that fail, already shows a large number of large and small cracks before their maximum carrying capacity is reached. The failure of concrete can be characterized... 

The main goal of this research is to evaluate the vertical and slant bolted endplate connections performance in steel moment frame structures under thermal effect in elastic range for two cases. In the first case, frictionless and in the second case slips with friction are considered. By finite element analysis, the connections are simulated to study the performance and verify simplified models of vertical and slant bolted endplate connections due to increase in temperature. The results of a vertical bolted endplate connection and a slant bolted endplate connection due to increase in temperature are compared the effect of slope of end plate reduction of axial force on beam is investigated.... 

nowadays, due to population growth, unconventional use of water resources and on the other hand, climate change, limited renewable water resources, reduction of groundwater cavities, the need for water for agricultural use and energy production are increasing. Due to the fact that each cubic meter of dirty water pollutes 40 to 60 cubic meters of clean water and the entry of polluted effluent into the receiving sources of environmental degradation leads to a lot of wastewater treatment, water consumption management and The development of wastewater treatment processes is also becoming increasingly important. At present, wastewater treatment plants face the challenges of high energy... 

Conventional methods of solving partial differential equations such as finite difference method, finite volume method, and finite element method require mesh generation in the problem domain. When these methods are applied to solve problems involving shock propagation, crack propagation or deformable domain, or in the case of mesh refinement, multiple mesh regenerations are needed which is laborious and time consuming. In recent years, meshless methods have been developed to avoid difficulties of mesh-based methods. Meshless Local Petrov-Galerkin (MLPG) method is a truly meshless method that does not rely on mesh neither in function approximation nor in the integration of the weak form. In... 

This research introduces a novel thermo-mechanical multiscale technique, utilizing machine learning, for simulating the compaction process of aluminum nanopowders with surface oxidation at various temperatures. The methodology employed involves the utilization of nonlinear thermo-mechanical Finite Element Method (FEM) for macro scale analysis, while employing the Molecular Dynamics (MD) method to calculate the mechanical and thermal characteristics of aluminum nanopowders at the nano-scale. The first part of the research presents a comprehensive study on the thermal conductivity of alumina-coated aluminum nanopowders, which is a crucial property for their application in powder metallurgy,... 

Concentrated photovoltaic systems (CPVs) allow simultaneous production of electrical energy and high-temperature thermal energy. These systems consist of a concentrator for collecting solar rays onto the surface of the recipient cells. Moreover, these systems are always facing the sun using a sun tracker. The heat generated by these systems can be used in industrial processes, heating, cooling, and water desalinating. Given the concurrent generation of power and high-temperature heat, it is possible to achieve higher efficiency than that of conventional solar systems. Furthermore, the electrical efficiency is also higher than conventional systems due to the use of multi-junction solar cells... 

Fracture is one of the most important engineering problems, and the lack of knowledge about this phenomenon will result in loss of life and property. Before the computer age, fracture mechanics has been studied by many analytical mechanics researchers; and after that, lots of attempts have been done to accurately model this phenomenon.
Finite element method, one of the best methods in Computational Mechanics, is common in computational fracture mechanics. Polygonal finite element is a new concept which has been recently applied in finite element analysis. This research utilized this concept in com-putational fracture mechanics. In another word, the crack discontinuity and crack tip... 

In this thesis, a fully coupled numerical model is developed for the modeling of dynamic cohesive crack propagation and hydraulic fracture in saturated porous media using extended finite element method. Many engineering structures like concrete or soil dams and buildings foundation are built with porous materials like concrete, rock and soil. Behavior of these materials in which void among the solid particles are filled with one or more fluids are so complicated rather than single solid phase. Dynamic analysis of porous mediums containing a discontinuity has many applications in various civil engineering fields including structure, earthquake, hydraulic structures, etc. For instance... 

The band gap offset is an effect of coordination numbers (CNs) of atoms reduction at the edge of transversal cross-section Si nanowires (SiNWs) which would be of increasingly important for greater shell-core ratio sections. In this paper, a hierarchical multi-scale modeling has been developed to simulate edge effect on the band gap shift of SiNWs due to geometry effect induced strain in the self-equilibrium state. Classical Molecular Dynamics (MD) approach and Finite Element Method (FEM) are used in the micro (atomic) and macro scale levels, respectively. Using the Cauchy-Born (CB) hypothesis as a correlator of continuum and atomic properties, the atomic positions are related to the...