Sharif Digital Repository

In this paper a holistic method and a local method based on decision template ensemble are investigated. In addition by combining both methods, a new hybrid method for boosting the performance of the system is proposed and evaluated with respect to robustness against small sample size problem in face recognition. Inadequate and substantial variations in the available training samples are the two challenging obstacles in classification of an unknown face image. At first in this novel multi learner framework, a decision template is designed for the global face and a set of decision templates is constructed for each local part of the face as a complement to the previous part. The prominent... 

The differential equation governing the motion of an electrically excited capacitive microcantilever beam is a nonlinear PDE [1]. Accurate analysis about its motion is of great importance in MEMS' dynamical response. In this paper first the nonlinear 4th order 2 point boundary value problem (ODE) governing the static deflection of the system is solved using three methods. 1. The nonlinear part is linearized and its exact solution is obtained. 2. For low applied DC voltages (not near pull-in) the solutin is found using the direct straight forward perturbation analysis. 3. Numerical computer solutions which are used for the previous solution's verifications. The next parts are devoted to the... 

Micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) have wide application in the development of sensors for the detection of magnitudes in almost any domain [1]. Resonant mode operation of micro and nano-scale oscillators have gained wide interest for applications including filters, amplifiers, non-linear mixers, atomic scale imaging, biological and chemical sensors. The device that we propose is an electrically actuated microcantilever beam. More precisely, in our design the microcantilever constitutes the movable plate of a micro-capacitor and its displacement is controlled by the voltage applied across the plates. Review of literature shows that the electric field pattern between the beam and the... 

A new method for forecasting the trend of time series, based on mixture of MLP experts, is presented. In this paper, three neural network combining methods and an Adaptive Network-Based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) are applied to trend forecasting in the Tehran stock exchange. There are two experiments in this study. In experiment I, the time series data are the Kharg petrochemical company's daily closing prices on the Tehran stock exchange. In this case study, which considers different schemes for forecasting the trend of the time series, the recognition rates are 75.97%, 77.13% and 81.64% for stacked generalization, modified stacked generalization and ANFIS, respectively. Using the... 

Despite tremendous efforts toward vaccination, influenza remains an ongoing global threat. The induction of strain-specific neutralizing antibody responses is a common phenomenon during vaccination with the current inactivated influenza vaccines, so the protective effect of these vaccines is mostly strain-specific. There is an essential need for the development of next-generation vaccines, with a broad range of immunogenicity against antigenically drifted or shifted influenza viruses. Here, we evaluate the potential of whole inactivated vaccines, based on chemical and physical methods, as well as new approaches to generate cross-protective immune responses. We also consider the mechanisms by... 

This paper first will describe @Home Mobile Robot and DC motors. In continuous, is designed a Direct current (DC) motor for special task due to specific speed diagram for considered robot. This robot wants to work in intermittent operation condition. Finally is done a speed control on a selected permanent magnet brushed DC motor using of Linear-Quadratic-Regulator (LQR), Linear-Quadratic-Gaussian (LQG) and Fuzzy logic controllers  

Emerging non-volatile memories (NVMs) are known as promising alternatives to SRAMs in on-chip caches. However, their limited write endurance is a major challenge when NVMs are employed in these highly frequently written caches. Early wear-out of NVM cells makes the lifetime of the caches extremely insufficient for nowadays computational systems. Previous studies only addressed the lifetime of data part in the cache. This paper first demonstrates that the age bits field of the cache replacement algorithm is the most frequently written part of a cache block and its lifetime is shorter than that of data part by more than 27×. Second, it investigates the effect of age bits wear-out on the cache... 

Respiratory virus infections are among the most prevalent diseases in humans and contribute to morbidity and mortality in all age groups. Moreover, since they can evolve fast and cross the species barrier, some of these viruses, such as influenza A and coronaviruses, have sometimes caused epidemics or pandemics and were associated with more serious clinical diseases and even mortality. The recently identified Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a Public Health Emergency of International concern and has been associated with rapidly progressive pneumonia. To ensure protection against emerging respiratory tract... 

Nowadays, leakage energy constitutes up to 80% of total cache energy consumption and tag array is responsible for a considerable fraction of static energy consumption. An approach to reduce static energy consumption is to replace SRAMs by STT-RAMs with near zero leakage power. However, a problem of an STT-RAM cell is its limited write endurance. In spite of previous studies which have targeted the data array, in this study STT-RAMs are used in the L1 tag array. To solve the write endurance problem, this paper proposes an STTRAM/SRAM tag architecture. Considering the spatial locality of memory references, the lower significant bitlines of the tag update more. The SRAM part handles the updates... 

In this paper, a novel microfabrication process of a six DOF thermal compliant nanopositioner is presented. The microfabrication process was based on bulk micromachining process. By using this process some important operational restrictions which are usually created by surface micromachining were removed. Moreover, this novel process does not need SOI wafers and needs only ordinary wafers. Therefore, it makes microfabrication process cheaper than surface micromachining processes where SOI wafer should be used. This method is completely appropriate for microactuators which have 120 degree misalignment. Finally, a primary test by using interferometer method was used to test connection of... 

In this paper, a novel microfabrication process of a six DOF thermal compliant nanopositioner is presented. The microfabrication process was based on bulk micromachining process. By using this process some important operational restrictions which are usually created by surface micromachining were removed. Moreover, this novel process does not need SOI wafers and needs only ordinary wafers. Therefore, it makes microfabrication process cheaper than surface micromachining processes where SOI wafer should be used. This method is completely appropriate for microactuators which have 120 degree misalignment. Finally, a primary test by using interferometer method was used to test connection of... 

After publication of this article [1], it was brought to our attention that there are some errors in the section of 'Authors' contributions'. The correct Authors' contributions should be: MK, FS, and AG collected literature, designed and wrote the manuscript. FS and MM edited and prepared the manuscript for submission. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. © 2019 The Author(s)  

Oncolytic virotherapy has currently emerged as a promising approach upon which scientists have been able to induce tumor-specific cell death in a broad spectrum of malignancies. Paramyxoviruses represent intrinsic oncolytic capability, which makes them excellent candidates to be widely used in oncolytic virotherapy. The mechanisms through which these viruses destroy the cancerous cells involve triggering the autophagic machinery and apoptosis in target cells. Interestingly, oncolytic paramyxoviruses have been found to induce autophagy and lead to tumor cells death rather than their survival. Indeed, the induction of autophagy has been revealed to enhance the immunogenicity of tumor cells via... 

Background: Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has shown noticeable oncolytic properties, especially against cervical cancer. However, in order to improve the spread rate and oncotoxicity of the virus, employment of other therapeutic reagents would be helpful. It has been shown that some viral fusogenic membrane glycoproteins (FMGs) could facilitate viral propagation and increase the infection rate of tumor cells by oncolytic viruses. Additionally, immune checkpoint blockade has widely been investigated for its anti-tumor effects against several types of cancers. Here, we investigated for the first time whether the incorporation of influenza hemagglutinin-2 (HA2) FMG could improve the oncolytic... 

Loss of lower extremities has been one of the main problems in human life. Although most of the available knee devices are aesthetically acceptable, there is a necessity for lighter and more compact mechanisms, especially for younger amputees. This problem can be solved by the combining compliant mechanism design with traditional mechanism design methods. In this study, one group of the prosthetics that is known as the compliant knee mechanisms" is evaluated. At first, the different knee mechanisms, such as fourand six-bar knee linkages are investigated to calculate the values of the control moments (actuator torque). Then, the suitable location (where the actuator torque is to be exerted)... 

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated malignancy remain a main cause of cancer in men and women. Cancer immunotherapy has represented great potential as a new promising cancer therapeutic approach. Here, we report Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a carrier for the delivery of oncolytic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) for the treatment of HPV-associated tumor. Methods: For this purpose, MSCs obtained from the bone marrow of C57BL mice, then cultured and characterized subsequently by the flow cytometry analysis for the presence of cell surface markers. In this study, we sought out to determine the impacts of MSCs loaded with oncolytic NDV on splenic T cell and cytokine immune... 

The copper/copper (Cu/Cu) interface has an important role in wafer-to-wafer hybrid bonding for 3D integration applications. Reports indicate the possibility of the formation of post-bonding interfacial voids and cracks which must be avoided. Here, we use molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the effect of annealing-induced tensions on the strength and deformation mechanisms of Cu/Cu interfaces. We perform tensile tests on the pristine and defective Cu/Cu interfaces including a prototypical interfacial grain boundary in two defective limits: the presence of a single (isolated) void, and an array of multiple voids. The latter resembles interfacial nanoscale roughness as a result of... 

In this paper obtaining the optimal configuration of the dual-arm cam-lock (DACL) robot at a specific point is addressed. The objective is to optimize the applicable task-space force in a desired direction. The DACL robot is a reconfigurable manipulator formed by two parallel cooperative arms. The arms normally operate redundantly but when needed, they can lock into each other in certain joints in order to achieve a higher stiffness, while losing some degrees of freedom. Furthermore, the dynamics of the DACL robot is discussed and parametrically formulated. Considering the geometrical constraints at a given point in the robot's workspace, the optimum configuration for maximizing the... 

The Dual-Arm Cam-Lock robot is a reconfigurable manipulator formed by two parallel cooperative arms. Based on the application, these arms may loose some degrees of freedom by locking into each other. However, they are considered as redundant arms when operating without any locked joints/links. In this paper, a method is introduced to find the optimal configuration of this manipulator. The objective is to find the configuration in which maximum cooperative force is exerted to an object in a specific direction. The dynamics of the robot is parametrically formulated for different configurations, and by considering the geometrical constraints optimization is performed using fine-mesh and genetic...