Sharif Digital Repository

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a cutting-edge medical imaging technique that enables the examination of functional activities in different regions of the body, particularly the brain. This technique involves injecting a radiopharmaceutical into the body, which emits gamma rays that are subsequently detected by the PET scanner to generate images. However, a significant challenge in PET imaging is the degradation of image quality due to noise and photon scattering, which can lead to diagnostic errors, especially in sensitive applications such as detecting brain diseases. Various image reconstruction techniques have been developed in the past to mitigate attenuation and scattering... 

In recent years, more attention was devoted to ECAE process than any other Severe Plastic Deformation (SPD) process. Repeatability of the process and high mechanical properties of the exit profile are the reasons of this attention. ECAE process carried out with conventional extrusion process, provides more strain and back pressure. In this thesis an analytical model based on upper Bound analysis and Bezier interpolation functions is presented and the effects of process parameters were studied. According to the presented model, reduction of inner corner angle φ, increases strain, strain rate and press force. Reduction of the outer corner angle ψ, causes the same effect. Moreover, decreasing... 

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging is a modern sectional imaging technique widely used due to its advantages in visualizing the physiological functions of body tissues. In this method, a radiotracer is injected into the body, concentrating in the area of interest. As the positron-emitting radionuclide decays, positron annihilation occurs, resulting in the emission of two gamma rays in opposite directions. The PET scanner detects these gamma rays; however, scattering may occur during their journey from the patient’s body to the detector, which can introduce errors in tumor localization. To reconstruct images and correct for these scatter effects, various techniques such as iterative...