Sharif Digital Repository

To study the interaction between energy sector and the Iranian economy, an energy-economy model has been developed which itself is a part of an integrated model of Energy Planning Support System (EPSS). The model is a dynamic computable general equilibrium (DCGE) model which evaluates the medium to long-term economic developments through investment decisions. Four groups of economic agents have been considered: households, firms, governments and foreign sectors. The economic behavior of each agent along with the institutional links among them has been modeled based on neoclassical theory of general equilibrium. Therefore, the model simulates the working of a market economy and solves for a... 

The rise in carbon dioxide levels has led to the manifestation of numerous environmental challenges. Currently, the absorption and conversion of carbon dioxide into valuable fuel resources such as synthetic gas, methane, and ethylene are deemed crucial from both environmental and economic standpoints. Despite the presentation of photocatalysts such as titanium oxide and electrocatalysts such as copper, silver, and zinc, their efficiency in CO2 conversion is found to be insufficient. One potential solution to this problem is the utilization of photoelectrocatalytic CO2 recovery. In this study, the aim was to enhance the photoelectrocatalytic reduction of CO2 by designing and manufacturing... 

In this project, in continuation of a PhD resreach undertaken in this research group in 2017, the synthesis and study of two new tweezer and linker molecule bearing azobenzene moiety were carried out, characterized by applying IR spectroscopy, ¹H and ¹³C {¹H} NMR, fluorescence spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, elemental analysis and X-ray crystallography. Firstly, interaction of T2 with meso-tetraphenylporphyrinato zinc(II) and aluminium tetraphenylporphyrinato were studied using the fluorescence spectroscopy. The formation constant of T2 in cis and trans isomer with ZnTPP was measured as 5.1(±0.4) ×108 and 2.0×108(±1074) dm6mol-2, respectively. The formation constant of T2 in with... 

For policy and decision makers, controlling pollution emissions are a real challenge. The best way to collect fiscal resources, optimal distribution of them to developing businesses in optimal energy production and reducing emissions, are important issues to be decided. Finding a monetary value emissions imposing to community is a key point to find out how they are affecting the whole economy and this will help decision makers to conduct better road maps and policies. Many different approaches and methodologies are used in literature to find appropriate answers to above mentioned questions and phenomena, in this research, integrated assessment modeling methodology is used, an economical... 

The purpose of this project is to synthesis of O2N3-azacrown ligands with 17 to 21 membered ring and investigation of their interaction with C60 according to increase ring size. These macrocyclic ligands can be used in C60 purification. In this project, change in macrocyclic cavity for finding the best macrocycle with appropriate cavity to C60 size has been considered. Firstly, five O2N3-azacrown ligands were synthesized and characterized by NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Interaction of these ligands were considered by electronic spectroscopy applying Benesi-Hildebrand equation. According to the results, it was found that the best macrocycle for formation of stable complex with... 

Fullerenes are molecular solid materials which are composed of 3D closed shell carbon-only structure. As soon as mass production of fullerenes was performed, the synthesis and characterization of endohedral fullerenes having at least one non-carbon element in the hollow fullerene cage, was started (in which about 30 atoms inserted in it so far). Furthermore, because of low efficiency and purity of these nano-particles, nowadays characterization of fullerenes is one of the most important research fields. In this project, we firstly optimized the fullerene production parameters in an arc discharge reactor to reach convenient efficiency. Then, the synthesis of endohedral fullerene by vaporizing... 

Overlay Peer-to-Peer networks opposed to their high scalability and more robustness against network errors, are more considerable rather than other content distribution approaches such as Client/Server and multicast video streaming. At this thesis we investigate the video streaming over these networks, which includes more than half of internet traffic nowadays.Localized video streaming is one of the techniques for improving quality of service (QoS) over peer-to-peer networks. With localization techniques, video chunks distribute among neighbors that have more proximity with each other and traffic is held localized over the network.We proposed a new metric for estimating network proximity of... 

In our previous work in this laboratory, macrocycle containingO_2 N_2 and O_2 N_3- donor set with various ring size were synthesized. The intraction of macrocyles with [60]fullerene were determined. In this research, we synthesized 22-membered aza-crown macrocycle ligand containing O_4 N_2- donor set and characterized by NMRspectroscopy. The intraction of macrocycle with [60]fullerene were also investigated by UV-Visible spectroscopy. The formation constant was determined applying Benesi--Hildebrand equation. The result has been showed that O_4 N_2 macrocyle had better complexation with [60]fullerene in comparision of O_2 N_3 and O_2 N_2 donor sets. Then, the interaction of O_4 N_2 with... 

Scene classification and understanding is one of the most important fields in computer vision. Its applications are such as exploring robot navigation enviroment, content-based image retrieval (CBIR), organization in image databases, highly semantic describing images and videos and content extraction of videos.Many methods and algorithm are proposed till today to deal with diversity of this field by emphesizing on feature based methods or machine learning based methods. In this research we have focoused on proposing a new algorithm which is using principals of NBNN image classification method but major changes in how to exract distance metric from Nearest neighbour and how to use local... 

One of the most common methods of producing fullerenes is electric arc vaporization of graphite. Due to the low yield and purity of the nanoparticles in this method, the synthesis and isolation of the area research is important. In this work, the production was improved in a multi-channel arc reactor in which having horizontal graphite electrodes. The influence of various operational parameters such as pressure of inert gas, spark time, interval time between two sparks, voltage and current were completely optimized. Moreover, the prominent advantage of the new reactor was increasing the number of manufacturing units, at least from one to three, which the production of fullerene was... 

As the applications of digital video is becoming elementary parts of our daily life both in entertainment and business, the amount of digital video data being transferred by or stored in PDAs rapidly increases. Despite the fact that H.264/AVC is very efficient in terms of compression efficiency, however it is too complex to be used in devices in which their battery energy is restricted and cannot bear this complexity. In this thesis, a fast mode decision algorithm is proposed which brings into play the correlation in content of the video frames and reduces the number of candidate inter modes to be evaluated.For each macroblock, the proposed method performs two steps: first step attempts to... 

The need for independent power generation has been increased in recent years with the growing demand in micro grid systems. Losses in power systems are unavoidable. These losses occur in transmission to distributionnetworks from the generation sites to the end-user loads. Reduction of power losses has been one of the reasons for engineers to be attracted by micro grid systems which include small size independent power generation units. However, in a micro grid with several DGs of different types and with all kinds of loads of variable nature, an optimal power balance in the system has to be achieved. This optimal objective, which results in minimal energy losses over a specific period of... 

Fatigue cracking has a major impact on the performance of flexible pavements. Many test methods have been established to evaluate and estimate the fatigue life of asphaltic materials. Most of these test methods cannot successfully examine the fatigue properties of asphaltic materials. Recent studies demonstrate that using a standardized composite, which consists of glass beads and asphalt binder, can simulate the stress states that binder experiences in the field. This research used standardized composite to investigate the effect of crumb rubber on the fracture properties of asphaltic materials. To validate the test results, the authors conducted fracture tests on the Fine Aggregate Matrix... 

In this research, four N2O2–azacrown macrocyclic ligands with naphthalene pendant arms (L1-L4) were synthesized using direct synthesis. The products were characterized applying 1H and 13C {1H} NMR spectroscopy, IR and Mass spectrometry. Interaction of these ligands with [60]fullerene and Cu(II) were monitored respectively by fluorescent as well as UV-vis spectroscopy and applying Benesi-Hildebrand equation. These intercations were compared with N2O2 macrocyclic ligands in previous experiments in terms of their calculated association constants (Ka). According to our results, the presence of naphthalene pendant arm groups led to increase the interaction with [60]fullerene compared to the...