Sharif Digital Repository

Dynamic and accessible web systems have gained utmost importance in modern life. Due to the competitive nature of such systems, they need to be superior as to performance, scalability, and security. Web systems typically require short time-to-markets, and it should be possible to easily implement new requirements into working web systems. These ideals have made agile methods especially suitable for developing such systems, as they promote productivity, facilitate continuous interaction with customers, and enhance the flexibility and quality of the software produced. When starting a web development project, selecting the methodology that fits the project situation can be an important factor... 

Use of computational modeling with a few experiments is considered useful to obtain the best possible result for a final product, without performing expensive and time-consuming experiments. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) can produce clean electricity, but still require further study. An oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) takes place at the cathode, and carbon-supported platinum (Pt/C) is commonly used as an electrocatalyst. The harsh conditions during PEMFC operation result in Pt/C degradation. Observation of changes in the Pt/C layer under operating conditions provides a tool to study the lifetime of PEMFCs and overcome durability issues. Recently, artificial neural networks... 

To address one of the most challenging industry problems, we develop an enhanced training algorithm for anomaly detection in unlabelled sequential data such as time-series. We propose the outputs of a well-designed system are drawn from an unknown probability distribution, U, in normal conditions. We introduce a probability criterion based on the classical central limit theorem that allows evaluation of the likelihood that a data-point is drawn from U. This enables the labelling of the data on the fly. Non-anomalous data is passed to train a deep Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) autoencoder that distinguishes anomalies when the reconstruction error exceeds a threshold. To illustrate our... 

In this work, ultraviolet photodetectors based on electrodeposited ZnO sheet thin films were fabricated on a glass substrate. Before electrodeposition, a thin buffer layer of ZnO was deposited on the glass by pulsed laser deposition method. This layer not only acted as a nucleation site for ZnO sheet growth, but also made it possible to use cheap glass substrate instead of conventional fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate. Our results showed that photoresponse properties of the photodetectors strongly depend on the sheet sizes. The smaller sheets exhibited enhanced photosensitivity, shortened fall times and decreased gain compared to larger ones. We showed that photodetectors based on... 

The dependence of the mobility of DNA molecules through an hexagonal array of micropillars on their length and the applied electric field was investigated and it was found that mobility is a nonmonotonic function of their length. Results also revealed that the size dependence of the DNA mobility depends on the applied electric field and there is a crossover around E ≈ 25 V/cm for the mobility of λ-DNA and T4-DNA. These observations are explained in terms of the diffusion process inside the structure affected by the solvent and are modeled using the Langevin and its corresponding Fokker-Planck equations. The phenomenon is generalized under three regimes in a phase diagram relating the... 

Anchored wall system is one of the common methods used for deep excavation stabilization adjacent to sensitive structures in urban areas. A key aspect of the stability analysis of deep excavations is the amount of deformations occurring on the facing wall and the adjacent structures. In this research, a large number of parametric studies considering all aspects of soil-structure interaction is carried out for different excavation geometries to find the optimal design, and the outcome is shown in the form of design tables and charts. Also, by a GA-PSO algorithm and using the large database obtained from the numerical simulations, a simple equation is developed that can predict the deflections... 

The WO3/multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) hybrid films were fabricated by spin-coating on an alumina substrate. The structure, morphology, chemical composition and quality of the as-prepared WO3 nanoparticles, functionalized MWNTs and WO3/MWNTs hybrid films were studied by SEM, TEM, XRD, XPS, DLS and Raman spectroscopy methods. Results show that WO3 nanoparticles were nucleated on oxygenated functionalized MWNTs in hybrid suspension. After coating and annealing the films at 350 °C, the hybrid WO3/MWNTs films present rather linear gas sensitivity as a function of hydrogen concentrations at 300 °C. Results are discussed based on surface increase as well as development of two types of... 

The COVID-19 pandemic cast doubts on governments' traditional crisis responses and sparked a surge in citizen-led, participatory, bottom-up responses. Iran's experience is worth investigating because it relied significantly on citizen groups to manage the crisis despite long-term sanctions and extremely restricted resources. The authors undertook an exploratory case study using the grounded theory (GT) method and an online survey to explore Iran's confrontation. The central notion discovered was referred to as 'faith-driven civic engagement.’ The response was characterized by adaptability, promptness, and comprehensiveness. The causes and strategic orientations included intrinsic motives,... 

Public Bicycle Sharing System has recently been developed and installed in many cities as a workable and popular transportation system. There are still some noticeable challenges associated with the operation of the system, like responding to all renting requests and all demands of vacant docks for returning bikes. Balancing the inventory of stations is necessary to minimize the rejected demands of bikes and the empty lockers. Here, critical levels are defined to control requests of different routes in which a demand of a specified destination is accepted if the inventory of the original station is higher than the route's critical level. The capacity of stations and the fleet size are... 

Much efforts have been made in the area of energy security in recent years, but due to its wide scope, it is necessary to review relevant knowledge activities and to analyze the state of knowledge of the field of energy security measurement. The purpose of this article is to present a comprehensive map of knowledge in the field of energy security. For this reason, many documents and articles have been collected during the period 2002–2019 using 7 large and reputable scientific databases as well as 53 different journals, 90% white Q1 quality. There is employed meta-synthesis, scientometrics and network analysis. In the initial survey stage where 1290 articles were found, after analyzing the... 

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