Sharif Digital Repository

For applications such as videoconferencing, in which network resources are used for transmittingshared data, one may utilize multicasting so that resources are allocated in an efficient way. Due to the difficulties in implementing multicasting in the IP layer, designers tend to use the application layer of the OSI model to map an overlay network and implement the multicasting protocol in that layer, also known as Application Layer Multicasting (ALM). Besides the transfer of data, various concerns about the method such as application domain, group management, and routing mechanism are all handled by the ALM protocol. In this thesis, an ALMprotocol for multi-participant video conferencing in... 

The relation between BQP and PH has been one of the most fundamental open questions since the beginning of the field of quantum computational complexity. Despite the common belief that BQP contains problems outside the polynomial hierarchy, no real progress had been made in solving the problem even in relativized world. In 2009, Aaronson took the first serious step by proposing an oracle problem to separate the relation version of these two complexity classes. Finally, based on Aaronson’s works, in 2018 Raz and Tal separated BQP and PH relative to an oracle in a breakthrough work. This thesis studies the tools and techniques used to solve this challenging problem