Sharif Digital Repository

A phenolic-based ionic liquid (IL), 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,3-dimethylimidazolium phenoxide has been introduced for 1.5 molar carbon dioxide (CO2) absorption at ambient conditions without using special methodologies or precautions. The structure of the IL was characterized by various methods such as FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, elemental analysis (EA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The ability of this IL for CO2 uptake reaches to its maximum value after 2 h. The IL has been reused fr several times with constant efficiency. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the B3LYP/6-311++G∗∗ level of calculation have been carried out to gain more structural knowledge... 

This paper introduces an efficient stochastic method to produce fully nonstationary records having multiple peaks in power spectrum. The zero-crossing characteristics of the acceleration, velocity, and displacement time histories of the output signal are used to estimate the model parameters. This procedure is utilized to resimulate 252 non-pulse-like, horizontal near-field records with rupture distance of less than 10 km and strike–slip mechanism. The model parameters are regressed against moment magnitude, rupture distance, hypo-central depth, and shear wave velocity, enabling the scenario-based simulation of the records. The response spectra of the simulated records are compared with... 

Analysis of microparticle size and fluorescence intensity can be used to classify microparticles. We designed and fabricated an optofluidic system that characterizes microparticles, including fluorescent microparticles and microalgae. A new type of multi-pixel photon counter (MPPC) was employed to miniaturize the device, lower its power consumption, and make it insensitive to magnetic fields. The system uses a 635 nm laser for excitation of the microparticles' fluorescence. The scattered light from the fluorescent microparticles, as well as Chlorella vulgaris and Chlorella protothecoides, were measured. Additionally, we analyzed the width and height of the measured signals generated as a... 

In this research, the parameters affecting the Nusselt number of a generator rotor and stator under varying heat transfer rate are experimentally studied. In spite of the stator having no grooves, the rotor has four large triangular grooves. The temperature and then heat transfer rate of the rotor and stator are experimentally measured in three longitudinal and two angular positions. First, the effect of axial Reynolds number and rotor rotational speed on the rotor and stator Nusselt number with constant heat transfer rate ratio is studied. The range of the axial Reynolds number and rotational speed used is from 4000 to 30,000 and from 300 to 1500 rpm, respectively. Next, the effect of... 

IC 1613 is a Local Group dwarf irregular galaxy at a distance of 750 kpc. In this work, we present an analysis of the star formation history (SFH) of a field of ~200 arcmin 2 in the central part of the galaxy. To this aim, we use a novel method based on the resolved population of more highly evolved stars. We identify 53 such stars, eight of which are supergiants and the remainder are long-period variables, large-amplitude variables, or extreme asymptotic giant branch (x-AGB) stars. Using stellar evolution models, we find the age and birth mass of these stars and thus reconstruct the SFH. The average rate of star formation during the last Gyr is ~3 × 10 -4 M ⊙ yr -1 kpc -2. The absence of a... 

In contrast to the traditional study of composites containing ellipsoidal inclusions, we highlight some calculated results for the effective moduli when the inclusion shape can be described by the superspherical equation, [image omitted], such that when p = 2 it reduces to a sphere and when p it becomes a perfect cube. We consider the cases of both aligned and randomly oriented superspherical inclusions with isotropic, cubic, and transversely isotropic properties, and show how the shape parameter, p, affects the overall moduli of the composites during the spherical to cuboidal transition  

Abstraction of hydrogen atom from DNA and RNA subunits leads to formation of a neutral radical. The formation of these radicals can lead to harmful structural alternations and formation of multiple lesions in helixes of DNA and RNA. In the present work, we explore theoretically energetic and structural properties of the possible radicals formed via hydrogen atom abstraction at various sites of sugar part of cytosine nucleosides by employing B3LYP exchange-correlation functional with 6-311++G (d,p) orbital basis sets. Two types of free radicals may be found by hydrogen abstraction of sugar part of cytosine nucleosides: carbon centered radicals and the oxygen centered radicals. The computation... 

The radical cations of DNA constituents generated by the ionizing radiation initiate an alteration of the bases, which is one of the main types of cytotoxic DNA lesions. These cation radical spices are known for their role in producing nucleic acid strand break. In this study, the gas-phase intrinsic chemical properties of the gaseous radical cations of cytosine and its base pair with guanine were examined by employing density functional theory (B3LYP) with the 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. Structures, geometries, adiabatic ionization energies, adiabatic electron affinities, charge distributions, molecular orbital analysis and proton-transfer process of these molecules were investigated. The... 

In this paper, we explore theoretically energetic and structural properties of the possible cations formed via hydride ion abstraction at various sites of sugar part of cytosine nucleosides by employing B3LYP exchange-correlation functional with 6-311++G (d,p) orbital basis sets. In general, the hydride ion abstracted sugar cations of cytosine nucleosides have the following stability sequence: caH2′ > caH1′ > caH3′ > caH4′ > caH5′ for cytidine and caH1′ > caH4′ > caH3′ > caH5′ > caH2′ for deoxycytidine. Furthermore, the effect of solvent environment on the stability order of cations integral equation formalism of the polarized model (IEF-PCM) was employed to model aqueous solution. The... 

A new, robust homogenization scheme for determination of the effective properties of a periodic piezoelectric composite with general multi-coated inhomogeneities is developed. In this scheme the coating does not have to be thin, the shape and orientation of the inclusion and coatings do not have to be identical, their centers do not have to coincide, their properties do not have to remain uniform, and the microstructure can be with the 2D elliptic or the 3D ellipsoidal inclusions. The development starts from the local electromechanical equivalent inclusion principle through the introduction of the position-dependent equivalent eigenstrain and electric field. Then with a Fourier series... 

The effects of six synthetic imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs) on the CuII-catalyzed chemiluminescence of lucigenin (Luc-CL) in the pH range 6.0-11 were investigated. Preliminary experiments found that the CL emission was strongly enhanced or inhibited in the presence of the ILs. The degree of enhancement or inhibition of the CL intensity in the presence of each IL was related to the molecular structure of the IL, the medium used, and the pH. The maximum enhancement of the CL intensity was observed at pH 9.0 (amplification factor=443). This decrease in the pH at which maximum CL enhancement occurred and the substantial signal amplification of the Luc-CL may be related to a strong... 

The aim of this work is to introduce a new method based on time frequency distribution for classifying the EEG signals. Some parameters are extracted using time-frequency distribution as inputs to a feed-forward backpropagation neural networks (FBNN). The proposed method had better results with 98.25% accuracy compared to previously studied methods such as wavelet transform, entropy, logistic regression and Lyapunov exponent  

In this paper, we consider the coherent radar detection of rapid fluctuating signals in the Gaussian noise. This problem has been previously solved by employing the GLR technique, but we use the ALR to improve the detection performance. So, after deriving an approximate ALR detector, we compare the new detector with the GLR and ' Square-law detectors and we show its superiority  

Considering the lipid concentration and side effects regarding the stents used by surgeons, a new heart stent model is proposed. In the new stent, a few piezo plates are designed and attached to the stents by which release of the lipids can take place due to the applied alternative voltages. Due to the vibrations of small-scale piezoelectric plates, the deposition of low-density-lipoproteins (LDL) floating in the blood flow in the coronary arteries is prevented. Small-scale effects are considered using nonlocal elasticity theory, and the interaction between fluid and solid is modeled using the Navier-Stokes equation. The effect of fluid parameters as well as applied voltage and geometry... 

Organ-on-chip devices have provided the pharmaceutical and tissue engineering worlds much hope since they arrived and began to grow in sophistication. However, limitations for their applicability were soon realized as they lacked real-time monitoring and sensing capabilities. The users of these devices relied solely on endpoint analysis for the results of their tests, which created a chasm in the understanding of life between the lab the natural world. However, this gap is being bridged with sensors that are integrated into organ-on-chip devices. This review goes in-depth on different sensing methods, giving examples for various research on mechanical, electrical resistance, and bead-based... 

In this paper, sliding friction and wear behaviors of gray cast iron A35 and white cast iron manufactured by quenching from the same cast iron in water were studied and compared by employing pin-on-disk wear tests. Microstructure of the worn surfaces before and after the wear tests were investigated by optical microscope observations. These images show that flakes separated from the surface in gray cast iron due to delamination process, while in white cast iron, the separation of materials from its surface is in the form of powder. In addition, the gray cast iron had higher graphite volume fraction with Type-A graphite flake morphology. The results show that white cast iron has less rate of... 

The coupled three-dimensional flexural vibrations of a micro-rotating shaft–disk system, as a basic model for micro-engines, are investigated in this paper by considering small-scale effects utilizing the modified couple stress theory. Governing equations of motion are derived by the use of Hamilton’s principle. Then, implementing the Galerkin approach, an infinite set of ordinary differential equations is obtained for the system. With truncated two-term equations, expressions for the first two natural frequencies are written, and for the two corresponding modes, the maximum rotational speed up to which the system will be stable is analytically determined. Parametric studies on the results... 

In this work, some vibrational response parameters of strain gradient based micro-spinning Rayleigh beams with mass eccentricity distribution are investigated within infinitesimal deformation conditions. Governing equations of motion are derived utilizing the Hamilton’s principle. The gyroscopic effects and rotary inertia are both included in the formulation. By applying the Galerkin method, analytical expressions for natural frequencies of the micro beam in forward and backward whirl motions are obtained. In addition, an expression for the vibrational amplitude of the micro-beam due to mass eccentricity distribution is determined. Some numerical results are presented to study the effect of... 

In this study, several analytical expressions are obtained for the vibrational characteristics of a Jeffcott model for micro-rotor systems based on the strain gradient theory to investigate the small-scale effects on the model. The Jeffcott model consists of a massless microrotating shaft and a disk as a rotor with eccentricity. The disk is mounted on the middle of the shaft. Two second-order differential equations associated with the oscillating motion of the rotor in the plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis are presented and transformed into a complex form. The stiffness of the system is determined by obtaining the deflection of a strain-gradient-based nonrotating microbeam... 

On the basis of the modified couple stress theory, some analytical results are obtained for vibrational parameters of micro-spinning Rayleigh beams with an axial mass-eccentricity distribution. The modified couple stress theory is a nonclassical continuum theory capable to capture the size effects in small-scale structures. After writing the governing equations of motion, they are transformed to the complex form. Then by utilizing the Galerkin method, analytical expressions for natural frequencies of the micro-spinning beam in forward and backward whirl motions are obtained. Critical speeds are also analytically presented in the two whirl motions for different modes. Moreover, the...