Sharif Digital Repository

We propose and analyze a circularly polarized slot antenna built on a ferrite substrate which is saturated normal to its plane and metalized on both sides. The antenna is built by etching a circular slot in the top metal layer. The antenna operates in the frequency range where the effective permeability of ferrite is negative. An accurate analytical model is derived for the antenna by solving the integral equation for the electric field on the circular slot. The results obtained are in good agreement with numerical simulations. Using the analytical results, a practical antenna is designed that uses a microstrip feed line. For an antenna with inner and outer radii of 4.9 and 5.9 mm, the... 

We propose and analyze a circularly polarized slot antenna built on a ferrite substrate which is saturated normal to its plane and metalized on both sides. The antenna is built by etching a circular slot in the top metal layer. The antenna operates in the frequency range where the effective permeability of ferrite is negative. An accurate analytical model is derived for the antenna by solving the integral equation for the electric field on the circular slot. The results obtained are in good agreement with numerical simulations. Using the analytical results, a practical antenna is designed that uses a microstrip feed line. For an antenna with inner and outer radii of 4.9 and 5.9 mm, the... 

A fuzzy controller has been suggested for attitude control of magnetic actuated satellites in order to calculate the desired mechanical torque based on the attitude error including error in the angles and their rates. The problem of selecting proper magnetic dipole based on the known desired mechanical torque has been investigated, two different methods for the purpose has been suggested and the performance of the attained fuzzy magnetic attitude controllers has been shown under two different simulated conditions. © 2009 IEEE  

Carbide morphologies of white cast iron containing 22% Cr and 10-12% tungsten with different carbon contents (2.34-3.20. wt.%) were investigated. Results indicated that for the as-cast alloys with no heat treatments, the addition of carbon changes the morphology of carbides during air-cooling in the presence of tungsten. Light microscopy analysis revealed that for an alloy with 2.3. wt% carbon, chromium carbides possess coarse gray appearance (GA). Increasing the carbon content reduced the coarse GA zones volume fraction while a finer GA zones emerged. The coexistence of coarse and fine GA phases came to an end at 2.8. wt% carbon, at which only fine GA zones spread throughout the chromium... 

In this paper, a continuous model for flexural vibration of beams with a vertical edge crack including the effects of shear deformation and rotary inertia is presented. The crack is assumed to be an open-edge crack perpendicular to the neutral plane. A quasi-linear displacement filed is suggested for the beam, and the strain and stress fields are calculated. The governing equation of motion for the beam has been obtained using Hamilton principle. The equation of motion is solved with a modified weighted residual method, and the natural frequencies and mode shapes are obtained. The results are compared to the results of similar model with Euler–Bernoulli assumptions and finite element model... 

In this paper, a continuous model for vibration analysis of a beam with an open edge crack including the effects of shear deformation and rotary inertia is presented. A displacement field is suggested for the beam and the strain, and stress fields are calculated. The governing equation of motion for the beam has been obtained using Hamilton's principle. The equation of motion is solved with a modified Galerkin method and the natural frequencies and mode shapes are obtained. A good agreement has been observed between the results of this research and the results of previous work done in this fiels. The results are also compared to results of a similar model with Euler-Bernoulli assumptions to... 

The objective of this paper is to provide optimization of falling film Li/Br solution on a horizontal single tube based on minimization of entropy generation. Flow regime is considered to be laminar, the effect of boiling has been ignored and wall temperature is constant. Velocity, temperature and concentration distributions are numerically determined and dimensionless correlations are obtained for predicting the average heat transfer coefficient and average evaporation factor on the horizontal tube. Thermodynamic imperfection due to passing lithium bromide solution is attributed to non-isothermal heat transfer; fluid flow friction and mass transfer irreversibility. Scale analysis shows that... 

In this paper, heat and mass transfer phenomena occurring simultaneously in falling film generator of absorption chillers have been studied. The analysis is based on the laminar flow of an Li/Br solution over a horizontal single tube and tube bundle having a constant tube wall temperature. The effect of boiling has been ignored. An extensive numerical code is provided to calculate the heat transfer coefficient and the rate of evaporation. A parametric study is performed on the coefficient of heat transfer and the evaporation flux of the refrigerant. Dimensionless correlations are obtained to calculate the heat transfer coefficient on the horizontal tube and tube bundle. The comparison... 

In this paper, an algorithm for fault diagnosis of permanent magnet DC electromotors.has been investigated, based on vibration and electrical current monitoring. Several permanent magnet DC electromotors.with previously determined faults have been prepared and the vibration, current and speed data have been measured. The relationship between certain related measured data and faults has been determined. A fault diagnosis algorithm has been developed in this research based on these relationships. This algorithm can be used in mass production lines for quality control  

In this work, two important opioid antagonists, naltrexone and oxycodone, were prepared from thebaine and were characterized by IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Moreover, computational NMR and IR parameters were obtained using density functional theory (DFT) at B3LYP/6-311++G* * level of theory. Complete NMR and vibrational assignment were carried out using the observed and calculated spectra. The IR frequencies and NMR chemical shifts, determined experimentally, were compared with those obtained theoretically from DFT calculations, showed good agreements. The RMS errors observed between experimental and calculated data for the IR absorptions are 85 and 105 cm-1, for the 1H NMR peaks are... 

Surface modification of ultrafiltration membranes has shown a significant potential to reduce fouling and increase flux and lifetime, which are the most important factors in membrane filtration. In this study, the surface-modified membranes were prepared by grafting hyperbranched polyethyleneimine (HBPEI) onto polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-sulfonated polyethersulphone (SPES) blending membranes. Electrostatic interactions between HBPEI and SPES result in a well-attached positive-charged HBPEI grafting layer on the PVDF membrane surface. Surface-modified membranes were examined for the removal of cationic E-coat paint and their performance was measured in terms of total permeation flux, paint... 

Stroke is one of the major causes of global death, which can occur due to blockage in a blood vessel by a clot. The immediate dissolving of the clot is essential to restore the blood flow and prevent tissue necrosis. Clot dissolution can be achieved via thrombolytic therapy using plasminogen activators. In this study, a clot dissolution model is developed for a three-dimensional patient-specific carotid artery that investigates the effect of different vessel wall models on clot dissolution. The lysis pattern of the clot and hemodynamics of blood flow are evaluated using three different models of the vessel wall, namely, rigid, linear elastic, and Mooney-Rivlin hyperelastic. The effect of... 

Ceramic-matrix composites containing TiC-TiN have been used in a variety of application because of their superior properties such as high hardness, good wear resistance and high chemical stability. In this research, effect of coke and coke/calcium beds in synthesis of Al2O3-Ti(C, N) composites using alumino-carbothermic reduction ofTiO2 has been investigated. Al, TiO2 and active carbon with additives of extra carbon and NaCl and without additives, in separate procedures, have been mixed. Afterwards, mixtures were pressed and synthesized in 1200°C for 4hrs, in coke and coke/calcium beds, separately. Al2O3-Ti(C,N) composite was synthesized in ternary system of Al-TiO2-C with excess carbon and... 

In this paper, we propose a fuzzification method for clusters produced from a clustering process, based on Active Learning Method (ALM). ALM is a soft computing methodology which is based on a hypothesis claiming that human brain interprets information in pattern-like images. The proposed fuzzification method is applicable to all non-fuzzy clustering algorithms as a post process. The most outstanding advantage of this method is the ability to determine the membership degrees of each data to all clusters based on the density and shape of the clusters. It is worth mentioning that for existing fuzzy clustering algorithms such as FCM the membership degree is usually determined as a function of... 

It is not common to build a geomechanical model for depleted reservoirs as logging and coring are costly and time consuming in such reservoirs. On the other hand, in regular analysis of wellbore stability, the effect of time is completely ignored. As a result, with time there will be some errors in the evaluation of wellbore stability in depleted reservoirs. In order to determine the optimum wellbore trajectory during the reservoir life, it is necessary to have a model which can estimate the rock properties based on the first full logging suite and also consider the depletion effect. In this study, a novel model is proposed which combines a mechanical earth model, borehole circumferential... 

The Nafion ionomer affects the efficiency of the platinum (Pt) catalyst by blocking the active sites thereby restricting the gas permeability of the catalyst layer; but, there is a limitation in the quantity of Nafion ionomer that needs to be added without affecting the cell performance. Sulfonation of carbon-supported catalysts as mixed electronic and protonic conductors has been reported to be an efficient way to increase the triple-phase boundaries. In order to improve the utilization and activity of cathodic catalysts in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), Pt nanoparticles were loaded on a mixture of Vulcan XC-72R and MWCNTs, which were functionalized in a mixture of 96% sulfuric acid... 

In this study, we present results of a mathematical model in which the governing equations of electroforming process were solved using a robust finite element solver (COMSOL Multiphysics). The effects of different parameters including applied current density, solution electrical conductivity, electrode spacing, and anode height on the copper electroforming process have been investigated. An electroforming experiment using copper electroforming cell was conducted to verify the developed model. The obtained results show that by increasing the applied current density, the electroforming process takes place faster, thereby resulting in a higher thickness of the electroformed layer. In addition,... 

The main problem with oral drug delivery using gelatin is rapid dissolution in aqueous mediums, which results in high-speed drug release. In the present study to overcome the challenge, we used glutaraldehyde to cross-link gelatin in order to control the burst release of drug. A drug delivery system based on gelatin nanoparticles (GNPs) for carrying Gliclazide was prepared by a two-step dissolution method. FTIR spectrum showed the presence of an aldimine functional group in GNPs, which confirms that gelatin structure is cross-linked by glutaraldehyde. XRD pattern showed that the crystallinity and crystal size of GNPs were 8% and 73 nm, respectively. SEM images showed the cross-linked... 

The objective of this study was to propose a new analytical model for studying response of head impacts. Head is modeled by fluidfilled ellipsoidal shell of inconstant thickness impacted by a solid elastic sphere. Modeling the head as an ellipsoid is more realistic than modeling it as a sphere, the previous model existing in the literature [3]-[8]. In this model, the effect of Hertzian contact stiffness and local shell stiffness are combined to derive explicit equations for impact duration, the peak force transmitted to head, and the head injury criterion. One of the advantages of the model presented is sensitivity to the site of impact. A comparison between the present analytical results... 

Ultrasound hyperthermia is used to treat tumors in human tissue by heat. It is characterized by the application of high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU), high local temperatures and short treating time of a few seconds. HIFU is a non-invasive treatment modality for a variety of cancers, including breast, prostate, kidney, liver, bone, uterus, and pancreatic cancers. Computer models have been used to determine tissue temperatures during ultrasound hyperthermia. In this work, we consider a liver tissue with a tumor at its center. We calculated temperature distribution in the presence a large blood vessel. We studied the effect of varying the exposure time (heating duration) and the diameter...