Sharif Digital Repository

Although much progress has been made in eliminating, conserving, and reducing migration and emissions of radioactive materials, the risk of radioactive material release into the environment is still one of the most important hazards in the use of nuclear energy. In this study, graphene compounds have been used as adsorbents for the removal of radioactive materials due to their high level, cost-effectiveness and simplicity of the synthesis process of various composites. In this regard, the removal of strontium and cobalt by graphene compounds has been investigated. Magnetite nanoparticles were anchored on the surface of graphene by sol-gel method and adsorption in batch mode was investigated.... 

In recent decays, multiple model controllers have been attracted much attention due to their essential ability to control of non-linear systems with wide operating ranges. Number and location of models are two important factors. In this research an algorithm for determining number of models and their locations has been proposed which can be counted as an extension to existing algorithms. Utilizing the proposed algorithm, the minimum number of models which achieve closed-loop stability can be determined. If transient response of non-linear system with these models be not satisfactory, the number of models are increased by one using Binary Search method, and consequently the location of models... 

Growing rate of eutrophication in receiving waters has made the enhancement of wastewater treatment plants to advanced methods of nutrients removal as necessary. Nitrogen and Phosphorus as the nutrients can reduce the quality of water and even make it unusable. Phosphorus is known to be one of the main reasons of eutrophication and creation of algal bloom. In this study, chemical-biological method for phosphate removal from the municipal wastewater is studied. Experiments are implemented for hydraulic retention times of 4, 8 and 16 hours, total intake concentration of phosphorus 7 ppm, COD 400 ppm and Nitrogen 25 ppm. Ferric Chloride as the precipitator chemical substance injected into the... 

Evaluating the enviroment for achieving efcient kwnoledge in order to justifed environment recognition and making decision based on data analysis is proponed in many felds.One of these problems is Visibility Problem. The Recieved data from real world as input, for visibility problem, is uncertain such that the recieving data of two different measurments will be different with high probability. Therefore, we defne the goal of this research to solving the visibility problem conditioned to that objects or segments are uncertain.Consider ”S” as a set of ”n” uncertain segments in plane. Each uncertain segment locates in two certain places and with probability 1 2 in each place, the goal is to... 

The main purpose of this study is to develop the Hollow Cylinder Apparatus (HCA) for unsaturated testing on granular materials and to investigate the effect of stress anisotropy on dynamic parameters of soils like shear modulus and damping ratio. Direction of loading and the magnitude of intermediate principal stress have significant effect on the anisotropic response of soils. In many of in-situ loading the direction of major principal stress does not coincide with deposition direction of soil or because of the three dimensional loading condition of soil, the effect of the intermediate principal stress cannot be ignored. On the other hand, in many areas, soils are in unsaturated condition.... 

In this thesis titled "Enhancing Energy Efficiency in Ideal Binary Distillation tower with a Dynamic Process Intensification," operational methods in distillation units are explored and improved. Given the high cost of energy, limited energy resources, and environmental considerations, increasing energy efficiency in process industries has become significantly important. In this context, this research attempts to enhance the performance of the distillation unit by utilizing dynamic process intensification with two operational points corresponding to the production of products with purities both higher and lower than the desired product purity, and switching between these two points. The... 

Inadequate nutrition is perhaps the most important problem facing the poor. Being hungry lowers productivity and decreases individuals’ income. All of these factors conspire to help the poor stay poor. Raising the income of the poor is one solution for this problem if the elasticity of calorie and macronutrients with respect to income is greater than zero. This study employs both nonparametric and parametric methods to obtain the elasticity of per capita calorie and macronutrients with respect to household per capita expenditure. The case presented is for urban areas of Islamic republic of Iran, 2008-2016. Under each estimation strategy we employ, we find a strongly significant and positive... 

The Fuel cell is an energy converter which converts the chemical energy of a chemical reaction to electricity and heat directly and without any pollution. One of the most important types of fuel cells is the proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell. The importance of PEM fuel cells is a result of their high energy density, quick start up ability, lower operating temperature, high efficiency and low or zero emissions. Catalysts play an important role in both costs and durability of PEM fuel cells. Alloying the Pt with other metals can increase the activity of the catalysts of the fuel cells and also reduces the amount of costly Pt. In this study, the nanoparticles of Ni were added to the...