Sharif Digital Repository

A labeling of a graph is a bijection of edges in graph G to the set {1,2,…, m}. A labeling is antimagic if for any distinct vertices u and v, the sum of the labels on edges incident to u is different from the sum of the labels on edges incident to v. We say a graph is antimagic if it has an antimagic labeling.. In 1990, Hartsfield and Ringel conjectured that every connected graph other than K2 are Antimagic.In this thesis, we show that each graph with at least two degrees can be called Antimagic. We prove this conjecture for regular graphs of odd degree. and then it will be shown that Cartesian graphs have the property of Antimagic Labeling. Finally, we purpose a novel method for k-th powers... 

There is a growing interest in developing high-performance sensors monitoring fungicides, due to their broadly usage and their adverse effects on humans and wildlife. In the present study, a colorimetric probe has been proposed for detection of prothioconazole based on aggregation of unmodified silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Under optimized condition, linear relationships between the concentration of prothioconazole and the absorbance ratio of A500/A395 were found over the range of 0.01 µg. mL-1 to 0.4 µg. mL-1 with Detection limit as low as 1.7 ng. mL-1. Furthermore, AgNPs color change from yellow to pink-orange in presence of prothioconazole, indicates highly sensitive naked-eye... 

Aerodynamics loads and aeroheating during reentry, are one of the challenging issues in designing One of the main challenges in the design and application of reusable spacecrafts is the aerodynamic and thermal loads acting on their structures during reentry into the atmosphere. For this reason, all the concepts/prototypes presented in the 20th century were either not fully reusable, or were partially canceled, or did not have economic justification. In this report, the aerodynamic loads on the first stage of a launch vehicle during the launch and return phases have been investigated. Due to the fact that the main part of the first stage of the vehicle includes fuel and oxidizer tanks, the... 

Vitamin C is one of the essential ingredients for the survival of human beings, animals and plants. This vitamin is an ester that in its structure there is a cyclic ester, an alkene Factor (C = C) and four hydroxyl factor (OH). This vitamin is a white solid, water-soluble and non-toxic that exists in many fruits, especially citrus. Its presence in the diet of human resistance them against infections increases. The main factor causing acidic property in vitamin C is the presence of OH groups attached to the alkene. Various forms of vitamin C exists in pharmaceutical collection of European countries. Since the tablet form because of the many advantages including being economical compared with... 

Honey as a food product with plant origin that nearly ninety percent of its dry weight is composed of sugars (mostly fructose and glucose) which has many food and pharmaceutical properties. So honey quality strongly depends on bees feeding practices. For this reason common indexes is defined generally are on the basis of hony composition, for example fructose and reducing sugar portion must be at least thirty and sixty-five percent respectively of total weight or sucrose percent must be utmost five and otherwise puts into question honey quality. To check the quality of five honey samples taken from the market, indexes such as water content, sugar composition(fructose, reducing and total... 

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), a mixture of positional and geometrical isomers of linoleic acid with conjugated double bonds, has gained considerable attention because of its anticarcinogenic and obesity treatment properties. The most biologically active CLA isomers are 9c, 11t-18:2 and 10t, 12c-18:2. Natural sources of CLA are fat of meat and dairy products derived from ruminant animals. About 3 grams of CLA per day is necessary to provide human health needs, but each person receives about 10% of this value from natural resources, thus production of CLA as a dietary supplement is necessary. CLA is produced from biological and chemical methods but because of high yield of chemical... 

In recent year's acrylamide as a suspected substance for tumor growth has been studied. In some researches this topic is mentioned that acrylamide is produced by the reaction of asparagine and natural sugars. This reaction takes place only at very high temperatures during the heating process. The maximum amount of this substance is determined in fried potato products. In this study, a response surface methodology (RSM) 5-level-3-factor face centre central-composite design (FCCCD) was applied to envestigate the effects of asparaginase (300-900 U/kg of flour), baking temperature (230-280 °c) and baking time (13-16 min) on acrylamide (AA) formation in yeast-leavened wheat bread and... 

Xylitol is a sugar alcohol or polyol that has been used as a food additive and sweetening agent due to Its high sweetening power, anti-cariogenic properties and possibilities for use in diabetic food products, makes xylitol an attractive sucrose substitute in a wide variety of foods and beverages. Xylitol is a five carbon polyol or pentitol obtained by the hydrogenation of xylose. xylitol could be produced from xylose in rice seed coats medium by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. For xylitol production, S.cerevisiae was grown in preculture medium at 30°C and agitated at 120 rpm on a rotary platform shaker. The cells were harvested after 20hr, were centrifuged and transferred to the production... 

Theanine is a non-protein amino acid which was first isolated from tea plant leaves (Camellia sinensis) and also found in a mushroom named Xerocomus badius and some other Camellia species such as C.japonica and C.sasanqua. Theanine comprises about 50% of amino acids in tea and 1-2% of dry weight of tea leaves. It contributes to the umami taste and unique flavor to tea infusion and has many physiological and pharmaceutical effects such as anti-tumor and anti-cancer activity, neuroprotection, antihypertensive, relaxation, increased focus and anti-obesity effects. So this compound is essential for human body but is not synthesized in it and should be administrated orally. In recent years, study... 

The treatment of water effluent from alcohol industries is among the most challenging industrial wastewater treatments. The challenge mainly arises from the high capacity of organic compounds allowing the growth of microorganisms and pollutants. Brown color of the wastewater also contributes to this phenomenon; it absorbs more sunlight which then reduces the oxygenation of water and thus adversely affecting the aquatic life. Moreover, the acidity of the wastewater decreases the pH level of agricultural soils, so its quality Thus, distillery wastewater, without any treatment can pose a serious threat to the environment. In our study, we investigate the decolorization of molasses wastewater... 

In recent years, much attention has been paid to the preparation of nanoparticles as carriers for drug delivery. Nanoparticle carriers, by changing the pharmacokinetic properties of the drug, improve the function of the drug and reduce its side effects. In the manufacture of nanoparticles, various materials such as polymers, metal particles, lipids, etc. are used to transfer the drugs, which can produce a different shape and size of the particles depending on their production method. The purpose of this project is the synthesis of liposomal nanoparticles (as nano-carriers) to load an antibiotic (Eucalyptus oil) and study the release of the encapsulated drug in the simulated environment of... 

Probiotics are defined as essential live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host. In order to provide health benefits for probiotic bacteria it has been recommended that they must be present at a minimum level of 106 CFU/g of food product or 107 CFU/g at point of delivery or be eaten in sufficient amounts to yield a daily intake of 108 CFU. Several studies have shown that certain strain of lactic acid bacteria, such as Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactobacillus acidophilus prevent some diseases linked to the gastro-intestinal tract. however, many reports have demonstrated their poor survival and stability. Their survival in the... 

Bacterial cellulose is a kind of cellulose with high purity and Crystallization, which is mainly produced by gram-negative bacteria in aqueous media containing a sugar source.Cellulose produced by this method is in the form of nanofibers and one of its considerable aspects, nowadays, is that this kind of cellulose is used as a drug carrier system for treating various diseases. Azithromycin is used as an antibiotic for the treatment of a wide range of bacterial infections. In this study, cellulose nanofibers were synthesized by gluconacetobacter and its surface was modified using 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mg/ml carboxymethylcellulose solution in sodium acetate buffer. Then, by stabilizing azithromycin... 

Most natural folate derivatives are highly sensitive to temperature, oxygen and light and their stability depends on food process condition. Alginate and pectin were evaluated for folic acid encapsulation and increasing its stability. By combining them and optimising encapsulation condition the efficiency was enhanced up to 90% . Furthermore, using polymers in combined form caused decrease in folic acid leakage from capsules in acidic condition of stomach. First of all, the time of encapsulation was measured which was 140-180 minutes. In this study the effect of Calcium Chloride concentration on encapsulation was studied. Therefore, two variables were selected which were pectin to algine... 

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), a mixture of positional and geometrical isomers of linoleic acid with conjugated double bonds, has gained considerable attention because of its anticarcinogenic and obesity treatment properties. The most biologically active CLA isomers are 9c, 11t-18:2 and 10t, 12c-18:2. The aim of this study is to separate and purify the two essential isomers via enzymatic method by Candida rugosa lipase and chemical method by urea crystallization and also optimization of reaction conditions in order to better separation. For enzymatic purification, L-menthol and Lauryl alcohol were used separately. Optimization of reaction conditions by enzyme content, time and the ratio of...