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This paper proposes a scalable speech coding scheme using the embedded matrix quantization of the LSFs in the LPC model. For an efficient quantization of the spectral parameters, two types of codebooks of different sizes are designed and used to encode unvoiced and mixed voicing segments separately. The tree-like structured codebooks of our embedded quantizer, constructed through a cell merging process, help to make a fine-grain scalable speech coder. Using an efficient adaptive dual-band approximation of the LPC excitation, where voicing transition frequency is determined based on the concept of instantaneous frequency in the frequency domain, near natural sounding synthesized speech is... 

This paper introduces a novel scalable speech coding scheme based on embedded matrix quantization of LSF parameters in an LPC model. In the proposed quantizer, codewords are organized based on a tree structure through a cell-merging process, which leads to a fine-grain scalable coder at rates below 900 bps. Near natural sounding is achieved at very low rates by employing an efficient adaptive dual-band scheme to approximate the LPC excitation signals. Evaluation results, obtained from both overall quality measurement and intelligibility assessment, show that the proposed coder could be a reasonable choice for improving the bottom-line speech quality in low bit rates. © 2008 IEEE  

One of the main issues with data hiding algorithms is capacity of data embedding. Most of data hiding methods suffer from low capacity that could make them inappropriate in certain hiding applications. This paper presents a high capacity data hiding method that uses encryption and the multi-band speech synthesis paradigm. In this method, an encrypted covert message is embedded in the unvoiced bands of the speech signal that leads to a high data hiding capacity of tens of kbps in a typical digital voice file transmission scheme. The proposed method yields a new standpoint in design of data hiding systems in the sense of three major, basically conflicting requirements in steganography, i.e.... 

This paper analytically studies the effect of functionally graded materials (FGMs) on the primary resonances of large amplitude flexural vibration of in-extensional rotating shafts with nonlinear curvature as well as nonlinear inertia. The constituent material is assumed to vary along the radial direction according to a power-law gradation. The governing differential equations and the corresponding boundary conditions are derived employing the variational approach. Then, the Galerkin method and the multiple scales perturbation method are utilized to obtain the frequency–response equation. In a numerical case study, the effects of the power-law index on the steady-state responses and locus of... 

This paper addresses a new approach to data hiding that leads to a high data embedding rate of tens of kbps in a typical digital voice file transmission scheme. The purpose of the proposed method is restricted to offline voice transmission that uses stego speech files in wave format. The basic idea of the algorithm is to embed encrypted covert message in the unvoiced bands of spectrum of the cover speech. Inaudibility of the proposed hiding scheme is investigated through both support vector machines (SVM)-based steganalysis and the ITU-T P.862 PESQ standard speech quality assessment. The results assure imperceptibility and transparency of the stego speech  

The powerful non-classical continuum theory of strain gradient elasticity is capable of effectively capturing small-scale effects in micro-structures. Based on this theory, a formulation is developed to investigate the coupled torsional-flexural vibrations of micro-rotors in the presence of inertia nonlinearities arising from the eccentricity and gyroscopic motion of the rotors. With the aid of a weighted-residual technique, coupled nonlinear partial differential equations of motion are truncated into a discrete model. Then, the resonance of the fundamental mode of the torsional vibration excited by the flexural vibration is investigated by utilizing the perturbation method of multiple... 

Reliability assessment is of primary importance in designing and planning distribution systems that operate in an economical manner with minimal interruption of customer loads. Distributed generation (DG) is expected to play an increasing role in emerging power systems because they use different type of resources and technologies to serve energy to power systems. DG is expected to improve the system reliability as its backup generation. Since DG units are subject to failures as all other generation units, the random behavior of these units must be taken into account in the analysis. Existence of DG units in a distribution system will effect on restoration time of load points. In this paper,...