Sharif Digital Repository

Flux spectrum is greatly influenced by flux and torque controller hysteresis loops (dead bands) in direct torque control of AC motors. On the other hand iron loss in induction motor is closely related to flux harmonics. Hence flux spectrum must be observed in control process to minimize the motor losses. In this paper the relation between the magnetic-flux spectrum and electromagnetic-torque and magnetic-flux controller hysteresis loops (dead bands) as well as machine parameters is investigated. Simulation results are presented to justify the results  

The flux and torque hysteresis bands are the only gains to be adjusted in direct torque control (DTC). The torque ripple and harmonic loss of motor and switching loss of inverter are greatly influenced by them. In this paper the effects of flux and torque hysteresis bands on inverter switching loss, harmonic loss and torque ripple of induction motor are investigated through a cost function. Minimizing this cost function leads to the optimum value of the hysteresis bands of torque and flux controllers. The effect of motor speed on cost function is also investigated. © 2003 International Academic Publishers/World Publishing Corporation  

Reliability of the power distribution unit (PDU) is very important in electrical systems. Since any failure in this unit leads to system failure. A commonly used method for increasing the reliability of a dc PDU is using the redundant modules. If a fault occurs in a voltage regulator of PDU, it is replaced by its redundant module. In conventional redundancy, each dc voltage regulator has its exclusive redundant modules. Therefore, if both a regulator and its redundant modules fail, the system is stopped. It is an important drawback since the exclusive redundant modules of other voltage regulators may not be used, but, the PDU cannot use them instead of faulty regulators. In this paper, the... 

High voltage power supplies (HVPS) are widely used to supply vacuum tubes. Regarding to their high efficiency, resonant converters are a choice of HVPS structure. In this application, HVPS is faced with wide variation of the load power. On the other hand, output voltage regulation over wide load range is essential. However, there are several problems dealing with resonant converters such as output voltage regulation and low-efficient performance in a light load. In this paper, a control scheme for a series-parallel resonant converter is presented. This scheme regulates the output voltage of the converter over load variation range. A variable inductor placed as the series inductor in the... 

In a motor-drive system, there are many factors which can be considered as a figure of merit in drive control algorithm. All of these factors should be evaluated simultaneously to achieve the reliable performance of drive. In this paper, an optimization problem is constructed on a direct torque controlled induction motor drive using a candidate from different parts of drive system: inverter loss from section of solid state converter, motor loss from section of electromechanical converter and torque ripple from mechanical section. Minimization of this cost function leads to the optimum values of drive control parameters. © 2008 IEEE  

The flux and torque hysteresis bands are the only gains to be adjusted in direct torque control (DTC). The torque ripple and harmonic loss of motor and switching loss of inverter greatly Influence them. Hence, these variables must be observed in the control process to maximize performance of the system. In this paper, the effects of flux and torque hysteresis bands on inverter switching loss, harmonic loss, and torque ripple of induction motor are investigated. In order to find their optimum values, a cost function consisting motor harmonic losses, torque ripples, and inverter switching losses is defined. Minimizing this cost function leads to the optimum value of the hysteresis bands of... 

In this paper, a flux search controller is proposed to increase the efficiency of a direct torque controlled induction motor with light load. The reference flux value is determined through a two stage minimization algorithm with the amplitude of the stator current as the objective function. In the transient state, a great flux step is used to speed up the convergence. In the steady state, a noise cancellation algorithm is used to let using small flux step and improves the steady state behavior of flux controller. Simulation and experimental confirm the fast dynamics of the proposed method and its superiority compared to the other optimal flux search controllers. © 2005 IEEE  

In this paper, a flux search controller is proposed to increase the efficiency of a direct torque-controlled induction motor in full load range. The value of the flux reference is determined through a minimization algorithm. The amplitude of stator current is used as the objective function since it is shown that samples of the stator current have better statistical properties than input power. In addition, the stator current has more sensitivity to the flux variation than input power. These two properties allow implementing an adaptive algorithm to determine the proper flux step without waste of time. The minimum allowable value of the flux step has been determined based on this process to... 

In high frequency motor-drives such as direct torque controlled (DTC) induction motor drives, the motor harmonic loss, and electromagnetic interference are largely affected by the spectrum of the motor input voltage. Nonlinear elements in the control loop of DTC drive make harmonic analysis of the drive very complex compared to classical pulsewidth modulated controlled drives. In this paper, a probabilistic method to study the harmonic contents of voltage in DTC of induction motors is presented. The DTC voltage chain is simulated with a random process. Then, the autocorrelation function of voltage vectors is calculated and its power spectrum density is obtained. The effect of flux and torque... 

The torque ripple and harmonic loss of motor and switching loss of inverter are greatly influenced by sampling time in the direct torque control method. Hence these variables must be observed in the control process to maximize performance of the system. In this paper the effects of sampling time on inverter switching loss, harmonic loss and torque ripple of induction motor are investigated. To find their optimum values a cost function consisting of motor harmonic losses, torque ripples and inverter switching losses are defined. Minimizing this cost function leads to the optimum value of the sampling time. © 2003 IEEE  

Switched reluctance motors (SRM) are one of the most reliable and cost effective motors and their applications are increasing in industry. However, it suffers from high level of torque ripple. In this paper, a new configuration for stator and rotor of SRM is presented. In the proposed method, a new saliency is developed to remove negative torque and therefore decrease torque ripple and acoustic noise, increase efficiency and as a result, expand speed range. The simulation results demonstrate that the new motor structure has a smooth torque profile with possibility to work at higher speed lower acoustic noise  

In direct torque control, the selection of an applied voltage vector is based on the measured parameters at the beginning of the sampling period. The delay between the measurement and the application of the voltage vector is the origin of an extra torque ripple. In this paper, a new predictive controller is proposed for compensating this delay and reducing the torque ripple. The stator current is measured twice in each sampling period and its expected value at the end of the period is predicted according to a linear extrapolation algorithm. Therefore, none of the machine parameters are used in the prediction, and consequently, the algorithm is quite robust against machine parameter... 

The efficiency of induction motors decreases at light loads. Efficiency optimizer control systems adjust the motor flux value to achieve the best efficiency in a wide range of load variations. Reduced flux operation has some other benefits such as power factor improvement and torque ripple reduction. The latter is an important issue in a direct torque controlled induction motor drive. In this paper, the effect of flux reference value on the torque ripple of a direct torque controlled induction motor is analyzed. The effect of flux value on torque ripple in a wide range of speed variations is investigated. Simulation and the experimental results presented justify the validity of the... 

Torque ripple is a major difficulty in direct torque control of induction motors. The reference value of the motor flux greatly influences the torque ripple. On the other hand, many motors work in an operating cycle, which includes load intervals of less than their nominal power. In these situations, it is not necessary to set their flux value as the nominal value. In this paper, the effect of the reference value of the motor flux on the motor torque ripple is investigated. The effect of the flux reference variation on the motor power factor as well as torque dynamics is also presented. Simulation results as well as experimental results justify the validity of the proposed method on the... 

Torque ripple is a major difficulty in direct torque controlled induction motors. The reference value of the motor flux greatly influences the torque ripple. On the other hand, many motors work in an operating cycle, which includes load intervals of less than their nominal power. In these situations, it is not necessary to set their flux value as the nominal value. In this paper, the effect of the reference value of the motor flux on the motor torque ripple is investigated. A new control algorithm is proposed to determine the reference value of the flux according to the value of the motor torque. Simulation and experimental results justify the validity of the proposed method to reduce the... 

Stator resistance PI compensator is one of the simplest methods proposed to estimate stator resistance. This method is based on the real time stator resistance correction regarding the variations of the stator current magnitude, which must be a constant value when the stator flux and motor torque are constant. This reference value can be calculated using the flux and torque commands and motor parameters. In this paper, it is shown that for DTC systems using digital controller with limited sampling frequency, stator current vector amplitude varies as a function of speed, sampling period, and switching strategy. Effects of sampling frequency, motor speed, and switching strategy on this current... 

A flux search controller is proposed to achieve the best efficiency in a direct torque controlled induction motor with light load. The reference flux value is determined through a minimization algorithm with stator current as objective function. Experimental results show that using motor current instead of motor input power as the objective function causes better performance. © 2004 IEEE  

In the regulated switching power supplies, the output voltage is usually sampled across a resistive voltage divider. In high voltage applications, the resistance of the voltage divider is very high in order to reduce its power loss. Therefore, these resistors are very good receivers of environment noise. This paper introduces a new control method for a high power, high voltage Flyback converter insensitive to the noise caused by ringing due to the leakage reactance of a high voltage Flyback converter. In this method, output voltage is sampled in an intentionally extended cycle to be sure that all the oscillations are damped. Therefore there is no need to additional damping circuits and... 

The ceramic fracture in output RF window is one of the most important failure factors in high power microwave sources. Fast protection systems are used to protect the source. The methods for determining the required protection response time are conservative and rough. In this paper, an investigation is presented about the twin growth in the ceramic of RF window in faulty condition. It is shown that the twin growth in ceramic can be a reliable figure of merit for the response time calculation of the microwave source protection system  

Alumina is widely used as a vacuum ceramic separator in the pillbox-type output window of high-power electron tubes. The fracture of alumina is one of the most important factors in the failure of these tubes. In this article, the fracture process of alumina in the pillbox-type window of high-power electron tubes is assessed microscopically. The investigation shows the twinning phenomenon in the fractured alumina. The reason for initiating and propagating twins is also investigated. An increase in the alumina temperature decreases the required stress level for generating twins. The overheating condition occurs due to an impedance mismatch in the pillbox-type window. Experimental and numerical...