Sharif Digital Repository

A severe plastic straining method, called constrained groove pressing, was used to improve the microstructure and mechanical properties of non-hardenable 3003 Al-Mn alloy. Williamson-Hall method was utilized to measure the grain size from X-ray diffraction patterns of deformed samples. The results show that ultra-fine grained 3003 alloy having grain size of 580nm can be successfully produced by constrained groove pressing at room temperature. Mechanical properties of sheets, examined by tensile test, were approximately exhibited 170% improvement in comparison with those of annealed sample. Also, comparing the achieved results with those of aluminium 1100 alloy confirmed the rapid rate of... 

In recent years, various research has been done on the severe deformation of low carbon steel sheets. One of the methods used is the pressing in the grooved die, only two passes of the pressing process in the grooved mold have been successful when applied to these sheets, but on the other hand, these two passes also lessen the sheet's ductility while increasing its strength. Due to the fact that the sheet surface produced by the pressing in the grooved die is not entirely smooth, the attempt in this project was to improve the ductility to some extent using warm rolling in addition to the smoothness of the surface using higher temperature while improving the strength or maintain it. To... 

Demand for high performance components has caused a propensity towards high strength alloys, especially 7000 series, having extended applications in aerospace, automotive and medical industries. Due to high strength, heat treatability, and optimum weight, these alloys have been implemented in various conditions, specifically AA7075, being directly used in airframes. Through the years, numerous attempts have been made to improve the corrosion and formability properties of these alloys, resulting in the development of various tempering methods such as retrogression and re-ageing. Despite achiving optimal properties, it has been of less interest through literature to assess the formability of... 

In this research it has been attempted to suggest a modified retrogression and re- aging heat treatment on the sheet of AA7075 alloy with a thickness of 2 mm. The main aim of the research is to reduce the required duration of RRA process while maintaining the value of the conventional tensile strength achieving by the RRA process. This was performed by adding an intermediate warm rolling deformation during the RRA process. The rolling temperature was 180 °C and the rolling reductions were 30%, 40%, 50%. Moreover, the temperature of 170°C was selected as the re-aging temperature, for which the aging time of 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 hours were examined. This temperature and times were chosen to... 

Permeability is an essential parameter used for reservoir evaluation, simulation and management to optimize oil recovery. The conventional approach to estimate reservoir connectivity, conductivity, sweep efficiency and other critical information for decision-making is to build detailed geological models, which are then upscaled to a coarser grid where flow simulations are run. However, this takes many hours to be carried out even for a single realization practically. In practice, a very small number of realizations are considered and consequently the true uncertainty in the results is very poorly estimated. In this study, a statistical model of isotropic overlying sandbodies is used to... 

One of the major reasons causing cracks in external surfaces of concrete arch dams are thermal loads. Therofore, in order to avoid instabilities due to function of thermal loads in association with hydrostatic and hydrodynamic pressures, a precise evaluation of temperature distribution through dam body is indispensable. In this study, effects of thermal loads mostly on upstream surface of Karun-3 concrete arch dam in Iran were examined using a 3-D finite element method considering water level fluctuations. Also the influence of operatvie boundry conditions in our problem which are water temperature, air temperature and solar radiation was precisely taken into account. Moreover, nonlinear... 

Pile foundations suffered severe damages during the past earthquakes in all around the world. These damages were more severe in laterally spreading grounds and they mostly have been observed in gently sloping grounds and coastal areas. In these cases, Pile foundations not only are subjected to structures inertial loads and kinematic loads of liquefied soil but also lateral spreading intensifies damages. Thus, in the recent decade, several researches have been conducted to investigate the behavior of pile foundations in liquefiable and laterally spreading grounds, however, some uncertainties still remain in modeling of soil-pile interaction. In this study, the effects of liquefaction- induced... 

Loads from laterally spreading ground have been a major cause of damages to pile foundations in past earthquakes. Analysis of case histories have shown that damages are particularly intense when a nonliquefiable surface crust layer spreads laterally over underling liquefied layers. In this research the effect of lateral spreading due to liquefaction on single piles embede in a gently sloping ground has been investigated. Finite element method using OpenSees is used to model the pile and embedded soil. The soil profile for all models consisted of a nonliquefiable crust layer overlying loose sand with Dr = 30-35% overlying dense sand with Dr = 70-80%. The effect of geometric properties such as... 

Initial static shear stress caused by slopes or nearby structures' foundations can affect the behavior of the soil which is concerned many investigators during previous three decade. In this investigation, the effect of initial static shear stress on the liquefaction resistance of Babolsar sand has been probed using cyclic simple shear tests. Three different initial relative densities (Dr0=20%, 40% and 60%) and three different initial normal stresses (σv0= 50, 150 and 250 kPa) were considered in tests and four various initial static shear ratios (α) ranging between 0.0 and 0.3 were applied which leads to more than 190 distinct experiments. All tests were conducted under constant volume and... 

In this research, the effects of Rayleigh waves on the response of typical three-dimensional concrete faced rock-fill dams (CFRDs), considering dam-foundation interaction and spatial variability of earthquake ground motion are investigated. The time history of Loma Prieta earthquake (Gilroy 1 station) is used as input excitation. The dam is considered to be located in a prismatic canyon with trapezoidal cross-section. A substructuring method, in which the unbounded soil is modeled by the scaled boundary finite-element method (SBFEM), is used to obtain scattered motion and interaction forces along the canyon. Non-linear model is used for rock fill... 

In this project rotational barrier around the C-N bond in 4-ethyle-morpholine- carboxylate has been studied using DNMR spectroscopy. Spectra were taken at variable temperature, and then with simulation of bandshape broadening pattern at coalescence region, rate constants of exchange were obtained for all temperatures. For simulation of line-shape broadening Spinworks software was used, that with two interfaces made possible simulation with two bandshape simulator programs, DNMR and MEXICO. The rate constants obtained from simulations, were used for calculation of thermodynamic activation parameters (∆G#, ∆H#, ∆S# and Ea). ∆G# 298 value of 13.66 Kcal/mol for 4-ethyle-morpholine- carboxylate... 

Soil liquefaction is a phenomenon in which soil loses much of its strength or stiffness for a generally short time but nevertheless long enough for liquefaction to be the cause of many losses. Thus, many researchers have worked on the factors which affect this phenomenon. Effects of initial static shear stress on liquefaction strength of loose and medium dense Babolsar sand specimens were investigated in this study. Babolsar sand is fine to medium uniform sand classified as SP in USCS. Tests were performed with cyclic simple shear and static triaxial devices. All tests were performed under consolidated undrained conditions. Cyclic simple shear tests were performed under constant vertical... 

The Barrier of the internal rotation around C-N bond in O-ethyle morpholine-4-carbotioate were calculated using dynamic NMR spectroscopy (DNMR) in DMSO solvent. 1H and 13C NMR spectra were recorded at different temperatures (295-350K). Band shape broadening patterns at coalescence regions were simulated to extract rate constants of NMR spectera. Transition state thermodynamic properties of internal rotation around C-N bond in O- ethyle morpholine -4- carbotioate are estimated: , , , . To assay reliability of the estimated values, transition state thermodynamic properties were calculated using PCM model at method and basis set B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p). Theoretical values of thermodynamic... 

Accurate prediction of relative permeability for various reservoir rocks at various saturation conditions has been of concern for a long time in petroleum industry. Relative permeability is known as one of the most significant parameters in simulation of actual multi-phase flow through porous media during life-time of a hydrocarbon reservoir. In addition, it plays important role in oil production and well completion. Direct experimental measurement in order to determine relative permeability of porous rock has long been recorded in petroleum related literature. However, empirical methods for determining relative permeability are becoming more widely used, particularly with the advent of... 

Gravity dams are solid concrete structures that maintain their stability against design loads from the geometric shape and the mass and strength of the concrete. Because of their critical role in supplying portable and agricultural water and problems which would happen if they broke, it is required to consider their stability and keep them in safe conditions. They should be able to continue their function after a disaster such as earthquake. But most of them are aged dams with some have been built near faults. Indeed, there are some concerns regarding the performance of these dams under the effect of seismic loads. This research deals with performance evaluation of concerete gravity . The... 

Concrete gravity dams are one of the most important infrastructures therefore their performance under seismic load is an important issue of concern for dam owners. It is necessary that these infrastructures to be able to continue their function after a disaster such as earthquake, as any damage can cause huge cost. For analysis of dams linear and nonlinear analyses are used. Because even operating loads will create cracks in the body of the dam, dam behavior can not always be considered linear. It is remarkable that these surface cracks can join together under seismic loads and this question the safety of dams. It is important to note that nonlinear analysis of concrete gravity dams is... 

Soil nailing is an in-situ technique of mechanically stabilizing soil masses which has been used in France, Germany, United states, and recently in Iran. A review of literature shows that Soil-Nailed walls have performed well during strong ground motions in comparison with the gravity retaining structures. After the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, minor signs of distress or corresponding deformation were found on the Soil-Nailed walls, indicating excellent performance of such structures during moderate and strong shakings. These observations indicate that Soil-Nailed walls have an inherent satisfactory seismic response. This has been attributed to the intrinsic flexibility of the Soil-Nailed...