Sharif Digital Repository

Air pollution has been one of the most important problems in Tehran in recent years. So that the number of deaths due to air pollution in Tehran reaches more than 7000 cases per year. More than 75% of air pollutant emissions in Tehran city (including 60% of PM2.5 emissions) originate from mobile sources. Considering the harmful effects and damages caused by air pollutants, it is important to examine and evaluate the effects of hybrid-electric vehicles on the emissions of the transportation sector and air quality, especially in areas with a large population and realized high traffic load. On the other hand, the continuous reduction of renewable electricity production costs makes electricity a... 

Today, the rapid and increasing growth of various human societies has led to an increased consumption of energy and the need for new resources. In fact, the excessive consumption of energy, especially fossil fuels, has caused adverse and sometimes irreversible effects on the human environment. Also, the consumption of different types of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas, leads to a significant increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. On the other hand, population growth and technological advancements in the last century have led to an increase in the demand for energy carriers. Therefore, the use of new energy sources instead of fossil fuels is an inevitable matter.... 

Sustainable development of the energy sector, as a resource-consuming sector with high environmental emissions, is essential. Especially in energy-intensive countries such as Iran with a sensitive environment, the sustainability considerations are more critical. The sustainability may be achieved when all pillars (economic, social, and environmental) are considered in a balanced manner. Previous economic experiences show the incapability of the market view in proper consideration of the ecosystem assets. Therefore, and in contrast to the economic view, in the physical approaches the limited capacity of the cosystem bounds the economic activities for meeting social welfare. In this view, the... 

In recent years, the significant growth of the population has led to an increase in energy demand and subsequent rise in waste production. A substantial share of the energy demand and consumption in the industrial sector, particularly in steel production, requires the utilization of renewable technologies for energy and clean fuel production, such as hydrogen, to address this growing demand and mitigate environmental impact. This study focuses on a waste-to-energy technique as a viable solution to facilitate the transition towards green steel production in the industrial sector of Kerman province, primarily targeting the decarbonization of utility generation in steel production process.... 

The climate crisis and the role of the energy sector in greenhouse gas emissions highlight the urgent need for a transition to a low-carbon energy supply system. In this study, the OSeMOSYS model was used to optimize emission reduction pathways by implementing various scenarios, including BAU, NZC, SSP1, SSP2, and SSP5. First, the technical parameters of the model, such as investment costs and capacity factors, were estimated using econometric methods to account for technological development. Sensitivity analysis was then conducted on investment and import constraints. The results indicate that the BAU scenario, due to its high reliance on fossil fuels, leads to the highest CO₂ emissions,... 

The transportation sector plays a critical role in three key dimensions: economy, environment, and energy, necessitating integrated planning approaches. This study introduces an innovative approach to simultaneously addressing economic, environmental, and energy aspects by optimizing urban transportation systems. The focus is particularly on passenger cars, which significantly contribute to environmental pollutants such as particulate matter (PM) and energy consumption. The innovation of this research lies in developing an integrated model using linear optimization methods. This model identifies the optimal mix of fuel portfolios and transportation technologies from an economic perspective,... 

In Iran, considering the economic growth outlook and the economy's dependence on energy, significant imbalances have emerged, particularly in the supply and demand of natural gas. In this research, a model has been developed to optimally analyze the supply of energy service demand based on natural gas in the residential sector. The aim of this study is to determine the optimal portfolio of technologies available in the Iranian market, estimate the potential for gas savings under the energy and environmental optimization market mechanism, and propose policies to enhance its performance. To account for diverse climatic and economic conditions across provinces, the country has been divided into... 

The present study deals with the exergoeconomic analysis in a petrochemical industry utility supply complex. Discovering the levelized cost of products based on the economic valuation of exergy destruction in the system in a way that helps to continue the life of utility plsnts, and offers the right price to customers; It is of great importance. In this research, using exergy analysis with the help of EES software, the thermodynamic characteristics of the studied units are calculated. By simultaneously solving the exergy cost balance equations of the units based on the thermodynamic and economic data of the system, the levelized cost of products and other exergeoeconomic characteristics are... 

One of the actions taken to mitigate the climate change is research, development and demonstration (RD&D) investments in renewable energy technology. In addition to domestic R&D spending, the importation of foreign technologies, as a main channel of technology transfer, is another option to obtain renewable energy technologies in order to achieve climate objectives. In this study, a panel dataset of 28 OECD member countries from 2011 to 2020 is analysed, using the OLS, fixed-effects, and two-system system GMM methods, to assess the impacts of public spending on renewable energy RD&D and the import of renewable energy technologies on the energy-related CO2 emissions. To fully capture the the... 

Overcoming environmental problems caused by fossil fuel consumption and responding to the increasing energy demand creates the need for energy systems to transition towards low-carbon systems. The residential sector, as one of the sub-sectors of demand, accounts for a significant fraction of energy consumption, especially for heating and cooling. To achieve sustainable development goals, energy consumption management in this sector is essential. The use of high-efficiency appliances is a determining factor in demand and one of the most important requirements for energy consumption management. However, most energy system models include economic characteristics of technologies and do not... 

The issue of climate change and global warming is one of the most pressing environmental challenges that has garnered significant attention from scientific communities over the past two decades. A primary contributor to climate change is the emission of greenhouse gases resulting from the consumption of various energy sources. Iran, in particular, has the highest per capita greenhouse gas emissions, making it crucial to study this phenomenon within the context of its economy. This research investigates the impact of the subsidy reform plan implemented in the late 2000s on emissions in Iran’s industrial sector. To achieve this, we employed the difference-in-difference method to identify... 

This research uses systems dynamics modeling to present an integrated assessment of the energy-economic damage caused by climate change in Iran under different climate scenarios. Implementing these policies will cause a change in the use of global oil, followed by a change in the outlook for oil price changes in the future. Due to the high dependence of the country's economy on fossil fuels, oil price changes affect the country's economy. In the first step of this thesis, the system dynamics method examines the prospect of oil price change in climate scenarios. Then, according to the oil supply and production, in different scenarios, the assessment of the future conditions of the oil market... 

Office buildings, as one of the largest energy consumers in the building sector, play a significant role in national energy consumption. Given the importance of energy optimization in achieving sustainable development, reducing energy consumption in these buildings not only lowers costs but also helps preserve natural resources and mitigate environmental impacts. In this regard, providing energy optimization solutions, improving efficiency, and revising operational patterns play a key role in reducing energy consumption and ensuring user comfort. On the other hand, attention to indoor air quality is equally critical, as polluted indoor air can negatively affect the health and productivity of... 

Sustainable development of the energy sector, as a resource-consuming sector with high environmental emissions, is essential. Especially in energy-intensive countries such as Iran with a sensitive environment, the sustainability considerations are more critical. The sustainability may be achieved when all pillars (economic, social, and environmental) are considered in a balanced manner. Previous economic experiences show the incapability of the market view in proper consideration of the ecosystem assets. Therefore, and in contrast to the economic view, in the physical approaches the limited capacity of the cosystem bounds the economic activities for meeting social welfare. In this view, the... 

Oil and gas upstream, is one of the major parts of the energy chain in the world. Processes of production, transportation, processing and conversion of energy carriers are the main parts of this sector. Process units of oil and gas upstream industry are some of most local and global pollution resources in the world. In this research, the consideration of the pollutions from the production, processing and conversion of fossil fuels sector and the optimization of the management choices of each pollutant is subjected. Consideration of the pollutants related to the upstream sector, pollution control and management choices, cost accounting of the environmental impacts, the methods of accounting... 

Globally, bicycle sharing is one of the fast-growing solutions to climate change in the transport sector. However, what inequities may be reflected, exacerbated, or arose from its adoption and use? Relying on a qualitative research design involving interviews with bicycle sharing users, non-adopters, and daily observers of the cycling infrastructure (N = 36), site visits, and a literature review, we examine distributive, procedural, and recognition injustices in association with Bdood, an operating BSS in Iran, a developing country that allows for less-documented types of injustice to arise. In doing so, we utilize a comprehensive transport/mobility justice framework, drawn from the fields... 

Due to the widespread use of satellite communications including live TV broadcast, DVB-S and satellite Internet, it is necessary to accurately assess the level of signal received and the EIRP of the satellite. Nilesat21(7°W), Eutelsat3B(3°E), Badr(26°E), Express AM6(53°E) and Intelsat20(68.5°E) have been chosen to be meticulously assessed and analyzed.The chosen satellites contain the westernmost for Tehran to the easternmost, which has been listed above from west to east, respectively.In addition, the signal attenuation is closely monitored in the city of Tehran during rainfall for the above-mentioned satellites. In the meantime, the rain rate is also recorded.Another major factor that...