Sharif Digital Repository

Sustainable development of the energy sector, as a resource-consuming sector with high environmental emissions, is essential. Especially in energy-intensive countries such as Iran with a sensitive environment, the sustainability considerations are more critical. The sustainability may be achieved when all pillars (economic, social, and environmental) are considered in a balanced manner. Previous economic experiences show the incapability of the market view in proper consideration of the ecosystem assets. Therefore, and in contrast to the economic view, in the physical approaches the limited capacity of the cosystem bounds the economic activities for meeting social welfare. In this view, the... 

Oil and gas upstream, is one of the major parts of the energy chain in the world. Processes of production, transportation, processing and conversion of energy carriers are the main parts of this sector. Process units of oil and gas upstream industry are some of most local and global pollution resources in the world. In this research, the consideration of the pollutions from the production, processing and conversion of fossil fuels sector and the optimization of the management choices of each pollutant is subjected. Consideration of the pollutants related to the upstream sector, pollution control and management choices, cost accounting of the environmental impacts, the methods of accounting... 

Globally, bicycle sharing is one of the fast-growing solutions to climate change in the transport sector. However, what inequities may be reflected, exacerbated, or arose from its adoption and use? Relying on a qualitative research design involving interviews with bicycle sharing users, non-adopters, and daily observers of the cycling infrastructure (N = 36), site visits, and a literature review, we examine distributive, procedural, and recognition injustices in association with Bdood, an operating BSS in Iran, a developing country that allows for less-documented types of injustice to arise. In doing so, we utilize a comprehensive transport/mobility justice framework, drawn from the fields... 

In recent years, the significant growth of the population has led to an increase in energy demand and subsequent rise in waste production. A substantial share of the energy demand and consumption in the industrial sector, particularly in steel production, requires the utilization of renewable technologies for energy and clean fuel production, such as hydrogen, to address this growing demand and mitigate environmental impact. This study focuses on a waste-to-energy technique as a viable solution to facilitate the transition towards green steel production in the industrial sector of Kerman province, primarily targeting the decarbonization of utility generation in steel production process.... 

Today, the rapid and increasing growth of various human societies has led to an increased consumption of energy and the need for new resources. In fact, the excessive consumption of energy, especially fossil fuels, has caused adverse and sometimes irreversible effects on the human environment. Also, the consumption of different types of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas, leads to a significant increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. On the other hand, population growth and technological advancements in the last century have led to an increase in the demand for energy carriers. Therefore, the use of new energy sources instead of fossil fuels is an inevitable matter.... 

Air pollution has been one of the most important problems in Tehran in recent years. So that the number of deaths due to air pollution in Tehran reaches more than 7000 cases per year. More than 75% of air pollutant emissions in Tehran city (including 60% of PM2.5 emissions) originate from mobile sources. Considering the harmful effects and damages caused by air pollutants, it is important to examine and evaluate the effects of hybrid-electric vehicles on the emissions of the transportation sector and air quality, especially in areas with a large population and realized high traffic load. On the other hand, the continuous reduction of renewable electricity production costs makes electricity a... 

Due to the widespread use of satellite communications including live TV broadcast, DVB-S and satellite Internet, it is necessary to accurately assess the level of signal received and the EIRP of the satellite. Nilesat21(7°W), Eutelsat3B(3°E), Badr(26°E), Express AM6(53°E) and Intelsat20(68.5°E) have been chosen to be meticulously assessed and analyzed.The chosen satellites contain the westernmost for Tehran to the easternmost, which has been listed above from west to east, respectively.In addition, the signal attenuation is closely monitored in the city of Tehran during rainfall for the above-mentioned satellites. In the meantime, the rain rate is also recorded.Another major factor that... 

The release of toxic materials causes tragic accidents every year. There are various techniques in order to mitigate the release effect of these materials such as Application of air jets, steam curtains and water curtains. This study presents numerical calculations to reproduce the continuous ammonia release dispersion with and without the mitigating influence of a downwind water curtain using computational fluid dynamic (CFD) software ANSYS Fluent 15.0. The RNG model coupled with Lagrangian discrete phase model (DPM) was used to simulate the dilution effectiveness of the water curtain system. The ammonia absorption was taken into account by means of user-defined functions (UDF). The...