Sharif Digital Repository

An Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) is a capable tool to manipulate nanoparticles by exerting pushing force on the nanoparticles located on the substrate. In reality, the substrate cannot be considered as a smooth surface particularly at the nanoscale. Hence, the particle may encounter a step on the substrate during a manipulation. In this study, dynamics of the nanoparticle on a stepped substrate and critical pushing force in the manipulation are investigated. There are two possible dynamic modes that may happen in the manipulation on the stepped substrate. In one mode, the nanoparticle may slide on the step edge and then climb up to the step which is a desired mode. Another possible mode is... 

Elastomers have wide and ever increasing applications in several industries. In this work a compressible visco-hyperelastic approach is employed to investigate the behavior of elastomeric materials. The time-discrete form of the material model is developed to be used in numerical simulations. This formulation provides a recursive relation to update the stress in any time step regarding the deformation history. By means of analytical solutions derived for pure torsion of a solid circular cylinder, the numerical implementation is validated and then, the response of an elastomeric bushing is investigated in torsional, axial and combined deformations. These bushings are used in suspension... 

Hyperelastic behavior of isotropic incompressible rubbers is studied to develop a strain energy function which satisfies all the necessary characteristic properties of an efficient hyperelastic model. The proposed strain energy function includes only three material parameters which are somehow related to the physical quantities of the material molecular network. Moreover, the model benefits from mathematical simplicity, well suitting in all ranges of stretch and possessing the property of deformation-mode-independency. This reduces the required number of experimental tests for parameter calibration of the model. Results of the proposed model are compared with results of some available models... 

Hyperelastic behavior of isotropic incompressible rubbers are studied to develop a strain energy function. The proposed function includes only three material parameters which are related to physical properties of the material molecular network. Furthermore, the model benefits from well suitting in all ranges of stretch as well as possessing the property of deformation mode independency. This reduces the required number of experimental tests for parameter calibration. Results of the model are compared with results of Mooney-Rivlin, Arruda-Boyce, Gent and Gao models as well as the experimental data  

Magnetic Shape Memory Alloys (MSMAs) are a category of active materials which can be excited by magnetic field. These alloys have been used in sensor and actuator applications recently. MSMAs possess special properties such as large magnetic field-induced strains (up to %10) and high actuation frequency (about 1kHz), while ordinary shape memory alloys can't act in frequencies above 5Hz due to the time involved with heat transformation. In this paper, MSMAs are modeled by an incremental modeling approach which utilizes different secant moduli for different parts of stress-strain curve. Furthermore, stress-strain curve of MSMAs is approximated using an analytical expression. The incremental... 

Bilateral PPG signals have been used for comparative study of two groups of healthy (free from any cardiovascular risk factors) and diabetic (as cardiovascular disease risk group) subjects in the age-matched range 40-50 years. The peripheral blood pulsations were recorded simultaneously from right and left index fingers for 90 s. Pulses have been modeled with the ARX440 model in the interval of 300 sample points with 100 sample points overlap between segments. Model parameters of three segments based on the highest fitness (higher than 80%) of modeled segments were retained for each subject. Subsequently, principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to the parameters of retained segments... 

Magnetorheological fluids (MRFs) are a category of functional materials that exhibit magneto-mechanical coupling. These materials exhibit a reversible and instantaneous change from a free-flowing Newtonian fluid to a semi-solid state upon application of a magnetic field. In contrast to ordinary fluids, MRFs can tolerate shear stresses up to a yield value in the presence of a magnetic field. The yield stress strongly depends on intensity of the applied magnetic field and volume fraction of magnetic particles. As the yield stress is the most important parameter of an MRF and must be considered in the design of MR devices, in this work, effects of magnetic field and volume fraction of particles... 

Quality of Experience (QoE) measures the overall quality of a service from users’ point of view by considering several system, human, and contextual factors. There exist various objective and subjective methods for QoE prediction. Although the subjective approach is more expensive and challenging than the objective approach, QoE’s level can be more accurately determined by a subjective test. This paper investigates various features affecting QoE by proposing a comprehensive subjective evaluation. First, we show that many unconsidered factors can significantly affect QoE. We have generated voice samples featuring different values for novel factors related to the speaker, signal, and network.... 

A three-dimensional visco-hyperelastic constitutive model is developed to describe the rate-dependent behavior of rubber-like materials at large deformations. The model encompasses a hyperelastic part which uses the "Exp-Ln" strain energy function to characterize the equilibrium response and a viscous part capturing the rate sensitivity using a hereditary integral form which links the overstress to the history of stored strain energy. A physically consistent rate-dependent relaxation time scheme is introduced which reduces the number of required material parameters and also facilitates the calibration process. The proposed model is verified using various uniaxial experimental data in... 

Strain and stress concentrations are studied for elastomers at finite deformations. Effects of strain-induced crystallization, filler reinforcement and deformation rate are also investigated, and micromechanical descriptions are provided for the observed results. A simple problem is subjected to finite element simulations to show the results evidently. Material parameters are obtained from experimental tests conducted on standard tensile samples of filled and unfilled natural rubber (NR) as well as styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) as crystallizing and non-crystallizing rubbers, respectively. In all simulations, the strain concentration factor KE is shown to decrease monotonically where the...