Sharif Digital Repository

Todays the use of microwave integrated circuits for military and commercial applications has gained much attention, especially riththe advent of monolithic microwave integrated circuits, which provide the possibility of fabrication of amplifiers in large number, sufficient accuracy and affordable price.GaAs pHEMT process, because of good characteristics for noise and power in high frequencies, is a good choice for microwave and millimeter wave integrated circuits. A low noise amplifier is a key block in the receiver and, its noise figure, gain and linearity directly affects the sensitivity and dynamic range of the receiver. Hence, a low noise amplifier with low NF, high gain, good return... 

The brain is constantly placed in stochastic environments. This leads to the brain developing a probabilistic model for the environment. However, sometimes unexpected events occur that lead to surprise and a need for updating the probabilistic model. It can be concluded from this argument that reduction in brian’s surprise is a sign of learning. On the other hand, a probability distribution obtained from a probabilistic model contains an amount of uncertainty. Reducing this uncertainty can also be considered a sign of learning. Surprise and uncertainty can be obtained from a probability distribution using information theory concepts. Another important issue in learning is habituation, which... 

Many 2D lattice models of physical phenomena are conjectured to have conformally invariant scaling limits: percolation, Ising model, self-avoiding polymers, . . .This has led to numerous exact (but non-rigorous) predictions of their scaling exponents and dimensions. We will discuss how to prove the conformal invariance conjectures, especially in relation to Schramm-Loewner Evolution  

The olfactory sense in rats provides crucial information for identifying food sources, detecting threats, and facilitating social interactions. The olfactory bulb is one of the key brain regions involved in the initial processing of olfactory information and its transmission to higher brain areas for more complex processing. However, more advanced cognitive processes such as evaluation and decision-making rely on interactions between other brain regions. Among these, the striatum, as a part of the basal ganglia, plays a role in reward evaluation, reward-based learning, and shaping behaviors associated with sensory stimuli. This region contributes to learning, decision-making, and action... 

The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of speed and direction of current on ship fuel consumption. A KCS benchmark model has been numerically studied in calm water and fourteen current and wind conditions with the same speed and different directions to determine how the ship performance is dependent on flow conditions. The model has been simulated in an artificial basin propelled by a single right-handed propeller via a CFD commercial code. Numerical results revealed a linear relationship between the deviation of current and wind from head-sea or following-sea conditions and the rudder angle. The head-sea and following-sea currents and winds increased and decreased the lateral... 

In recent years, advances have been made in the field of miniaturization of the devices (in order to increase their efficiency, lessen the materials needed for the constructions and experiments, reduce costs and energy usage) resulting in the dramatic increase of surface to volume ratio in these devices. This progress has led to the dominance of surface forces which can be used to control very important interface phenomena having a special application such as electrokinetic. Using today’s manufacturing technology; it is possible to construct micro-nanochannels made from different materials such as silicon, glass, quartz, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) whose...