Sharif Digital Repository

After Supernovae and gamma-ray bursts, Quasars are the brightest in the Universe. They are powered by supermassive black holes which lie at the center of the galaxies. Perturbations in space-time metrics by massive galaxies near the line of sight of the quasar can lead to strong lensing and create multiple pictures. Gravitationally lensed quasar systems yield abundant data sets for astrophysical and cosmological experimentation. In this thesis survey results of the multiply lensed SDSS J1206+4332 is studied. Candidate phenomenons are microlensing and gravitational grating. Gravitational grating studies the interaction of electromagnetic wave and gavitational wave in both geometric and wave... 

Nowadays, advanced and inexpensive pre-clinical methods for investigating the effects of anti-cancer drugs are expanding. One of the latest three-dimensional laboratory modeling for evaluating the effects of drugs is the use of tumor-on-chip technology, which actually models the physiological system of the body through three-dimensional scaffolds, multicellular cultures, and shaped vascular systems. In this study, three-dimensional culture of cancer cells was performed in the form of spheroids. A chip of U-shaped microstructures with and without gaps was used to trap cells and form cancer spheroids. We simulated the simultaneous effect of drug and oxygen concentration distribution inside the... 

In this study, a gas kinetic model is presented and applied to investigate the compressible rarefied gas flows with nonequilibrium chemical reactions effects. The formulation of the Boltzmann equation is extended to incorporate these chemical reactions, and the resulting equations are numerically solved using the fifth-order WENO finite difference method to achieve high accuracy. The present research focuses on solving one-dimensional flows. After developing the WENO-based Boltzmann solver, its validation is performed through numerical simulations of different one-dimensional shock tube problems under different conditions. The results show good agreement with existing results, confirming the... 

Recently, considerable efforts have been devoted to evaluation of seismic dynamic response of a circular tunnel. Conventional approaches have considered integral liners embedded in an elastic medium. In this study, we model a circular tunnel driven by TMB in homogeneous soil. Tunnel lining with 6 pieces of segments is analyzed by software in three dimensions. The results demonstrate that the stiffness difference between the segment and joints can enhance the internal forces of the segment significantly, which is crucial for the design of segments. The design of tunnel segment joints and joints between tunnels and portal structures are investigated by comparing with different parameters of... 

This thesis discusses cosmic particles. Cosmic particles are originated by stars and black holes that could live in the Milky Way or other galaxies. These energetic particles can be protons, carbon, iron, gamma, electrons and positrons, and so on. After reaching the earth, these particles collide with atmospheric atoms to make the first interaction, which leads to the production of secondary particles. The number of secondary particles produced also increases steadily due to successive collisions with atmospheric atoms. The set of secondary particles that originate from the cosmic primary particle is called the extensive air shower. The aim of this paper is to investigate the properties of... 

Studying the dynamics of submerged and semi-submerged plant stems in shallow waters is important because it affects environmental processes and the stability of coastal ecosystems. The stems play a key role in ecosystem management by influencing wave energy dissipation. One of the effective parameters in stem dynamics is structural damping, which hasn't really been included in numerical models describing stem behavior before. In this research, two numerical models were developed to study the stem motion under waves; one model was for small deformations and the other one for large deformations. The results showed that both models predicted the stem dynamic behavior with quite good accuracy.... 

Modeling and performance evaluation of the real time distributed systems is a significant problem. Stochastic activity network is one of the high level models used for this purpose. This network is an extension of generalized stochastic Petri net which is more powerful and flexible than other Petri net extensions. Checking the satisfiability of properties such as performance, dependability and user's expected properties is considerable in these models. Thus, using the approaches and generating modeling and model checking tools with the mentioned purpose is attractive. A model checker automatically checks the correctness of the system behaviors as properties against the model by getting the... 

This study has focused on the important problem of landing on a planet as an important current and future space mission. In this regard, dynamics modeling and integrated state estimation and control problems have been investigated in different views. To this aim, first a novel concurrent representation for translational and rotational kinematics has been developed based on the extension of modified Rodrigues parameters to dual space. This parameter set, called dual modified Rodrigues parameters (DMRP), is then utilized to establish an integrated roto-translational dynamic. The proposed DMRP-based kinematics and dynamics have been verified via comparison to traditional methods of... 

Prevalent deployment of Distributed Energy Resources(DERs) in the demand side of electrical energy grids has several advantages such as greenhouse gases emission reduction, mitigation of power losses in the distribution grids and abatement of the dependency on the wholesale generation companies. At the same time, it paves the way for the advent of local interactive energy trading frameworks. In the following thesis, a distributed data-driven algorithm is developed for market-clearing in a community-based local energy market. The social welfare maximization is considered as the objective of the energy trading. The production and demand of electricity are the decision variables of sellers and... 

Understanding biological systems requires extensive knowledge of individual parameters, and to study the processes of cell differentiation and cell behavior, a suitable environment must be created with the physiological conditions of the human body. For this purpose, with the knowledge of microfluidics, a microenvironment can be provided to study the behavior of cells on a small scale. The use of bone tissue model microfluidic chips is an alternative and new method in which it is possible to study the behavior of cells to differentiate into bone and to examine the toxicity of drugs, which in itself can help in the effective and successful treatment of these cases show. Therefore, in this...