Sharif Digital Repository

Uncertainty and variability in the supply sector of renewable-penetrated power systems is becoming a new challenge for secure operation of these systems which if not responded properly may cause large amounts of load and supply curtailments. To meet this challenge, some ISOs recently have employed a new product named Flexible Ramping Product (FRP) into their markets which enhances the capability of the system to overcome such uncertainties by reserving additional ramp rates. In this regard, a new framework for implementing FRP in real-time market is proposed here. The proposed framework provides a proper opportunity for participation of thermal generating units in procuring FRP requirements.... 

Integration of renewable energies in generation sector of power systems has caused many new issues for planners and decision makers. Therefore, new concepts such as flexibility are introduced to properly cover these problems. In this paper, a recently announced short-term flexibility product, namely, 'Flexible ramping product' (FRP) in power markets is put under investigation from different aspects. FRP is the capacity reserved to meet next upcoming five-minute net load (load minus intermittent supply) uncertainty. Therefore, at first, the mathematical model of real-time dispatch (RTD) problem in presence of the FRP is formulated. Modeling this problem as a linear programming (LP)... 

Flexible ramping product (FRP) has been recently launched in a number of electricity markets to enhance the power grid flexibility and accommodate additional deals of uncertainty introduced by renewable energy resources. The FRP procures additional ramp capacities provided by the dispatchable generating units and consumers in the real-time market (RTM) with the aim to enhance the ability of supply to closely follow the net-load at the next immediate time-interval. An important challenge in widespread adoption of this technology is a key question: Does the available energy capacity of the RTM participants contain sufficient ramp capacity to tackle the net-load uncertainties? Indeed, shortage... 

The escalated penetration of wind energy in the electric industry has by large contributed to an intensified uncertainty and variability of the net-load, i.e., the difference between stochastic demand and intermittent supply. In response, some Independent System Operators (ISOs) have recently introduced the Flexible Ramping Product (FRP) to heighten the grid flexibility via effective hosting of the uncertain renewables. This paper suggests a novel framework for optimal FRP provision in real-time markets (RTM) in which the shortage in the RTM ramp capacity is compensated by optimal deployment of day-ahead procured spinning reserve. In the envisioned mechanism, the ISO can deploy specific... 

Recently, power system operators have initiated procurement of a new service in electricity markets named flexibleramping product (FRP). With the main goal of enhancing the grid flexibility, this product can provide a remarkable opportunity foran enhanced short-term profitability. Energy storage systems (ESSs) with high ramping capability can leverage their profitabilitywhen properly participating in this market. This study introduces a stochastic optimisation framework for participation of ESSs inthe FRP market. The proposed model formulates the optimal bidding strategy of ESSs considering the real-time energy, flexibleramp-up and ramp-down marginal price signals and the associated... 

The concept of flexibility is defined as the power systems’ ability to effectively respond to changes in power generation and demand profiles to maintain the supply–demand balance. However, the inherent flexibility margins required for successful operation have been recently challenged by the unprecedented arrival of uncertainties, driven by constantly changing demand, failure of conventional units, and the intermittent outputs of renewable energy sources (RES). Tackling these challenges, energy storage systems (ESS) as one important player of the new power grids can enhance the system flexibility. It, therefore, calls for an efficient planning procedure to ensure flexibility margins by... 

The concept of flexibility is defined as the power systems’ ability to effectively respond to changes in power generation and demand profiles to maintain the supply–demand balance. However, the inherent flexibility margins required for successful operation have been recently challenged by the unprecedented arrival of uncertainties, driven by constantly changing demand, failure of conventional units, and the intermittent outputs of renewable energy sources (RES). Tackling these challenges, energy storage systems (ESS) as one important player of the new power grids can enhance the system flexibility. It, therefore, calls for an efficient planning procedure to ensure flexibility margins by... 

This paper presents a new model for optimal scheduling of renewable-based multi-energy microgrid (MEM) systems incorporated with emerging high-efficient technologies such as electric vehicle (EVs) parking lots, power-to-gas (P2G) facility, and demand response programs. The proposed MEM is equipped with wind energy, multi-carrier energy storage technologies, boiler, combined heat and power unit, P2G, EVs, and demand response with the aim of total operational cost minimization. Meanwhile, the system operator can participate in three electricity, heat, and gas market to meet local demands as well as achieve desired profits through energy exchanges. The proposed MEM is exposed to high-level... 

Secure routing is a major key to service maintenance in ad hoc networks. Ad hoc nature exposes the network to several types of node misbehavior or attacks. As a result of the resource limitations in such networks nodes may have a tendency to behave selfishly. Selfish behavior can have drastic impacts on network performance. We have proposed a Misbehavior-Tolerant Multipath Routing protocol (MTMR) which detects and punishes all types of misbehavior such as selfish behavior, wormhole, sinkhole and grey-hole attacks. The protocol utilizes a proactive approach to enforce cooperation. In addition, it uses a novel data redirection method to mitigate the impact of node misbehavior on network...