Sharif Digital Repository

Designing proper spectrum decision schemes for cognitive radios (CRs) improves spectral usage efficiency as well as CR network throughput. One of the key effecting factors of the CR network throughput is the spectrum sensing sequences of the secondary users (SUs). In this paper, the SUs throughput maximization through appropriately selecting the sensing sequences of the SUs, called sensing matrix (SM), is investigated. More specifically, first the average throughput of the CR network is evaluated for a given SM in the case of error-free channel sensing. Then, an optimization problem is formulated with the aim to maximize the network throughput by finding the optimal SM. In order to avoid... 

Supersonic separators are used in gas separation processes such as dehumidification of humid air due to high performance and its good pressure recovery. In the present study, a comprehensive numerical and experimental investigation on the hydrodynamic behavior of air as working fluid and dehumidification performance of supersonic separator have been accomplished. The effect of the operational parameters on shockwave's position are examined. The outcomes show that by increasing the pressure level of supersonic separator, relative error between numerical and experimental results decreases from 20% to less than 10%. The effect of the operational parameters and humidity of inlet air on the... 

To investigate the effect of the swirl generator (SG) on shockwave position and pressure drop, 3D simulation is conducted and validated by Arina's study. An increase of the blade number, height, and end angle leads to shockwave displacement toward the nozzle outlet. The maximum increment of the shockwave displacement, which is due to enlarging the angle of the blade end, is about 47 %. For this case, the pressure drop share of the SG is nearly half of the total pressure drop, while the residence time of particles is prolonged by about 51 %. As a general finding, increasing the swirl intensity provides a longer residence time to separate adequately the liquid from the gas. However, a higher... 

Supersonic separators (3Ss) are applied in gas separation processes. Two-dimensional simulation is employed to investigate the effect of operational and thermophysical parameters on the shockwave position. In addition, the impact of the cyclonic part and wet outlet geometry is evaluated by proposing four cases. Increasing the length of the cyclonic part exerts positive and negative influences on the performance of the 3S and the pressure recovery coefficient, respectively. The optimum length is determined between 10 and 15 cm. To demonstrate negative effects of wasted air from the wet outlet, its flow has been increased from 3.6 to 8.1 % of the inlet flow. Improved performance of the 3S is... 

In this paper, using first principle calculation and non-equilibrium Green's function, the thermally induced spin current in Hydrogen terminated Zigzag-edge Germanene Nanoribbon (ZGeNR-H) is investigated. In this model, because of the difference between the source and the drain temperature of ZGeNR device, the spin up and spin down currents flow in the opposite direction with two different threshold temperatures (Tth). Hence, a pure spin polarized current which belongs to spin down is obtained. It is shown that, for temperatures above the threshold temperature spin down current increases with the increasing temperature up to 75 K and then decreases. But spin up current rises steadily and in... 

Powerful spectrum sensing schemes enable cognitive radios (CRs) to find transmission opportunities in spectral resources allocated exclusively to primary users. In this paper, the problem of maximizing the average throughput of a cognitive radio system through optimizing its spectrum sensing time is investigated, and a systematic neural network-based optimization approach is proposed which avoids challenges associated with the conventional analytical solutions. The proposed method exploits a novel learning and optimization cycle to enable an effective cooperation between two kinds of well-known artificial neural networks and finds the optimum value of the channel sensing time without any... 

Effective spectrum sensing strategies enable cognitive radios (CRs) to identify and opportunistically transmit on under-utilized spectral resources. In this paper, sequential channel sensing problems for single and multiple secondary users (SUs) networks are effectively modeled through finite state Markovian processes. More specifically, a model for single user case is introduced and its performance is validated through analytical analysis. Then, in order to address multiple SUs case, this model is extended to include the modified p-persistent access (MPPA) protocol. Since the scheme utilized experiences a high level of collision among the SUs, to mitigate the problem appropriately,... 

In this study, the average throughput maximisation of a secondary user (SU) by optimising its spectrum sensing time is formulated, assuming that a priori knowledge of the presence and absence probabilities of the primary users (PUs) is available. The energy consumed to find a transmission opportunity is evaluated, and a discussion on the impacts of the number of PUs on SU throughput and consumed energy are presented. To avoid the challenges associated with the analytical method, as a second solution, a systematic adaptive neural network-based sensing time optimisation approach is also proposed. The proposed scheme is able to find the optimum value of the channel sensing time without any... 

The overall heat transfer coefficient (OHTC) of air in a double-pipe helical heat exchanger is studied and experimentally investigated. In order to increase the rate of heat transfer in the annulus section, a copper-wire fin is soldered on the outside area of the internal tube. The literature correlations’ results are presented against the experimental data by changing mass flow rate and temperature, and consequently changing the Reynolds number. Further, a new method is suggested to obtain the heat transfer coefficients of double-pipe helical heat exchangers for the internal tube and the annulus section by combining two of the previously proposed approaches and making subsequent... 

The current study examines different arrangements of vortex tubes (VTs) to get higher performances for cooling and heating. The effects of thermo-physical parameters such as inlet feed temperature and inlet/outlet vortex tube pressure on generated temperature gradient are investigated. To estimate the cold outlet temperatures, the available equations in the literature are verified against our experimental data. Moreover, we propose a new equation to estimate the hot outlet temperature based on the upper limit of hot temperature (ULHT) and the lower limit of cold temperature (LLCT), verified with experimental data as well. Further, several arrangements are simulated to obtain the minimum cold... 

Continuous-time Stochastic Game (CTSG) can be seen as a proper model to analyze probabilistic, non-deterministic, and competitive behaviors as found in Stochastic Multi-Player Game (SMG). The difference is that in an SMG the system under design is analyzed in the discrete-time setting. In comparison, in a CTSG, the system transitions occur in the continuous-time setting with exponentially distributed delays. This paper focuses on the model checking of CTSGs and presents a uniformization-based algorithm, called TPA, to approximate the time-bounded reachability probabilities with an arbitrary error bound. We concentrate on CTSGs with bounded transition rates. To illustrate the strength points... 

In the present experimental study, the effect of operating parameters such as inlet and outlet pressure as well as inlet temperature on the mass separation capability of vortex tubes (VTs) for a gas mixture is investigated. Specifically, concentrating heavier components of a gas mixture in the hot outlet stream is considered. Proposing a semi-empirical index from the experimental study, the simulation of different arrangements of VTs, and the effect of recycling a portion of the hot outlet stream on its mass separation performance are investigated. Moreover, the proposed separation method by VTs is economically compared with commonly used methods by distillation columns and two-phase... 

Continuous-time Stochastic Game (CTSG) can be seen as a proper model to analyze probabilistic, non-deterministic, and competitive behaviors as found in Stochastic Multi-Player Game (SMG). The difference is that in an SMG the system under design is analyzed in the discrete-time setting. In comparison, in a CTSG, the system transitions occur in the continuous-time setting with exponentially distributed delays. This paper focuses on the model checking of CTSGs and presents a uniformization-based algorithm, called TPA, to approximate the time-bounded reachability probabilities with an arbitrary error bound. We concentrate on CTSGs with bounded transition rates. To illustrate the strength points...